Part 152

+-------+--------------------------------+--------------------------------+ |=Dates=| =Spanish Explorers and Rulers= | =Portuguese Explorers and | | | | Rulers= | +-------+--------------------------------+--------------------------------+ | |=Ferdinand and Isabella, 1474- |=Emanuel I., the Great, 1469- | | |1516.= |1521.= | | | | | | =1492=|1492. CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS, an | | | |Italian, supported by Ferdinand | | | |and Isabella, set sail from | | | |Palos, Spain (August 3), and | | | |discovered America (October 12),| | | |landing at one of the Bahamas, | | | |which he named San Salvador. | | | |During the following three | | | |months he visited the islands of| | | |Cuba and Hayti. | | | | | | | |1498. Columbus made a THIRD | | | |voyage, discovering the island | | | |of Trinidad and the mainland of | | | |South America, near the mouth of| | | |the Orinoco River. | | | | | | | |1499-1507. Amerigo Vespucci |1499. VASCO DA GAMA DOUBLED THE | | |wrote a letter to a friend |CAPE OF GOOD HOPE AND REACHED | | |claiming to have discovered a |INDIA. Another route to India | | |part of the South American coast|was thus revealed. | | |in 1499, and an account of this | | | =1500=|voyage was published. The new |1500. Cortereal, a Portuguese, | | |continent, therefore, was named |explored the coast from Labrador| | |after him by the German geo- |to Nova Scotia. | | |grapher Waldseemüller, who had | | | |read the account. | | | | | | | |1502. Columbus made a FOURTH | | | |voyage. He explored the coast of| | | |Central America and Panama, re- | | | |turned to Spain discouraged and | | | |died four years later in the | | | |belief that he had discovered | | | |India by sailing west. | | | =1510=| | | | |1512. PONCE DE LEON, seeking a | | | |legendary fountain of youth, | | | |DISCOVERED FLORIDA, so named be-| | | |cause he landed on Easter Sun- | | | |day, the Spanish “Feast of | | | |Flowers.” | | | | +--------------------------------+ | |1513. BALBOA crossed the Isthmus| =French Explorers and Rulers= | | |of Panama and discovered THE +--------------------------------+ | |PACIFIC, which he took posses- | | | |sion of, with its coast and | | | |islands, for Spain. | | | | | | | |=Charles I. of Spain and Charles| | | |V. of Germany, Emperor. 1516- | | | |1556.= | | | | | | | |1519-1521. CORTEZ CONQUERED |=Francis I., 1515-1547.= | | |MEXICO for Spain. This conquest | | | |led to the establishment of | | | |Spain’s Empire in the new world.| | | |The mines brought great wealth | | | |to Spain and formed thebasis of | | | |Spanish prosperity in the | | | |following years. | | | | | | | =1520=|1520. MAGELLAN, a Portuguese in | | | |Spain’s service, discovered the | | | |strait named after him. He | | | |reached and named the PACIFIC | | | |OCEAN. | | | | | | | |1521. Magellan discovered the | | | |PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. His fol- |1524. VERRAZANO, sailing in the | | |lowers, after his death, con- |service of France, traced the | | |tinued westward and completed |American coast northward from | | |the first circumnavigation of Cape Fear, and discovered New | | |the globe in 1522. |York harbor. | | =1530=| | | | | |1535. Cartier, in search of a | | |1539. Coronado and a force of |northwest passage, ascended the | | |Spaniards marched northward from|St. Lawrence to Lachine Rapids | | |Mexico to Colorado and Kansas |and Mont Réal (Montreal). | | =1540=|and discovered the GRAND CANON | | | |OF THE COLORADO RIVER. |1541. Roberval and Cartier made | | | |an unsuccessful attempt to es- | | |DE SOTO, at the same time, led |tablish a French colony on the | | |an army of about a thousand into|St. Lawrence. | | |northwest Florida. HE REACHED | | | =1550=|THE MISSISSIPPI in 1541. | | | | | | | |=Philip II., 1556-1598.= | | | =1560=| |=Charles IX., 1560-1574.= | | | | | | | |1562. Jean Ribault establishes a| | | |Huguenot settlement at Port | | | |Royal. | | | | | | |1565. The Spaniards, under |1565. The Huguenot settlement | | |MENENDEZ, founded ST. AUGUSTINE,|destroyed by Menendez. | | |Florida. | | | =1570=| | | | =1580=| | | | |1582. Spanish monks planted | | | |missions in New Mexico and | | | |Arizona. | | | =1590=| | | | |1598. A Spanish settlement was |=Henry IV., 1589-1610.= | | =1600=|planted by OÑATE near SANTA FE, | | | |New Mexico. |1603. CHAMPLAIN entered the St. | | | |Lawrence. THE FRENCH OCCUPATION | | | |OF CANADA began with Champlain. | | | |His maps, reports, and settle- | | | |ments stimulated French enter- | | | |prise. | | | | | | | |1605. Champlain founded PORT | | | |ROYAL (Annapolis, N. S.), and | | | |sailed in an exploring expedi- | | | |tion as far south as Cape Cod. | +-------+--------------------------------+--------------------------------+

+-------+--------------------------------+--------------------------------+ |=Dates=| =English Explorers and Rulers= | =European Events= | +-------+--------------------------------+--------------------------------+ | |=Henry VII., 1485-1509= | | | =1492=| |1492. End of the Moorish domin- | | | |ion in Spain. Death of Lorenzo | | | |de Medici, the “Magnificent” at | | | |Florence. | | | | | | | |1494. Beginning of a series of | | |1497. JOHN CABOT, an Italian in |Italian wars, lasting till 1539.| | |the service of Henry VII. of | | | |England discovered the coast of | | | |NORTH AMERICA, probably at | | | |Labrador. He was accompanied by | | | |his son, Sebastian. | | | | | | | |1498. Sebastian Cabot, on a | | | |SECOND voyage, probably explored|1499. The Swiss gain their inde-| | |the Atlantic coast from Labrador|pendence from the Emperor | | |to Carolina. These voyages were |Maximilian. | | =1500=|not followed by any attempt at | | | |colonization. |1502. Outbreak of war between | | | |France and Spain in Italy. | | =1510=| | | | | |1511. Pope Julius II. forms the | | | |Holy League against France and | | | |Spain. | | | | | | | |1513. James IV. of Scotland in- | | | |vades England, and is killed at | | | |battle of Flodden Field. | | |=Henry VIII., 1509-1547.= | | | | |1515. Wolsey appointed Chancel- | | | |lor by Henry VIII. of England. | | | | | | | |1519. The German Empire, Spain, | | | |Netherlands, Two Sicilies and | | | |the Spanish Indies united under | | | |Charles V. | | =1520=| | | | | |1521. Beginning of the wars be- | | | |tween Charles V. of Germany and | | | |Francis I. of France. | | | | | | |1527. Captain John Rut explores |1527. Expulsion of the Medici | | |the coast of North America. |from Florence. | | =1530=| | | | | |1535. Henry VIII. of England | | | |assumes the title of supreme | | | |head of the Church in England. | | | | | | =1540=| |1543. England enters into an | | | |alliance with Charles V. against| | =1550=| |France. | | =1560=|=Elizabeth 1558-1603.= | | | | |1562. Beginning of the Huguenot | | =1570=| |wars. | | |1576-1578. FROBISHER, in the | | | |interest of England, made three | | | |attempts to find a northwest | | | |passage to Asia. | | | | | | | |1578. DRAKE explored the Pacific| | | =1580=|coast as far north as the state | | | |of Washington. He had previously|1581. Declaration of indepen- | | |doubled Cape Horn. He claimed |dence by the Dutch. | | |the land for England. | | | | |Queen Elizabeth was financially | | |1583. HUMPHREY GILBERT landed at|interested in many of the expe- | | |St. John’s, Newfoundland, and |ditions which followed, and she | | |took possession of the country |knighted most of the men who | | |for England. |commanded expeditions. | | | | | | |1584. SIR WALTER RALEIGH sent | | | |out an expedition under Captain | | | |Arthur Barlow. The expedition | | | |landed at Pamlico Sound and the | | | |region was named VIRGINIA in | | | |honor of Elizabeth. | | | | | | | |1587. Raleigh despatched another|1587. Execution of Mary, Queen | | |expedition, consisting of two |of Scots. | | |ships with one hundred and fifty| | | |men and women, to Roanoke |1588. Battle of the Spanish | | |Island. John White was the |Armada. | | =1590=|Governor. Virginia Dare, the | | | |first white child born in Ameri-|1595. France declares war | | |ca, was born here. |against Spain. | | =1600=| | | | |1602. GOSNOLD, an English mer- | | | |chant, made a settlement at | | | |Buzzard’s Bay, R. I. | | | | | | | |=James I., 1603-1625.= | | | | | | | |1603. Martin Pring enters the | | | |present harbor of Plymouth. |1604. Charles IX. ascends throne| | | |of Sweden. | | | | | | | |1606. In England there was orga-| | | |nized the VIRGINIA COMPANY for | | | |the purpose of establishing | | | |trading colonies in America. | +-------+--------------------------------+--------------------------------+

=II. THE COLONIAL PERIOD OF UNITED STATES HISTORY, INCLUDING ITS SETTLEMENT (1607 TO 1689); AND ITS CONSOLIDATION (1689 TO 1763)=

The real history of the United States begins with this period. Within it the original Thirteen Colonies were established; New England and Virginia grew in influence and population; the Indian power in the East was subdued; the Colonies increased in strength and self-reliance, and the struggle between England and France for control of the New World was settled in favor of the English.