Part 65

+-------+---------------------+---------------------+ |=B. C.=| =Babylonia= | =Border Peoples= | | | (_Heb._ Shinar) | (East of Babylonia) | +-------+---------------------+---------------------+ | | =I. Sumerian Period=| | | | | | | =5000=|5000. Government in |Out of these tribes | | |Babylonia had reached|developed the | | |the form known as the|Elamites, Medes, | | |city state. The |Persians, and Hindus.| | |southern group of | | | |cities (known collec-| | | |tively as Sumer) com-| | | |prised Eridu, Lagash | | | |(Shirpurlo), Ur, | | | |Larsa, Uruk (Erech) | | | |and Isin: the north- | | | |ern group (known as | | | |Accad or Akkad) com- | | | |prised Agade (Accad),| | | |Sippar, Nippur, | | | |Kutha, and later | | | |Babylon. | | | | | | | =4000=|4000. =Lugalzaggisi= | | | |of Uruk, first great | | | |conqueror made expe- | | | |ditions to the Medi- | | | |terranean and north | | | |of Mesopotamia. | | | | | | | | =II. Semitic or | | | | Chaldean Period= | | | | | | | |3800. SARGON I. be- | | | |gins to rule. He and | | | |his son Naram-Sin, | | | |ings of Agade, extend| | | |their conquests to | | | |Armenia, Elam, Arabia| | | |and the Mediterra- | | | |nean. | | | |_These reigns were an| | | |early “Golden Age” of| | | |Babylonia._ | | | | | | | |3750. Naram-Sin built| | | |temple of Sun-god at | | | |Sippur. Fusion of | | | |Sumerians and Semites| | | |follows his reign. | | | | | | | =3000=|3000. The Kings of |3000. Assyria | | |Ur. Under this dynas-|(Asshur) founded by a| | |ty Ur became the seat|colony from | | |of government. |Babylonia. Niniveh | | |Temples were built in|also in existence. | | |both North and South.| | | | | | | |2800. GUDEA, priest- | | | |king, or governor of | | | |Lagash (Shirpurla or | | | |Tello) became the | | | |chief ruler. Built a | | | |palace, temples and | | | |statues of bronze. | | | | | | | |2600-2400. Dynasties | | | |of Isin and Larsa, | | | |respectively. This | | | |was a period of | | | |strife among the | | | |various centers. | | | | | | | =2500=| | | | |2400. First Babylo- |2400. Chedorlaomer, | | |nian dynasty. The |king of Elam, invades| | |South lost its polit-|South Babylonia. | | |ical power and the | | | |city of Babylon be- | | | |came for the first | | | |time the seat of | | | |government. | | +-------+---------------------+---------------------+

II. FROM THE AGE OF ABRAHAM TO THE RISE OF ASSYRIA, 2250-1100, B.C.

GREAT EVENTS OF PERIOD. Abraham becomes first great leader of the Hebrews. Egyptian revolt from the Shepherd Kings. New Egyptian empire. Rise of Assyria--originally settled by emigrants from Babylonia. Wars with Babylonia. Sidon, a Phœnician city, at its zenith. Phœnician colonies established round the Mediterranean. Advanced civilization in Crete. Exodus of the Hebrews from Egypt under Moses. Hittites rise to great power, contending equally with Egypt and Assyria.

+-------+---------------------+---------------------+---------------------+ |=B. C.=| =Greeks= | =Egypt= | =Hebrews and | | | | | Phœnicia= | +-------+---------------------+---------------------+---------------------+ | | | | =I. Patriarchal Age=| | | | | (2250-1200) | | =2500=| | | | | | |2250. Rise and |2250. Period of | | | |triumph of Thebes. |ABRAHAM, patriarch of| | | | |the Hebrews, who left| | | | |Ur, wandered north to| | | |=III. Middle Kingdom=|Horan and finally | | | | (Includes Dynasties |entered Canaan | | | | 11 to 17) |(Palestine). | | | | | | | =2000=|2000-1000. Achæans |2000-1788. This pe- |2000. Semitic emi- | | |and Greeks settle in |riod reached its |grants enter Phœni- | | |Greece proper, and |highest development |cia. | | |Ionians in Asia |in the Twelfth dynas-| | | |Minor. |ty, which was Theban.| | | | |Obelisks, public | | | | |works, regulation of | | | | |Nile, Lake Mœris, and| | | | |the Labyrinth belong | | | | |to this period. | | | |1800-1600. “Golden | |1800. Hiksos | | |Age” of Cretan ci- |1788-1580. The |(Hittites?) consoli- | | |vilization. Great |HYKSOS, or Shepherd |date Syrian power at | | |palace at Knossos |Kings, conquer Egypt |Kadesh and over-run | | |completed. |and rule about 100 |Egypt. | | | |years. The invaders | | | | |introduce the horse | | | | |into Egypt. Period of| | | | |comparative obscuri- | | | | |ty. | | | | | | | | | | =IV. The Egyptian | | | | | Empire= (Includes | | | | | Dynasties 18-20) | | | | | | | | | |1580. After the ex- | | | | |pulsion of the |1550. Phœnicia made | | | |Hyksos, Egypt was |tributary to Egypt. | | | |organized as a mili- | | | | |tary state. Syria was| | | | |conquered and made | | | | |tribute by 1500. | | | =1500=| | |1500-1220. Palestine | | | |1479-1447. Thutmose |under Egyptian | | | |III. rules at Thebes |domination. | | | |and the Empire in- | | | | |creased rapidly in | | | | |power and extent. | | | | |Egyptian fleet was | | | | |developed, temple at | | | | |Karnak erected. | | | =1400=|1400. Probable Myce- | | | | |næan invasion des- |1414-1383. AMENHOTEP | | | |troyed Cretan civili-|III., Great king, | | | |zation. |called the “Magnifi- | | | |1400-1300. Bloom of |cent.” Built temple | | | |the Agean and Myce- |at Luxor and else- | | | |næan civilization. |where. Tel-el-Amarna | | | | |Letters with Syria | | | | |and Babylon. | | | | | | | | | |1383-1365. AMENHOTEP | | | | |IV. Very important |1350. JOSEPH in | | | |reign. Official re- |Egypt. Hebrews settle| | | |ligion changed from |in Goshen. | | | |polytheism to mono- | | | | |theism; chief seat of| | | | |worship removed from | | | | |Thebes to Tel-el- | | | | |Amarna. Syria lost. | | | | | | | | | |1326-1300. SETI I. | | | | |Restorer of ancient | | | | |monuments; great | | | | |temple at Abydos; | | | | |began great hall at | | | | |Karnak; tomb in Val- | | | | |ley of Kings. | | | | | | | | =1300=| |1300-1234. RAMESES |1300. Period of | | | |II., the Great. Sub- |Sidon’s greatest | | | |dues Syria at Kadesh;|power. | | | |built temples at Abu | | | | |and Simbel; built | | | | |Pithom and Raamses. | | | | |Supposed Pharaoh of | | | | |the Israelite oppres-| | | | |sion. |1250. Oppression of | | | | |the Israelites. | | | |1234-1214. Merneptah | | | | |drove out foreign in-| | | | |vaders. Supposed | | | | |Pharaoh of the |1220. Exodus of the | | | |Exodus. |Israelites under | | | | |MOSES. | | | |1202-1171. RAMESES | | | =1200=|1200. Dorian invasion|III., greatest king | | | |ended the grand pre- |in twentieth dynasty.| | | |historic age of |Built temples at | | | |Greece. |Karnak and Medinet | | | | |Habu. Great naval | | | |1193-1184. TROJAN |battle at Pelusium. | | | |WAR. | | =II. Period of the | | | | =V. Decay of the | Judges= (1160-1020) | | | | Empire= (1150-525) | | +-------+---------------------+---------------------+---------------------+

+-------+---------------------+---------------------+ |=B. C.=| =Babylonia-Assyria= | =Border Peoples= | +-------+---------------------+---------------------+ | | =III. Early Babylo- | | | | nian Empire= | | | | (2250-1750) | | | =2500=| | | | |2250. HAMMURABI | | | |(Amraphel?), great | | | |ruler and lawgiver, | | | |united the whole of | | | |Babylonia. His code | | | |of laws one of the | | | |most important of | | | |Oriental discoveries.| | | |Under him Babylon | | | |reached high degree | | | |of culture. | | | | | | | |2100. Second Babylo- | | | =2000=|nian dynasty: lasted | | | |about 300 years. |1800-1500. Assyria | | | |ruled by patesis or | | | =IV. Kassite Period=|governors. | | | (1750-1150) | | | | | | | |1750. Third, or |1750. The Kassites, a| | |Kassite, dynasty of |mountain people north| | |foreign kings in |of Elam, subdue | | |power for nearly 600 |Babylonia. | | =1500=|years. |An Elamite dynasty | | | |with its capital at | | =1400=|1400. BURNABURIASH, |Susa, gave rise to | | |greatest of Kassite |the Persian nation | | |kings, established |(1750-836). | | |political relations | | | |with Egypt. Settled |1350. Great expansion| | |boundary with As- |of Assyria; capital | | |syria. See Tel-el- |removed from Asshur | | |Amarna Letters. |to Kalkhi (Ninevah). | | | | | | | =V. Period of | | | | Decline= (1300-745) | | | | | | | =1300=|1300. Kassites ab- | | | |sorbed into the Se- | | | |mitic population of |1275. Continuous | | |Babylonia. |struggle between As- | | | |syria and Babylonia. | | | | | | |1250-1210. Decline of|1250. King of Assyria| | |Babylonian power and |conquers Babylon and | | |rise of Assyria. |rules seven years. | | | +---------------------+ | =1200=| | | |1100. Babylon subjected by TIGLATH PILESER | | |I. of Assyria. Great expansion of Assyrian | | |empire. | +-------+-------------------------------------------+

III. FROM THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE ASSYRIAN EMPIRE TO THE TIME OF XERXES THE GREAT, 1100-485 B. C.

GREAT EVENTS OF PERIOD. 1100-1000: Heroic age of Greece; Hebrews reach their highest point of national power. Beginning of the Medo-Persian nations. Celts disperse over western Europe and into British Isles. 1000-900: Homeric age. Celts already in Britain, with bronze in use. Phœnician trade extended from Senegal to India. 900-800: Decline of Phœnician cities. 800-700: Ethiopian supremacy in Egypt. Assyrian conquests continue; Tiglath-Pileser III.; Sargon; Babylonia rises to height of its power. 700-600: Zenith and fall of Nineveh, and Assyrian empire. Media rises to power. Perhaps last migrations from the Aryan center--Teutonic and Slav races. 600-500: Zenith and fall of Babylon. Long reign of Nebuchadnezzar; he ravages Egypt. The seventy years’ captivity of Judah. Rise of Persia. Founding of the Roman republic. Establishment of democracy in Athens.