Part 237

+------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+ | =Cen-|=Religion and Moral | =Government= | =Literature= | | tu- | Reform= | | | | ries=| | | | | |Founders of Systems,| Rulers, Military | Poets, Dramatists, | | |Great Leaders, Heads| Leaders, Statesmen,|Historians, Orators,| | |of Religious Bodies,| Publicists, |Essayists, Novelists| | | Moral and Humane | Diplomats, Jurists | | | | Reformers | | | +------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+ | =4000|Abraham, Heb. |Menes, Egyptian |Literature existed | | B. C.|patriarch. |king. |in mere fragments | | to | | |until the time of | | 1000 |MOSES, Heb. lawgiver|Lugulzaggisi, Baby- |Homer. | |B. C.=|and leader. |lonian ruler. | | | | | |HOMER, Greek poet. | | |Samuel, Heb. judge |Sargon I., Babylo- |Ptah-hot-ep, Egypt, | | |and leader. |nian king. |moralist. | | | | | | | |ZOROASTER, Persian |Hammurabi, Babylo- | | | |religious leader and|nian ruler and law- | | | |reformer. |giver. | | | | | | | | | |Khufu (Cheops), | | | | |Egyptian king. | | | | | | | | | |Thothmes I., Egyp- | | | | |tian king. | | | | | | | | | |Thothmes III., | | | | |Egyptian king and | | | | |reformer. | | | | | | | | | |Rameses II. | | | | |(Sesostris), Egyp- | | | | |tian king. | | | | | | | | | |Amenhotep IV., Egyp-| | | | |tian king. | | +------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+ | =1000|Isaiah, Hebrew |David, Hebrew king |... | | B. C.|prophet (8th century|and poet (10th | | | to |B. C.) |century B. C.) | | | 700 | | | | |B. C.=| |Solomon, Hebrew king| | | | |(10th century B. C.)| | +------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+ | _7th |Jeremiah, Hebrew |Josiah, king of |Sappho, Greek | | Cent.|prophet. |Judah. |poetess. | |B. C._| | | | | |Daniel, Hebrew |Cyaxeres, king of | | | =700 |prophet. |Media. | | | B. C.| | | | | to | |Draco, Greek legis- | | | 600 | |lator. | | |B. C.=| | | | +------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+ | _6th |Ezekiel, Hebrew |Nebuchadnezzar, |Æesop, Greek | | Cent.|prophet. |king of Babylonia. |fabulist. | |B. C._| | | | | |CONFUCIUS, Chinese |Solon, Greek law- |Anacreon, Greek | | =600 |moralist. |giver. |poet. | | B. C.| | | | | to |BUDDHA, founder of |Pisistratus, tyrant |ÆSCHYLUS, Greek | | 500 |Buddhism. |of Athens. |poet. | |B. C.=| | | | | | |Croesus, king of | | | | |Lydia. | | | | | | | | | |Cyrus the Great, | | | | |Persian king. | | | | | | | | | |Darius I., king of | | | | |Persia. | | +------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+ | _5th |... |Xerxes, king of |Pindar, Greek poet. | | Cent.| |Persia. | | |B. C._| | |Xenophon, Greek | | | |Hiero, tyrant of |historian. | | =500 | |Syracuse. | | | B. C.| | |HERODOTUS, Greek | | to | |Artaxerxes I., king |historian. | | 400 | |of Persia. | | |B. C.=| | |Euripides, Greek | | | |Artaxerxes II., king|poet. | | | |of Persia. | | | | | |SOPHOCLES, Greek | | | |Miltiades, Greek |poet. | | | |general. | | | | | |Thucydides, Greek | | | |PERICLES, Greek |historian. | | | |statesman. | | | | | |Aristophanes, Greek | | | |Cimon, Greek comman-|humorist. | | | |der. | | | | | | | | | |Themistocles, Greek | | | | |statesman. | | +------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+ | _4th |... |Philip, king of |DEMOSTHENES, Greek | | Cent.| |Macedon. |orator. | |B. C._| | | | | | |ALEXANDER THE GREAT,|Æschines, Greek ora-| | =400 | |Greek conqueror. |tor. | | B. C.| | | | | to | |Ptolemy Soter, |Menander, Greek | | 300 | |governor of Egypt. |comic poet. | |B. C.=| | | | | | |Seleucus Nicator, | | | | |king of Syria. | | | | | | | | | |Epiminondas, Greek | | | | |statesman and | | | | |general. | | | | | | | | | |Phocion, Greek | | | | |general. | | +------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+ | _3rd |... |Pyrrhus, Greek king |Plautus, Roman comic| | Cent.| |of Epirus. |poet. | |B. C._| | | | | | |Ptolemy (Phil), king|Ennius, Roman poet. | | =300 | |of Egypt. | | | B. C.| | |Manetho, Egyptian | | to | |Antiochus Soter, |historian. | | 200 | |king of Syria. | | |B. C.=| | |Bion, Greek poet. | | | |Ptolemy (Ever.), | | | | |king of Egypt. | | | | | | | | | |Antiochus the Great,| | | | |king of Syria. | | | | | | | | | |Scipio Africanus, | | | | |Roman general. | | | | | | | | | |Fabius Maximus, | | | | |Roman general. | | | | | | | | | |Philopœmen, Greek | | | | |general. | | | | | | | | | |HANNIBAL, Carthagi- | | | | |nian general. | | +------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+ | _2nd |... |Judas Maccabæus, |Cato, Roman histo- | | Cent.| |Jewish leader. |rian. | |B. C._| | | | | | |Marius, Roman |Terence, Roman comic| | =200 | |general. |writer. | | B. C.| | | | | to | |Sulla, Roman |Polybius, Greek his-| | 100 | |general, dictator. |torian. | |B. C.=| | | | | | |Cato, Roman censor. | | | | | | | | | |Mummius, Roman | | | | |general. | | +------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+ | _1st |=JESUS CHRIST=, born|Mithridates the |CICERO, Roman ora- | | Cent.|4 B. C. |Great, king of |tor. | |B. C._| |Pontus. | | | | | |Cæsar, Roman histo- | | =100 | |Cleopatra, queen of |rian. | | B. C.| |Egypt. | | | to | | |Lucretius, Roman | | 1 | |Herod the Great, |poet-philosopher. | |A. D.=| |king of Judæa. | | | | | |Catullus, Roman | | | |Tigranes I., king of|lyric poet. | | | |Armenia. | | | | | |Sallust, Roman his- | | | |Augustus, first |torian. | | | |Roman emperor. | | | | | |VIRGIL, Roman epic | | | |JULIUS CÆSAR, Roman |poet. | | | |general. | | | | | |Horace, Roman lyric | | | |Pompey, Roman |poet. | | | |general. | | | | | |Livy, Roman histo- | | | | |rian. | +------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+ | _1st |Saint Peter, apostle|AUGUSTUS CÆSAR, |LIVY (Titus Livius),| | Cent.|(?-66). |first emperor of |Roman historian (59 | |A. D._| |Rome (B. C. 63-A. D.|B. C.-17 A. D.). | | |SAINT PAUL, apostle |14). | | | =1 |of the Gentiles | |CAIUS CORNELIUS | | A. D.|(10?-65?). | |TACITUS, Roman his- | | to | | |torian (55?-after | | 100 | | |117?). | |A. D.=| | | | | | | |PLUTARCH, Greek bio-| | | | |grapher and moralist| | | | |(49?-120?). | +------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+ | _2nd |... |MARCUS AURELIUS |Lucian, Greek author| | Cent.| |ANTONINUS, Roman |(120?-200) | |A. D._| |emperor and philos- | | | | |opher (121-180). | | | =100 | | | | | A. D.| | | | | to | | | | | 200 | | | | |A. D.=| | | | +------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+ | _3rd |... |CONSTANTINE I., the |... | | Cent.| |Great, emperor of | | |A. D._| |Rome (272-337). | | | | | | | | =200 | | | | | A. D.| | | | | to | | | | | 300 | | | | |A. D.=| | | | +------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+ | _4th |Sophronius Eusebius |... |... | | Cent.|Jerome, Latin father| | | |A. D._|(345?-420). | | | | | | | | | =300 |SAINT AUGUSTINE, | | | | A. D.|Numidian bishop of | | | | to |Hippo (354-430). | | | | 400 | | | | |A. D.=| | | | +------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+ | _5th |... |JUSTINIAN I., Byzan-|... | | Cent.| |tine emperor (482?- | | |A. D._| |565). | | | | | | | | =400 | | | | |A. D. | | | | | to | | | | | 500 | | | | |A. D.=| | | | +------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+ | _6th |MOHAMMED, founder of|... |... | | Cent.|Mohammedanism (571?-| | | |A. D._|632). | | | | | | | | | =500 | | | | | A. D.| | | | | to | | | | | 600 | | | | |A. D.=| | | | +------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+ | _7th |... |Heraclius, Byzantine|... | | Cent.| |emperor (reigned | | |A. D._| |610-641). | | | | | | | | =600 | |Abu-Bekr, first | | | A. D.| |caliph of Mecca | | | to | |(571?-635). | | | 700 | | | | |A. D.=| | | | +------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+ | _8th |... |HAROUN AL-RASHID, |Bede, the Venerable,| | Cent.| |caliph of Bagdad |English monk and ec-| |A. D._| |(reigned 786-809). |clesiastical histo- | | | | |rian (672?-735?). | | =700 | |CHARLEMAGNE, or | | | A. D.| |Charles I., emperor |Flaccus Albinus | | to | |of the West and king|Alcuin, English | | 800 | |of France (742-814).|theologian (725?- | |A. D.=| | |804). | | | |Pepin, Le Bref (the | | | | |Short), king of the | | | | |Franks (714?-768). | | | | | | | | | |CHARLES MARTEL, duke| | | | |of Austrasia (694- | | | | |741). | | +------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+ | _9th |... |ALFRED THE GREAT, |... | | Cent.| |king of the West | | |A. D._| |Saxons (849?-901). | | | | | | | | =800 | |AL-MAMUN, or Al- | | | A. D.| |Mamoun, caliph of | | | to | |Bagdad, philosopher | | | 900 | |and astronomer (786-| | |A. D.=| |833). | | +------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+ | _10th|... |HUGH CAPET, king of |Firdusi, Persian | | Cent.| |France (940?-996). |poet (died 1020). | |A. D._| | | | | | |OTHO I., THE GREAT, | | | =900 | |emperor of Germany | | | A. D.| |(912-973). | | | to | | | | | 1000 | | | | |A. D.=| | | | +------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+ | _11th|GREGORY VII., pope |WILLIAM I., THE CON-|... | | Cent.|(1018?-1085). |QUEROR, king of En- | | |A. D._| |gland (1027-1087). | | | | | | | | =1000| | | | | A. D.| | | | | to | | | | | 1100 | | | | |A. D.=| | | | +------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+ | _12th|SAINT BERNARD, |Richard I., Cœur de |William of Malmes- | | Cent.|French ecclesiastic |Lion, king of En- |bury, English histo-| |A. D._|(1091-1153). |gland (1157-1199). |rian (1095?-1143). | | | | | | | =1100|Thomas à Becket, |Frederick I., Barba-| | | A. D.|archbishop of |rossa, emperor of | | | to |Canterbury (1117- |Germany (1121-1190).| | | 1200 |1170). | | | |A. D.=| | | | | |Peter Lombard, | | | | |Italian theologian | | | | |(1100?-1160?). | | | +------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+ | _13th|SAINT FRANCIS OF |Genghis Khan, Mogul |DEGLI ALIGHIERI | | Cent.|ASSISI, Italian |conqueror (1163- |DANTE, Italian poet | |A. D._|friar (1182-1226). |1227). |(1265-1321). | | | | | | | =1200|Saint Dominic, or |Simon de Montfort, | | | A. D.|Domingo de Gusman, |Earl of Leicester | | | to |Spanish founder of |(1200?-1265). | | | 1300 |the order of Domini-| | | |A. D.=|cans (1170-1221). |LOUIS IX., Saint | | | | |Louis, king of | | | | |France (1215-1270). | | +------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+