Part 68

+-------+---------------------+---------------------+---------------------+ |=B. C.=| =Carthage= | =Rome= | =China-Japan-India= | +-------+---------------------+---------------------+---------------------+ | |Carthage became in- | | | | |dependent of Phœnicia| | | | |in 530. |481-475. Wars with | | | | |Veii. |478. China: Death of | | |480. Carthaginians | |Confucius. China dis-| | |invaded Sicily; de- | |tracted by internal | | |feated at Himera by | |wars. | | |Gela. | | | | =475= | | | | | |471. First Publilian | | | | |Laws. | | | | | | | | | |451-449. The Decem- | | | | |virate. | | | | | | | | | =450= | |450. The Twelve |450. India: Brick and| | | |Tables. |stone buildings in | | | | |existence. | | | | | | | | |448. Valerian and | | | | |Horatian Laws. | | | | | | | | | |445. Canuleian Laws. | | | | | | | | | |444. Consular | | | | |Tribunes. | | | =425= | | | | | |410. HANNIBAL | | | | |and Hamilcar invade | | | | |Sicily. | | | | | | | | | |405. Treaty between | | | | |Carthage and Syra- | | | | |cuse. Landed aristoc-| | | | |racy created at | | | | |Carthage. | | | | =400= | | | | | | |390. GAUL’S INVASION | | | | |OF ITALY. Rome | | | | |burned. | | | | | | | | | |377-367. Licinian | | | =375= | |Laws. | | | | | |372. China: MENCIUS | | | |366. First Plebeian |born. | | |360. Carthaginians |Consul. | | | =350= |form settlements in | | | | |Spain. |348. Treaty of com- | | | | |merce with Carthage. | | | | | | | | |343. Greek cities of |343-341. FIRST | | | |Sicily freed from |SAMNITE WAR. | | | |Carthage. | | | | | |340-338. Great Latin | | | | |War. | | | | | | | | | |326-304. SECOND |326. India: | | | |SAMNITE WAR. |Alexander’s invasion.| | | | | | | =325= |_Carthage rises in | |325-315. India: | | |wealth and political |321. The Samnites de-|MAURYA DYNASTY, most | | |importance._ |feat the Romans at |brilliant of old | | | |the Caudine Forks and|Hindu dynasties. | | |317. Carthage and |send them under the | | | |Syracuse at war. |yoke. |312-306. India: | | | | |Seleucus attempts to | | |310. Agathocles in- | |recover provinces of | | |vades Carthaginian |309. Fabius Maximus |Alexander. | | |territory in Africa. |defeats the Etrurians| | | | |at the Vadimonian | | | | |Lake. | | | | | | | | | |307. The Carthagini- | | | |306. Peace with |ans defeat Agathocles| | | =300= |Syracuse. |and besiege Syracuse.|300. India: Brahmanic| | | | |system of caste | | | |298-290. THIRD |instituted. | | | |SAMNITE WAR. | | | | |_These wars pave the | | | | |way to the subjuga- | | | | |tion of Italy, and | | | | |the future greatness | | | | |of Rome._ | | | | | | | | | |286. LAW OF | | | | |HORTENSIUS, by which | | | | |the decrees of the | | | | |Plebs are made abso- | | | | |lute in the state. | | | | |The end of the long | | | | |struggle between | | | | |Patricians and | | | | |Plebeians. | | | | | | | | | |282-272. ROMAN WAR | | | | |WITH TARENTUM. | | | | |Tarentum seeks the | | | | |aid of PYRRHUS, king | | | | |of Epirus. | | | | | | | | | |278. Pyrrhus lands in| | | | |Sicily, and makes | | | =275= | |himself master of all| | | | |the Carthaginian |270. India: ASOKA | | | |towns. |descendant of | | | | |Chandragupta, reigns | | | |266. Roman subjuga- |in Magadha; he is a | | | |tion of Italy is |friend of Buddhism. | | | |completed. | | | | | | | | |264-241. FIRST PUNIC WAR. Contest over | | | |Sicily. | | +-------+---------------------+---------------------+---------------------+

+-------+-----------------------------------------------------------------+ |=B. C.=| =The Greeks= | +-------+-----------------------------------------------------------------+ | | _ÆSCHYLUS_ (525-456).| | | | | |481-480. Third expedition of the Persians against Greece, under | | |Xerxes. | | | | | |480. Battle of the Greeks under Leonidas, at Thermopylæ. Naval | | |battle of Salamis saved Athens. | | | | | |479. Fourth expedition of the Persians against Greece. Greek | | |victories at Platæa and Mycale. Persian army destroyed. | | | | | | _SOPHOCLES_ (495-406).| | =475= | | | |465. Battle of the Eurymedon. | | | | | |464-456. THIRD MESSENIAN WAR. | | | | | |457-445. War of the Spartans and Bœotians against Athens. | | =450= | | | |449. Battle of Salamis in Cyprus. | | | | | | _HERODOTUS_ (484-408).| | | | | | _EURIPIDES_ (480-406).| | | | | |445. End of Persian war. Thirty years’ peace between Athens and | | |Sparta. | | | | | | =IV. Age of Pericles and Greek Luxury= | | | | | | _PERICLES_ (499-429).| | | | | |444-429. Athens under the administration of Pericles, reached the| | |zenith of its greatness. | | | | | | _PHIDIAS_ (fl. 448-440).| | | | | |431-404. PELOPONNESIAN WAR--between Athens and Sparta. | | | | | | _SOCRATES_ (469-399).| | =425= | | | |421. ALCIBIADES in power at Athens. | | | | | | _THUCYDIDES_ (471-402).| | | | | |415-413. Expedition of the Athenians against =Syracuse=. Greek | | |defeat. Decline of Athenian power. | | | | | |405. LYSANDER of Sparta destroyed Athenian fleet. | | | | | | =The Spartan Supremacy= (405-371). | | | | | |404. Surrender of Athens and end of Peloponnesian War. Sparta | | |supreme in Greece. | | =400= | | | |399-394. War between the Spartans and Persians. Fall of Spartan | | |power in Asia. | | | | | | _PLATO_ (429-347).| | | | | |379-362. War between Thebes and Sparta. Thebes freed. | | =375= | | | |359. Rise of the Macedonian power. PHILIP OF MACEDON. | | | | | | _DEMOSTHENES_ (382-347).| | | | | |357-355. The Social War. | | | | | |355-346. Second Sacred War against the Phocians, who seized | | |Delphi. | | | | | | _ARISTOTLE_ (384-322).| | =350= | | | | =V. The Macedonian Period= | | | (338-146) | | | | | |339-338. THIRD SACRED WAR. Macedonians against Athens and Greece.| | | | | |338. Macedonia supreme under PHILIP II. | | | | | |336. Philip assassinated. | | | | | |336-323. ALEXANDER THE GREAT, King of Macedonia. Great extension | | |of power. | | | | | |334-328. WARS OF ALEXANDER IN ASIA. | | | | | |334. Battle at Granicus. | | | | | |333. Founded Alexandria in Egypt. Occupied Babylon, subdued | | |Persia and Darius III. Invaded India in 327. | | +-----------------------------------------------------------------+ | | =The Immense Greek Empire of Alexander The Great= | | +-----------------------------------------------------------------+ | =325= | : | |323. Death of Alexander at Babylon. His empire split up among his: | |generals after his death. Perdiccas became regent in Asia for : | |Alexander’s half brother and his posthumous son. Antipater and : | |Craterus shared the regency of the west. The other generals re- : | |ceived lieutenancies: Ptolemæus, Egypt; Antigonus, Pamphylia, : | |Phrygia and Lycia; Eumenes, Alexander’s secretary, Paphlygonia : | |and Cappadocia; and Cassander, Caria; Leonnatus, Phrygia on the : | |Hellespont. : | | : | |323-301. WARS OF ALEXANDER’S SUCCESSORS FOR HIS ASIATIC : | |DOMINIONS. The first partition of the empire was made 322, but : | |twenty-two years elapsed before peace was concluded between the : | |contending claimants. : | | : | |_KINGDOMS AND STATES which arose upon the DIVISION OF THE : | |MACEDONIAN EMPIRE AT THE DEATH OF ALEXANDER THE GREAT._ : | | : | | /-----------------\ /-----------------\ /-----------------\ : | | =Macedonia= =Greece= =Thrace= : | +---------------------+---------------------+---------------------+ | |323. Perdiccas ap- :323-322. Lamian War; :323. LYSIMACHUS is : | |pointed regent; slain:Phocian at head of :appointed governor of: | |321. :affairs. Death of :Thrace. : | | :Demosthenes. : : | | : : : | | :321. Antipater, : : | |319. Polysperchon :regent of the empire.: : | |succeeds Antipater, : : : | |and proclaims liberty:317. Phocion put to : : | |to the Grecian :death by the Athe- : : | |cities. :nians. : : | | :Demetrius Phalereus : : | | :governs Athens. : : | | : : : | | :315. Cassander re- : : | | :builds Thebes. : : | | : :307. Lysimachus : | | :303. Demetrius :seizes the throne. : | | :Poliorcetes, general : : | |302. CASSANDER, king :of the Grecian :302. Invades Asia. : | |of Macedonia. :states, opposes : : | | :Cassander. : : | | : : : | |301. AFTER THE BATTLE OF IPSUS ALEXANDER’S EMPIRE WAS AGAIN | | |DIVIDED INTO FOUR CHIEF PARTS. | | +--------------------------------+--------------------------------+ | | =Macedonia= | =Greek States= | | =300= +--------------------------------+--------------------------------+ | |296. Death of Cassander. Quar- | | | |rels of his two sons, Antipater | | | |and Alexander. | | | | | | | |287. Demetrius expelled by |287. Athens revolts from | | |Pyrrhus. Lysimachus drives |Demetrius. | | |Pyrrhus out of Macedonia. | | | | | | | |283. Death of Demetrius. | | | | |281. Lysimachus defeated and | | | |slain by Seleucus. | | | | | | | |281. The ACHÆAN LEAGUE created. | | |280. Sosthenes ascends the |Lysimachus defeated and slain by| | |throne and liberates his |Seleucus in the battle of | | |country; but falls, 278. |Korupedion. | | | | | | |277. ANTIGONUS GONATAS, King of | | | =275= |Macedonia, descendant of one of | | | |Alexander’s generals, master of |274. Pyrrhus invades Macedonia, | | |all Greece except Sparta. |defeats Antigonas, and is pro- | | | |claimed king. | | | | | | | |272. Pyrrhus besieges Sparta and| | | |Argos--is slain, and Antigonus | | | |is restored. | | | |266. The Chremonidean War. | | | |Athens and Sparta allied in | | | |revolt against Macedonia. | +-------+--------------------------------+--------------------------------+