Part 67

+-------+---------------------+---------------------+---------------------+ |=B. C.=| =Hebrews= | =Babylonia-Assyria= | =Persians= | +-------+---------------------+---------------------+---------------------+ | | | =VI. The Assyrian | | | | | Empire.= | | | | | | | | =1100=| |1100-930. History of |1100. Formation of a | | |1040. SAMUEL, last of|Babylon of little |powerful empire in | | |the “Judges.” |importance until 600 |Bactria. Deeds of | | | |B. C. Assyria the |kings celebrated in | | | |great power of West- |the Shahnameh of | | | |ern Asia till the |Firdusi. | | | |rise of the New Baby-| | | | |lonian Empire after | | | | =III. Period of |the destruction of | | | | Monarchy= |Nineveh in 607 B. C. | | | | | | | | |1020. SAUL, king. | | | | |Jerusalem, the | | | | |capital of all | | | | |Israel. | | | | | | | | | =1000=|1000. DAVID, king. | |1000. Period of | | | | |_ZOROASTER_ and | | |977-937. SOLOMON, | |Zoroastrianism, was | | |king. Began building |930-640. _Brilliant |chief of the Magi, a | | |the temple about 973.|epoch of Assyria. A |priestly tribe of | | |Married a daughter of|period of conquest, |Media. | | |King Pasebkhanu II. |expansion, archi- | | | |of Egypt. |tecture, sculpture | | | | |and literary activi- | | | | =IV. Divided |ty._ | | | | Monarchy= | | | | | (937) | | | | | Judah and Israel | | | | =900= | | | | | | |886-858. Ashur-Nasir-| | | | |Pal. One of the | | | | |greatest Assyrian | | | | |kings. Extended the | | | | |empire. Moved the | | | | |government to Calah | | | | |(Nimrod) from Ashur. | | | | |Built a great palace | | | | |there. | | | | | | | | | |858-823. Shalmaneser | | | | |II. Ceaseless wars | | | | |made him master of | | | | |Western Asia. First | | | | |contact with Israeli-| | | | |tes. Jehu, King of | | | | |Israel, among those | | | | |who sent tribute. | | | | |Built palace at Calah| =I. Ancient Persian | | | |(Nimrod). Protector- | Period= | | | |ate over Babylon. | (836-640) | | | | | | | | |810-781. Ramari- | | | | |nirrari IV. captured | | | | |Damascus. Married | | | | |Babylonian princess | | | | |Semiramis. | | | =800= | | | | | | |745-727. Tiglath- | | | | |Pileser II. (Identi- |740. Western Iran | | |735-715. Ahaz became |cal with the king Pul|(Media and Persia) | | |tributary to Assyria.|of the Bible) made |subject to Assyria. | | |ISAIAH denounced the |Babylonia subject to | | | |alliance. |Assyria. | | | | | | | | | |728. END OF OLD | | | | |BABYLONIAN EMPIRE. | | | | | | | | | |727-722. Shalmaneser | | | | |IV. suppressed the | | | | |revolt of the Phœni| | | | | |cian cities and the | | | | |kingdom of Israel. | | | | +-------+ | | | | :722-705. SARGON II. conquered| | | |715-686. :Samaria and destroyed the | | | |Hezekiah. Be-:Kingdom of Israel. He re- | | | |gan religious:ceived tribute from Arabia, | | | |and social :Egypt, and Cyprus; suppressed| | | |reforms. :revolts in Armenia, Media and| | | | :Babylonia, and united the | | | | :latter with Assyria. | | | | : | | | | :705. SENNACHERIB. Invaded | | | =700= | :Judah. Palace at Nineveh and |700-600. Scythians | | | :library. |sweep over Media, | | | :Assyrian art most flourishing|Persia and Assyria. | | | :from Ninth to end of Seventh | | | | :Century. | | | | : | | | |681. ESARHADDON. Wars with Phœnicia, Cilicia, Edom, Medes, and | | |Arabs. Conquest of Lower Egypt. | | | : | | | | :668. ASHUR-BANI-PAL | =II. Period of the | | | :(Sardanapalus). Expelled | Median Empire.= | | | :Nubians from Egypt and es- | | | | :tablished his supremacy for a|655-633. Phraortes | | | :time. Best period of art. |united Media. | | | :Creation tablets and Deluge | | | | :tablets. Gyges, King of |640. Medes revolt | | | :Lydia, killed during a |from Assyria and es- | | | :revolt. |tablish the Median | | | | |Empire (640-558). | | | | | | | | | |633-593. CYAXERES, | | | |626. Assyrian power declining|with Nabopolassor of | | | |at death of Ashur-bani-pal. |Babylonia, capture | | | |NABOPOLASSOR, Assyrian gover-|Nineveh and destroy | | | |nor of Babylon, makes the |the Assyrian Empire. | | | |latter independent, and wars | | | | |against Assyria. | | | | | | | | | |610. Fall of Nineveh. END OF | | | | |ASSYRIAN EMPIRE, divided | | | | |among Medes and Babylonians. | | | | | | | | |608-597. |608. =New Babylonian Empire.=| | | |Jehoiakim. | | | | |JEREMIAH. |604-551. NEBUCHADNEZZAR II. | | | | |makes Babylonia the leading | | | | |nation of the East. Conquered| | | =600= | |Jerusalem (586) and subdued | | | | |Tyre (585). | | | | | +-----------+ | | | |_Splendid archi- |593-558. Astyoges, last King of | | |586. CAPTURE |tectural era at |Medes. Cyrus revolted, deposed | | |OF JERUSALEM |Babylon._ |the king, became king of Persia | | |by Nebuchad- | |and master of the East. | | |nezzar, | | | | |temple des- | | =II. Period of the Persian | | |troyed and | | Empire= | | |Jews made | | (558-330) | | |captive. | | | | | | |558-529. CYRUS, emperor. Con- | | | |555. NABONIDUS, |quered Crœsus, King of Lydia. | | | |father of the | | | | |Biblical Belshaz-| | | | |zar, great | | | | |builder and re- | | | | |storer of | | | | |temples. | | | | | | | | |539-538. War of Cyrus against the Babylonians. | | |538-332. |Babylon captured. The Babylonian Empire incorpo- | | |Palestine |rated with the Persian. | | |under Persian| | | |dominion. |529-522. CAMBYSES conquered Egypt by his victory at| | | |Pelusium. | | | | | | | |521-485. DARIUS son of Hystaspes was made king. | | |520-516. | | | |Temple re- |_Darius has special interest because he was first | | |built at |to extend Persian authority into Europe, and thus | | |Jerusalem. |paved the way for the subsequent invasion of | | | |Greece._ | | | | | | | |518. Revolt of Babylon, and destruction of that | | | |city after a twenty months’ siege. Indian campaign,| | | |in which the countries north of the Indus become | | | |subject to Persia. Indus the boundary of the | | | |empire. | | | | | | | |513. (?). Unsuccessful expedition of Darius against| | | |the Scythians with a land force of 700,000 men. | | | |Macedonia and Thrace tributary. | | | | | | =500= | |500-494. The Ionian colonies rebel, and are | | | |assisted by the Athenians, which gives rise to the | | | |Perso-Grecian wars and the national hatred between | | | |the two countries. | | | | | | | |499. Sardis burnt by the Ionians. =Grecian wars= | | | |follow. | | |According to | | | |Philo, the |494. The Greeks and their allies defeated in naval | | |history of |engagement at the island of Lade. | | |Judith and | | | |Holofernes |493-490. War of Darius against the European Greeks.| | |falls under |Revolt among the Egpyptians. | | |the reign of | | | |Artaxerxes. |492. First expedition, under Mardonius, unsuccess- | | | |ful. | | |Under the | | | |same king |490. Second expedition, defeated at Marathon by | | |lived Esther |Miltiades. | | |and Haman. | | | | |486. Egypt revolts and is not reduced to subjection| | | |until 484. | | | | | | | |485. Death of Darius. He was succeeded by his son | | | |XERXES. | +-------+-------------+---------------------------------------------------+

IV. FROM THE ACCESSION OF XERXES THE GREAT TO THE PERIOD OF THE PUNIC WARS, 485-264, B. C.

GREAT EVENTS OF THE PERIOD. 500-400: Zenith of Persia; and glorious century of Greece. Struggles of Patricians and Plebeians at Rome. 400-300: Decline and fall of Persia before Alexander the Great; Greek language and Greek civilization extended all through the Levant. Roman wars with the Samnites. Internal quarrels of the Romans diminish. 300-200: Semi-Greek Kingdoms built on the ruins of the Persian Empire; in Egypt the Ptolemies; in Syria, the Antiochi. Many Jews at Alexandria.