Part 13

+-----------------------------+-------+----------------+-------------+ | |=Length| | =Area of | | =RIVER= | in | =Emptying Into=| Drainage in | | |Miles= | |Square Miles,| | | | | etc.= | +-----------------------------+-------+----------------+-------------+ |Mississippi-Missouri (United | 4,330 |Gulf of Mexico | 1,245,000 | |States) | | | | |Nile (Egypt) | 3,500 |Mediterranean | 1,050,000 | |Amazon (Brazil): the only | 3,300 |At Ocean on the | 2,700,000 | |large river with direct | |Equator | | |latitudinal course | | | | |Yangtze-Kiang (China) | 3,000 |Yellow Sea | 548,000 | |Congo (Central Africa) | 2,900 |Atlantic Ocean | 1,430,000 | |Lena (Russia in Asia) | 2,800 |Arctic Ocean | 856,000 | |Amur (Russia in Asia) | 2,800 |Gulf of Saghalin| 772,000 | |Mekong (Indo-China) | 2,800 |China Sea | Nav. 200 | | | | | miles | |Yenisei (Russia in Asia) | 2,700 |Bay of Yenisei | 1,000,000 | |Niger (West Africa) | 2,600 |Atlantic Ocean | 808,000 | |Hoangho (China) | 2,500 |Gulf of | 376,400 | | | |Pe-Chi-Li | | |Obi (Russia in Asia) | 2,300 |Gulf of Obi | 1,125,000 | |Plata-Parana (Argentina and | 2,300 |Atlantic Ocean | 2,300,000 | |Brazil) | | | | |Mackenzie (Canada) | 2,300 |Arctic Ocean | 676,000 | |Volga (Russia in Europe) | 2,200 |Caspian Sea | 560,000 | |St. Lawrence (United States | 2,200 |Gulf of St. | 500,000 | |and Canada) | |Lawrence | | |Yukon (Alaska) | 2,200 |Behring Sea | 500,000 | |Indus (India) | 2,000 |Arabian Sea | 373,000 | |Sao Francisco (Brazil) | 1,800 |Atlantic Ocean | 249,000 | |Sir Daria (Turkestan) | 1,800 |Sea of Aral | 175,000 | |Brahmaputra or Burrampooter | 1,800 |Bay of Bengal | Nav. 800 | |(India) | | | miles | |Rio Grande del Norte (U. S. | 1,800 |Gulf of Mexico | 240,000 | |and Mexico) | | | | |Danube (Austria-Hungary) | 1,780 |Black Sea | 311,000 | |Saskatchewan-Nelson (Canada) | 1,732 |Hudson Bay | 730,000 | |Euphrates (Turkey in Asia) | 1,700 |Persian Gulf | 260,000 | |Zambesi (East Africa) | 1,600 |Indian Ocean | 800,000 | |Ural (Russia in Europe) | 1,500 |Caspian Sea | 85,000 | |Arkansas (United States) | 1,500 |Mississippi | 181,000 | | | |River | | |Orinoco (Colombia and | 1,500 |Atlantic Ocean | 364,000 | |Venezuela) | | | | |Ganges (India) | 1,500 |Bay of Bengal | 409,000 | |Amu (Turkestan) | 1,400 |Sea of Aral | 174,000 | |Columbia (United States) | 1,400 |Pacific Ocean | 260,000 | |Dnieper (Russia in Europe) | 1,400 |Black Sea | 203,000 | |Murray (Australia) | 1,400 |Indian Ocean | 351,000 | |Don (Russia in Europe) | 1,300 |Sea of Azov | 166,000 | |Orange (S. W. Africa) | 1,200 |Atlantic Ocean | 370,000 | |Irawaddy (East India) | 1,200 |Indian Ocean | Nav. 800 | | | | | miles | |Colorado (United States) | 1,100 |Gulf of | 250,000 | | | |California | | |Senegal (West Africa) | 1,100 |Atlantic Ocean | 270,000 | |Tigris (Turkey in Asia) | 1,000 |Euphrates and |Nav. general-| | | |Persian Gulf |ly for small | | | | | boats | |Ohio (United States) | 970 |Mississippi | 201,000 | | | |River | | |Churchill (Canada) | 900 |Hudson Bay | Nav. by | | | | | canoes | |Magdalena (Colombia) | 840 |Caribbean Sea | Nav. 600 | | | | | miles | |Rhine (Germany) | 800 |North Sea | 76,000 | |Cambia (West Africa) | 750 |Atlantic Ocean | Nav. 300 | | | | | miles | |Elbe (Germany) | 720 |North Sea | 57,000 | |Fraser (British Columbia) | 650 |Gulf of Georgia |Nav. general-| | | | |ly for small | | | | | boats | |Vistula (Germany, Poland) | 600 |Baltic Sea | 120,000 | |Sacramento (United States) | 600 |Pacific Ocean | Nav. 300 | | | | | miles | |Tagus (Portugal) | 570 |Atlantic Ocean | 32,000 | |Paranahiba (Brazil) | 530 |Atlantic Ocean | Nav. 400 | | | | | miles | |Guadiana (Spain) | 510 |Mediterranean | 32,000 | | | |Sea | | |Rhone (France) | 500 |Gulf of Lyons | 38,000 | |Seine (France) | 480 |English Channel | 30,000 | |Ebro (Spain) | 470 |Mediterranean | 32,000 | | | |Sea | | |Susquehanna (United States) | 450 |Chesapeake Bay | Not | | | | | navigable | |Potomac (United States) | 450 |Chesapeake Bay | Nav. to | | | | | Washington, | | | | | D. C. | |Oder (Germany) | 440 |Baltic Sea | 43,000 | |Po (Italy) | 420 |Adriatic Sea | 29,000 | |Garonne (France) | 380 |Bay of Biscay | 33,000 | |Hudson (United States) | 350 |New York Bay |Nav. to Troy;| | | | | 150 miles | |Loire (France) | 200 |Bay of Biscay | 25,000 | |Thames (England) | 200 |North Sea | 5,250 | +-----------------------------+-------+----------------+-------------+

DELTAS AND ESTUARIES. Owing to local peculiarities at the mouths of rivers, accumulations of sedimentary matter take place in the middle of the stream, dividing it into two or more branches. By these depositions _deltas_ (so called from the Greek letter (Δ) delta) are formed--many of them, as those of the Mississippi and Orinoco and of the Rhine and the Ganges, being of great extent. Some rivers fall into the ocean through _estuaries_ or wide channels, and are subject to a great swell or sudden rise of the waters when the tide enters.

Most rivers are subject to an occasional, and in some instances to a periodical increase of volume. These seasons of flood are by no means regular, being partly dependent on the melting of the snows, and partly on occasional heavy falls of rain; and hence depend on the climatic variations of the country in which rivers originate.

=FAMOUS MOUNTAIN AND OTHER ELEVATIONS OF THE WORLD=

NOTE: The numbers refer back to the Picture Diagrams on the preceding page.