Part 259

Palladium 888 Percentage and Its Business Applications 870 Bank Discount 873 Commission 871 Exchange 874 Profit and Loss 871 Promissory Notes 872 Stocks and Bonds 876 Taxes and Taxation 877 Trade Discount 871 Pericardium 930 Periscope, The 905 Phosphorus 888 Physics and Chemistry, Outlines for Grade Schools 897 Physiology 925 _et seq._ Platinum 888 Potassium 888 Praseodymium 888 Profit and Loss 871 Promissory Notes 872 Property and Its Problems 964

=R=

Radium 888 Description of 894 History and, Properties 894-895 Medical Uses of 895 Red, Cross, Woman Founder 958 Respiratory System 931 Rhodium 888 Röntgen, or X-rays 921-923 Rubidium 888 Ruthenium 888

=S=

Samarium 889 Scandium 889 Science, Outline Course of Elementary 896-897 Science, Outlines, for Schools 896-897 Selenium 889 Silicon 889 Silver 889 Sodium 889 Special Senses: Hearing 933-935 Seeing 936-938 Smelling 940-941 Taste 939, 940, 941 Touch 941-942 Organs of: Ear 933-935 Eye 936-938 Hand 941-942 Nose 940-941 Tongue 939, 940, 941 Spinal Cord 932 Spinthariscope 895 Square Root 878 Starch 891 Steam Engines 898 Stocks and Bonds 876 Strontium 889 Submarines 904 How Equipped 906 Marvelous Mechanism 904 The Periscope 905 Torpedo Tube 906 Sulphur 889 Sympathetic System 932

=T=

Tables, Interest 874 Tantalum 890 Taxes and Taxation 877 Taxes: Customs 878 Table of Tax Values 878 Teeth and Their Names 933 Teeth, Permanent 933 Telegraph, Electric, Principle of 916 Tellurium 890 Terbium 890 Thallium 890 Thorax 930 Thorium 890 Thullium 890 Tin 890 Titanium 890 Torpedoes, How Launched by a Submarine 906 Trade Discount 871 Tungsten 890 Turbines, Steam 899

=U=

Uranium 890

=V=

Vanadium 890 Vocal Cords 931 Voice, Organ of 933

=W=

Wireless Telegraphy 917, 918, 919 Wireless Telephony 920

=X=

Xenon 891 X-rays 921-923

=Y=

Yeast 892 Ytterbium 891 Yttrium 891

=Z=

Zeppelins 903 Zinc 891 Zirconium 891 Zoology, Outlines for Grade Schools 896

Transcriber’s Notes:

General Notes

The different sections of the book were written by different authors; inconsistent spelling, lay-out, capitalisation, phonetics, use of ligatures and diacritics, spacing of abbreviations, transcription, punctuation, etc. have therefore been retained (incl. canon/canyon/cañon; Spencer/Spenser; i.e./i. e., A.D./A. D., etc.) except as mentioned below. The same applies to textual and factual inconsistencies and contradictions.

The order of entries in alphabetical lists is not always truly alphabetical; this has not been changed.

Indented paragraphs in this text indicate a different lay-out in the printed work, such as larger or smaller font size, different margins or indentation, etc. Not all of these differences have been indicated in this text.

The use of section headings in the printed work was not always unambiguous, nor was their hierarchy. Section headings (indicated by two blank lines in this transcription) in this text are therefore based on the printed book’s typography and on apparent logic, and may not reflect the authors’ intentions. Some sections have no section headings as such.

Several subjects mentioned in the various lists of contents are not present in the original work; similarly, several internal references do not exist.

In some of the larger tables, the relation between table elements has had to be surmised; the tables as presented here may therefore not fully reflect the authors’ intent.

For this text version, the larger tables have had to be split and/or re-arranged. For the comparison tables in particular, this means that some of the comparative information has been lost.

Specific Notes

Page 104-107, Table Identification of Minerals, See Plate I: there is no Plate I with figures of minerals in the original work.

Page 158, Flowers of the Wooded Pastures: the referenced Fig. 13 is not present in the original book.

Page 267, Book of Races and Peoples: various district names is probably an error for various distinct names.

Page 293, table Comparative Classification of Races and Peoples: Fellaheen, 5,000,000 ( ): the reason for the brackets is not clear.

Page 360, Fall of Judah and Babylonian Captivity: The history of the Jews during the Babylonish captivity: this was printed as a regular paragraph in the original book, but could have been intended as a heading for a section that was not included in the book.

Page 413, Table IX.: St. Francis of Assisi should probably have been printed in the columns Italy and Church.

Page 423, Table XI., column Ottoman Empire and Persia, War with Austria 1682-1699: possibly this should read 1593-1669 (the 1682 war is mentioned on page 425, Table XII.).

Page 442, table Principal Languages Spoken: The data for English and French are identical, which is probably an error. The totals and proportions are not in agreement with the tabulated data; since it is not clear which data are wrong, this has not been changed.

Page 448-452, Panoramic View of the River Rhine: texts inside the illustration have been copied outside the illustration.

Page 472-476, Table of the Sovereigns of England: There are some discrepancies between dates of birth and ages; not changed.

Page 474, Table of the Sovereigns of England: Edward VI., “Of a consumption”: as printed in original book.

Page 495, GERMANY: ... on a subsequent page: the table is given on the same page.

Page 497, Defense: reference to Armies and Navies of the World: not present in the original book.

Page 546, Under Peter the Great: reference to Peter the Great: unclear to which part of the text this refers, as there is no separate section on Peter the Great apart from this one.

Page 546, Napoleonic Period: reference to Alexander I. and Napoleon: unclear to which part of the text this refers, as there are no separate sections on Alexander I. and Napoleon.

Page 572, Turkey, or Ottoman Empire (table): population numbers do not add up to the total given (possibly the total should read 20,180,000); the meaning of the sentence directly underneath the table is not clear.

Page 573, Physical Features: reference to Asia Minor: there is no section on Asia Minor in the book.

Page 648, Democrats Restored ... Woodrow Wilson: there are two footnote anchors on this page in the printed book (before Farm Loan Banks and before From the very beginning of the European War), but no footnotes. The anchors have been deleted.

Page 714, Accent of Words: In the Book of Language and Literature primary and secondary accents are represented by =´= and ´, respectively. The print quality of the original work was not always sufficient to distinguish between the two variants.

Page 733, Asterism: the printed book shows two asterisms; possibly one of those was intended to be an inverted asterism.

Page 744, à rivederci: as printed in original work; not changed.

Page 745, carnichons: error for cornichons; not changed.

Page 753, recherche: possibly error for recherché; not changed.

Page 771, 18th century (Pepys): probably error for 17th century; not changed.

Page 783, Aldine Press: reference to Manutius: there is no other occurrence of Manutius in the book.

Page 788, Chriemhild or Kriemhild: reference to Kriemhild: this entry seems to reference itself.

Page 796, Folk: reference to Fairies: there is no entry Fairies (or Fairy) in the book.

Page 821-845, Pronouncing Dictionary of Myhtology: this section contains several references to entries that are not present in the work.

Page 856, Find the cost of 3230 bushels of wheat, at 72c per bushel: the calculation given is for 3230 pounds (with 60 pounds per bushel).

Page 857, Long or Linear Measure: reference to Metric System: not present in the book.

Page 878, Tax Table, Explanation of Table: the entry for $10,000 is not present in the table.

Page 894, Describe radium and its special properties: the printed book uses subscripts as exponents; not changed.

Page 763-764, Norman-French Period and Elizabethan and Puritan Period: there is no description of the period between these two (1400-1559) in the original work.

Changes and corrections made

Obvious minor punctuation and typographical errors have been corrected silently.

Regularly printed scientific names have been italicised for consistency.

Some diacritical symbols on French and German words have been corrected or added for consistency.

Some phonetics have been corrected or completed where this was important for their pronunciation, this has not been done for consistency.

Illustrations and tables have been moved out of the text when they were printed inside paragraphs; footnotes have been moved to directly underneath the paragraph or table to which they belong.

Various pages: Pharoah has been changed to Pharaoh.

Comparative History of Nations: several entries have been moved to maintain the given chronological order.

Indicator letters have been added to some pronouncing dictionaries for consistency.

Page iv PD.D. changed to PH.D. (Susan Chase) Page ix Mother-Play Sons changed to Mother-Play Songs Page 10 Vanderwolker changed to Vanderwalker Page 15 diagrams Keppler’s Laws: right and left in caption changed to bottom and top, respectively; moves round the run changed to moves round the sun Page 27 Pullox changed to Pollux Page 37 Pullox changed to Pollux Page 49 Age Fishes changed to Age of Fishes Page 62 Cypress changed to Cyprus Page 67 severally shaken changed to severely shaken Page 75 Pebblshire changed to Peeblesshire; Chevoit changed to Cheviot Page 85 internal changed to interval Page 106 row Orthoclase, 2nd column: repeated mention of Feldspar deleted Page 108 Ship dip changed to Sheep dip Page 150 Minulus luteus changed to Mimulus luteus; 4 inches changed to 4 weeks (Giant Spider Plant) Page 151 Colhicum changed to Colchicum Page 162 a common tree changed to is a common tree Page 182 Dicotoledons changed to Dicotyledons Page 195 does not effect changed to does not affect Page 250 Red Poles changed to Red Polls Page 252 recenants changed to revenants Page 255 Chevoit changed to Cheviot Page 256 large of “lard” changed to large or “lard” Page 258 botlong, changed to both long.; fois-gras changed to foie-gras Page 273 Early Iron Age: 100 to 500 B.C. changed to 1000 to 500 B.C. Page 312 Caucuses changed to Caucasus Page 316 Lake Mœ is changed to Lake Mœris Page 317 604-651 changed to 604-551 Page 318 Perides changed to Pericles Page 322 Asdrubal changed to Hasdrubal for consistency Page 332 B. C. changed to A. D. (table header) Page 333 B. C. changed to A. D. (table header) Page 341 Crete lost the Arabs changed to Crete lost to the Arabs Page 342 See pages 000, 000 changed to See page 351 (description of the sphinx) Page 343 Header EXTINCT NATIONS OF THE PAST added as in tables of contents Page 349 the good Anubis changed to the god Anubis Page 382 LATER HISTORY OR changed to LATER HISTORY OF Page 397 At Alexander changed to At Alexandria Page 398 SEPIDUS changed to LEPIDUS Page 410 Entries for Danish Kings and Canute the Great placed in chronological order; Rhœtia changed to Rhætia Page 420 Frances defeated changed to Francis defeated Page 427 1756-1763 changed to 1754-1763; 1678 changed to 1768 Page 428 Prussia and Austria, 1711 changed to Prussia and Austria, 1781 Page 438 Fallierès changed to Fallières Page 440 Poincarè changed to Poincaré Page 442 table Area and Population: 7.05 changed to 7.55, 48.02 changed to 48.20, 29.9 changed to 28.2; table Religious Population: 36,000,000 changed to 36,600,000; 58,270,000 changed to 158,270,000; 125,000,000 changed to 25,000,000 Page 443 Poincare changed to Poincaré; Vagiravudn changed to Vagiravudh Page 446 Orœfa changed to Oræfa Page 463 Axon changed to Avon Page 464 Chantry changed to Chantrey Page 471 table (entry Mauritius): Executive and Councils changed to Executive and Legislative Councils Page 473 table (entry King John): 199 changed to 1199 Page 492 Marsla-Tour changed to Mars-la-Tour Page 525 Placenza changed to Piacenza Page 562 are said to be abundance changed to are said to be abundant Page 571 Rhœto-Romanic changed to Rhæto-Romanic Page 662 One of more changed to One or more Page 669 Caspé changed to Gaspé Page 693 Decclea changed to Decelea Page 696 Jan van Olden, Barneveldt changed to Jan van Oldenbarneveldt Page 700 Chattanooga, Georgia changed to Chattanooga, Tennessee Page 701 (Bosworth Field): 1845 changed to 1485; (Siege of Calais): =English= vs. =French= changed to =English= vs. French Page 702 kon-stan-nō´pl changed to kon-stan-ti-nō´pl Page 703 zhe-mäk´ changed to zhe-mäp´; Hōchst changed to Höchst Page 705 nü´pö changed to ma´pö Page 709 Texel: † added Page 734 paragraph * Name-making ... moved up one paragraph Page 741 5th ◡ changed to ― (Iambic pentameter) Page 742 desprit changed to d’esprit Page 743 albuon changed to al buon Page 750 sono multi changed to sono muti (also in phonetics) Page 751 mennière changed to meunière (and moved to proper alphabetical place) Page 752 petits fois changed to petits pois (also in phonetics) Page 753 enchef changed to en chef Page 754 tâche sans tâche changed to tâche sans tache Page 770 Ecclestical changed to Ecclesiastical Page 775 Rosetti changed to Rossetti Page 778 effected changed to affected; Calvanism changed to Calvinism Page 780 Bigelow changed to Biglow Page 799 Whence these storied changed to Whence these stories Page 802 Kadr, Al changed to Kadir, Al Page 810 chantler changed to cantler Page 816 Altorf changed to Altdorf Page 847 Amphlon changed to Amphion Page 853 7/9 + 4 changed to 7/9 × 4; 1-11/27 changed to 1-11/24 Page 854 .564 changed to 564 (in first multiplication) Page 855 $43.35 changed to $4.35 as in calculation Page 859 For, changed to For example, Page 882 (3) inserted before Metathetical Page 885 M. P. 272° changed to M. P. -272° (Helium) Page 886 ZuS changed to ZnS (zinc blende) Page 887 MgSO₄, 7N₂O changed to MgSO₄, 7H₂O Page 888 CaH₄(PO₄)₂ changed to CaH₂(PO₄)₂ Page 891 B. P. 109° changed to B. P. -109° (Xenon) Page 894 N₄H.OH changed to NH₄OH Page 998 Petsal changed to Petsai