Part 72

+-------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+ |=B. C.=| =The Roman Empire--In Europe, Asia and Africa--Under Augustus : | | Cæsar, Emperor= : +-------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+ | |31-14. Cæsar Octavianus Augustus. The surname Augustus (the Illus- : | |trious, the Sublime), which was given Octavianus by the Senate in : | |27 B. C., is the name by which he was known as sole ruler of the : | |Roman world. : | | : | | =Countries Subject to Roman : =Age of Augustus= : | | Dominion= : : | | : : | |IN EUROPE:--_Spain_, _Gaul_, :27-25. Expedition of Augustus : | |_Britain_, _Italy_, _Rhætia_, :against the Cantabri and Astures.: | |_Vindelicia_, _Noricum_, : : | =25= |_Pannonia_, _Illyria_, _Greece_, :25. Expedition to Arabia, without: | |_Macedonia_, _Thrace_, _Mœsia_, :results, conducted by C. Ælius : | |_Dacia_. :Gallus, prefect of Egypt. : | | : : | |IN ASIA:--_Asia Minor_, _Syria_, :22-21. Successful war against the: | |_Phœnicia_, _Palestine_, _the :Ethiopians, by Petronius, the : | |northern and eastern coasts of :successor of Gallus in Egypt. : | |the Black Sea_, _Armenia_, : : | |_Mesopotamia_, _Assyria_. :20. Campaign of Augustus against : | | :the Parthians. Tigranes was re- : | |IN AFRICA:--_Egypt_, _and the :instated in the kingdom of : | |whole of the northern coast_. :Armenia. : | | : : | |Its distant territories were :19. Subjugation of Spain com- : | |_Scandia_, _Sarmatia_, _India_, :pleted. : | |_Æthiopia_, and _Galatia_; Rome : : | |itself being the common center of:15. Rhætia made a Roman province,: | |the whole. :along with Vindelicia (now Augs- : | | :burg) and Noricum. : | +---------------------------------+ : | | =German Nations= |12-9. Drusus undertook four cam- : | =1 +---------------------------------+paigns in Germany proper. : | A. D.=| | : | | |4-6. Campaigns of Tiberius in : | |6-9. Varus, in his camp on the |Germany. : | |Weser, governs Lower Germany as a| : | |Roman province. |7. Germanicus is sent into : | | |Germany. : | |9. Hermann, or Arminius defeats | : | |Varus at =Winfield-Lippe=. Teu- | : | |tonic independence established by| : | |the defeat of the Roman legions. | : | |The line drawn between the | : | |Germanic and Latin races. | : | | | : | |14-17. Expedition of Germanicus. |14-37. Tiberius (Claudius Nero), : | | |step-son of Augustus. : | =25= |_The Romans from this time main- | : | |tain military power on the right |37-41. Caligula (properly, Gaius : | |bank of the Rhine and from the |Cæsar Germanicus), youngest son : | |Maine to the Danube._ |of Germanicus. : | | | : | | |41-54. Claudius (Tiberius : | | |Claudius Nero), son of Drusus, : | | |influenced largely by 1, the : | | |shameless Messalina; 2, the : | | |ambitious Agrippina. : | | | : | | |43. Commencement of the conquest : | | |of Britain. : | | | : | =50= |50. Colony of Claudius. Agrippa | : | |(Cologne) founded. |54-68. Nero (Nero Claudius Cæsar : | | |Augustus Germanicus). Destroys : | | |Britannicus and all the Julian : | | |family. : | | | : | | |59-62. Murders his wife and : | | |mother. : | | | : | | |64. Fire at Rome, followed, : | | | : | | |65. by the persecution of the : | | |Christians. : | | | : | | |68. Death of Nero, and extinction: | | |of the house of Cæsar. : | | | : | |69-70. Revolt of the Batavians in|69-79. VESPASIANUS, (Titus : | |Belgian Gaul. |Flavius Vespasianus), one best of: | | |Roman princes. Eruption of : | | |Vesuvius and destruction of : | | |Herculaneum, Pompeii and Stabiæ. : | | | : | | |86-107. DACIAN WARS. : | | | : | | | _PLUTARCH_ (50?-120?): | | | : | | |98-117. TRAJAN (Marcus Ulpius : | | |Traianus). Excellent ruler and : | | |general. Magnificent buildings in: | | |Rome (Forum Traianum) and : | | |throughout the empire. : | =100= | | : | | |101-103. Victorious over the : | |106. Dacia a Roman province. The |Dacians. : | |country is filled with Roman | : | |colonists. Origin of the Latin |107. Reduction of part of Arabia.: | |language in Hungary. | : | | |114-116. War with the Parthians, : | | |in which Rome is victorious. : | | |Armenia and Mesopotamia Roman : | | |provinces. : | | | : | | | PERIOD OF GREATEST EXTENT OF : | | | THE EMPIRE. : | | | : | | |117-138. Hadrian (Publius Ælius : | | |Hadrianus) a lover of peace, an : | | |excellent administrator, learned : | | |and vain. : | | | : | | |117. Gives up the provinces of : | | |Armenia, Mesopotamia and Assyria.: | +---------------------------------+---------------------------------+ | | =German Nations= | =The Roman Empire--In Europe, : | | | Asia and Africa= : | +---------------------------------+---------------------------------+ | |121. Roman wall from the Rhine to|121. Builds a wall across the : | |the Danube by Hadrian. |north of England. : | =125= | | : | | |131. Improves Roman juris- : | | |prudence. : | | | : | | |138-161. ANTONINUS PIUS, whose : | |140. =The Goths migrate south- |reign was the happiest period of : | |wards.= |the Roman empire. : | =150= | | : | | |161-180. MARCUS AURELIUS, (Marcus: | | |Aurelius Antoninus), a wise and : | | |active sovereign, highly : | | |educated, a stoic philosopher. : | | | : | | |162-165. Verus successful against: | | |the Parthians. : | | | : | | |166. The Marcomanni, with their : | |167-180. War of the league |allies, penetrate as far as : | |against Rome. |Aquileia. : | | | : | |170. Invasion of Illyria as far | : | =175= |as Aquileia. | : | | |178. The Marcomanni and their : | | |allies renew the war with Rome, : | | |and before the close of it M. : | | |Aurelius dies, 180, at Sirmium. : | | | : | | |193-284. CIVIL WARS OF THE ROMAN : | | |EMPIRE. : | | | : | | | =Period of Military Despotism= : | | | : | +----------------+----------------+193-211. Septimius Severus. Im- : | | =Franks= : =Goths= |provements in the administration : | +----------------+----------------+of justice through the jurist : | =200= |The name of :200. The Goths |Papinianus. : | |Franks, (or free:enter Dacia, and| : | |men), was given :after crossing |208. Expedition to Britain : | |to a military :the Danube |against the Scots. : | |confederacy of :attack the Roman| : | |the lower Rhine :provinces. |211-217. CARACALLA, (Antoninus : | |and the Weser. : |Bassianus). By the Constitutio : | | : |Antoniana Roman citizenship was : | | : |conferred upon all the inhabi- : | | : |tants of the provinces. Systemat-: | | : |ic plundering of the provinces, : | | : |unsuccessful wars against the : | | : |Goths in Dacia, cruel treatment : | | : |of the inhabitants of Alexandria.: | | : |Plundering expedition against the: | | : |Parthians. : | | : | : | | : |222-235. SEVERUS ALEXANDER. Ex- : | =225= | : |cellent ruler, advised by the : | | : |jurists Domitius Ulpianus and : | | : |Julius Paullus. : | | :236-237. They | : | |238. They invade:invade lower | : | |Gaul. :Mœsia, and exact|248. Celebration of the thou- : | | :tribute of the |sandth anniversary of the founda-: | | :Romans. |tion of Rome. : | | : | : | =250= | :250. The Goths, | : | | :under their | : | | :king, Ostro- | : | | :gotha, for the | : | | :first time force| : | | :their way into | : | | :the Roman Empire| : | | :by crossing the | : | | :Danube. | : | | : | : | | :258-69. Four | : | | :great expedi- |268-270. Claudius II. raised to : | | :tions of the |the throne by the soldiers. : | | :Goths into Asia | : | | :Minor and |270-275. AURELIANUS. He concluded: | | :Greece. |peace with the Goths by the sac- : | | : |rifice of the province of Dacia. : | | :272. They are |He defeated Zenobia in two : | | :driven from |battles, at Antiochia and at : | | :Illyricum and |Edessa, subdued Syria, besieged : | | :Thrace, and de- |and destroyed Palmyra, captured : | | :feated also on |Zenobia, and reconquered Egypt, : | | :the Danube. |273. Aurelian called “Restorer of: | | : |the universal Empire.” : | | :274. They obtain| : | =275= | :Dacia from the |275. Tacitus, Imperator. He de- : | | :Romans. |feated the Alani, who had invaded: | | : |Asia Minor. : | | :The Goths, in | : | | :their progress |276-282. Probus. Drove back the : | |277. Extraordi- :southward, are |Franks, Burgundians, Alamanni and: | |nary naval expe-:joined by count-|Vandals, entered Germany, and : | |dition of the :less swarms of |strengthened the wall between the: | |Thracian Franks,:barbarians and |Rhine and Danube. : | |in the Mediter- :thus overwhelm | : | |ranean and :the countries |282-283. Carus succeeded. Con- : | |northern seas. :they invade. |quered the Sarmatians. : | | : | : | | : |284-305. Diocletianus proclaimed : | |288. Maximian :Gothic monarchy |imperator by the soldiers. : | |transplants a :on the banks of | : | |part of them :the lower Danube| =Period of Absolute : | |into Gaul. :and the northern| Imperialism.= : | | :coast of the | : | | :Black Sea. | : | | : | : | | :290. They con- | : | |294. Repeated :quer the | : | |migrations. :Burgundiones. | : | =300= | : | : | |306. Constantine: | : | |defeats the : |308. Rebellion in Rome. Six : | |Franks, who had : |emperors. : | |invaded Gaul. : | : | | : |310-323. WARS OF CONSTANTINE THE : | | : |GREAT. : | | : | : | | : |323-337. CONSTANTINE, THE GREAT, : | =325= | : |sole ruler. Christianity recog- : | | : |nized by the State and favored at: | | : |the expense of paganism. : | | : | : | | : |330. Seat of empire moved to : | | : |Constantinople. : | | : | : | | : |337. On the death of Constantine : | =350 | :350. Hermanric, |the Great, the empire was divided: | |356-7. Franks :King of the |between his three sons: Constan- : | |and Alemanni :Ostrogoths, |tine, Constans and Constantius. : | |pour into Gaul. :founds an exten-| : | | :sive empire. |361. JULIAN, called the Apostate.: | | : |Disliked Christianity, and tried : | | : |to restore paganism. : | | : | : | | : |364. Empire divided into East and: | |365-371. Valen- : |West with an emperor ruling in : | |tinian drives :366. The Goths |each. : | |the Alemanni out:invade Thrace, | : | |of Gaul. :but are defeated| | : | | :by the generals | WEST | EAST : | | :of Valens. Upon | | : | | :the invasion of |364. |364. Valens, : | | :the Huns, the |Valentinian I. |killed by Goths.: | | :Ostrogoths sepa-| : | | :rate from the | : | | :Visigoths. | : | | : | : | =375= | :375. Death of |375-493. INVASION OF ROMAN EMPIRE: | | :Hermanric and |BY NORTHERN BARBARIANS. : | | :fall of his | : | | :empire. |375. Gratian and| : | | : |Valentinian II. | : | | :376. The Visi- | | : | | :goths pressed by| |379. Theodosius : | | :the Huns, im- |383. Valentinian|I. Became a : | | :plore the pro- |II. |Christian; kept : | | :tection of | |back the Goths; : | | :Valens, and | |divided Armenia : | | :cross the Danube| |between Rome and: | | :into Mœsia, | |Persia. : | | :which he cedes | : | | :to them. |394. The whole empire was, for : | | : |the last time, reunited under : | | : | : | | : |394-395. THEODOSIUS. After his : | | : |death the division of adminis- : | | : |tration into an eastern and west-: | | : |ern section, which had existed : | | : |for a hundred years, became a : | | : |permanent division of the empire.: | | : | : | | : |395. _DIVISION OF THE EMPIRE : | | : |BETWEEN THE SONS OF THEODOSIUS, : | | : |HONORIUS AND ARCADIUS._ : +-------+----------------+----------------+---------------------------------+