Part 108

+-------+---------------------+---------------------+---------------------+ |=A. D.=| =Holland, Belgium, | =France= | =Italy and Church= | | | Switzerland, | | | | | Scandinavia= | | | +-------+---------------------+---------------------+---------------------+ | |1872. One thousandth | | | | |anniversary of king- |1873. Marshal Mac- | | | |dom of Norway cele- |Mahon, president. | | | |brated. | | | | | |1874. Death of | | | =1875=|Death of Charles XV. |Guizot. | | | |of Sweden, succeeded | |1878. Death of Victor| | |by Oscar II. Coinage |1879. Jules Grevy, |Emmanuel II. Humbert,| | |made uniform in Den- |president. |king. Death of Pius | | |mark, Sweden and | |IX. Leo XIII., pope. | | |Norway. | | | | -1880=| | |1882. Death of | | | | |Garibaldi. | | | | | | | | | |1885. War with | | | | |Abyssinia. | | | | | | | | |1887. Sadi-Carnot, |1887. Alliance of | | | |president. |Italy with Austria- | | | | |Hungary and Germany | | =1890=|1890. Holland: |1890. War with |signed. Crispi, prime| | |William III. of the |Dahomey. |minister. | | |Netherlands dies, and| | | | |is succeeded by his | | | | |daughter, Wilhelmina,| | | | |under the regency of | | | | |her mother. | | | | | | | | | |1891. Switzerland: | |1891. Treaty of Italy| | |Celebration of the |1892. Panama |with Great Britain | | |six hundredth anni- |scandals. |relative to East | | |versary of the foun- | |Africa. | | |dation of the Swiss | | | | |Confederacy. | |Triple Alliance | | | | |renewed. | | | | | | | |1893. Belgium: Uni- | |1893. Pope’s Jubilee | | |versal suffrage in | |at Rome. | | |combination with | | | | |plural voting | | | | |established. | | | | | | | | | |1894. Denmark: Fall |1894. President | | | |of the Estrup minis- |Carnot assassinated | | | |try, succeeded by a |at Lyons. M. Casimir-| | | |cabinet under Reeds- |Perier, president. | | | |Thott. | | | | | |Captain Dreyfus tried| | | | |and imprisoned. | | | | | | | | | |1895. President | | | |1896. Belgium: Inter-|Casimir-Perier re- |1896. Peace with | | |national Bimetallic |signs. M. Felix |Abyssinia. | | |Congress assembles at|Faure, president. | | | |Brussels. | |Italy abandons claims| | | |Death of PASTEUR. |to a protectorate | | |1897. Ten-hour law | |over that country. | | |for railway employes | | | | |passed. |1898. Review of |1898. Pope offers to | | | |Dreyfus case granted.|mediate in the Cuban | | | | |question. | | | | | | | =1900=| | |1900. Assassination | | |1901. The Norwegian |1901. Diplomatic re- |of King Humbert of | | |Parliament confers |lations with Turkey |Italy. Victor | | |the franchise in mu- |suspended. |Emmanuel III., king. | | |nicipal and communal | | | | |elections on women |1902. M. Combes forms| | | |tax-payers. |a new French | | | | |ministry. | | | |Marriage of Queen | | | | |Wilhelmina of the |1903. Dreyfus case |1903. Death of Pope | | |Netherlands to Duke |reopened. President |Leo XIII. Pope Pius | | |Henry of Mecklenberg-|Loubet visits King |X. | | |Schwerin. |Edward. | | | | | | | | | |1904. Arbitration |1904. King and queen | | | |treaties with Hol- |of Italy visit En- | | | |land, Spain, Sweden, |gland. | | | |Norway and the United| | | | |States. Bill for | | | | |separation of church | | | | |and state introduced.| | | | | | | | |1905. Norway: Haakon |1905. The Moroccan |1905. The railway | | |VII., king. |situation grows in |bills passed in | | | |complexity. |Italy. | | | | | | | |1906. Death of King |1906. M. Fallières, |1906. Sonnino, | | |Christian of Denmark.|president. The church|premier. | | |Norway and Sweden in-|controversy. The | | | |dependent kingdoms. |Pope’s encyclical. |International exhibi-| | | |M. Sarcien, premier. |tion at Milan. | | |The crown prince of | | | | |Denmark is proclaimed| | | | |King Frederick VIII. | | | | | | | | | |The Belgian Chamber | | | | |votes in favor of | | | | |annexing the Congo | | | | |Free State. | | | | | | | | | |1907. Death of Oscar |1907. Wine growers’ |1907. Italy signs | | |II. of Sweden. Gustav|agitation. French |arbitration treaty | | |V., king. Norwegian |occupation of |with Argentina. | | |Parliament votes to |Morocco. | | | |grant the suffrage to| | | | |about three hundred | | | | |thousand women, based| | | | |upon a property | | | | |qualification. | | | | | | | | | |1909. Belgium: Albert| | | | |I., king. | | | | | | | | | =1910=|1910. Denmark: |1910. Briand cabinet |1910. Decree issued | | |Christian X., king. |resigned. |by the king of Greece| | | | |for a revision of the| | | | |constitution. | | | | | | | | |1911. New ministry |1911. Second Parlia- | | | |formed by premier. |ment assembles. | | | | | | | | | |1911-1912. War with | | | |1913. Raymond |Turkey over Tripoli. | | | |Poincaré inaugurated | | | | |president. | | | | | | | | |=Greatest European War in History begins with the British Empire,| | |France, Russia, Belgium, Japan, Servia, Italy, Portugal and | | |Roumania on one side, and Germany, Austria-Hungary, Turkey and | | |Bulgaria on the other.= | | | | | | | | |1914. A new political| | | | |party is formed to be| | | | |known as the | | | | |Briandist. Joins | | | | |Great Britain and | | | | |Russia in war upon | | | | |Teutonic Alliance. | | | | | | | | |1915. Holland con- |1915. The Viviani |1915. Italy joins the| | |tinues her policy of |coalition ministry |Triple Entente in the| | |strict neutrality. |resigned. Immense war|war. Declares war on | | | |loans successfully |Bulgaria. | | |Belgium passes under |floated. | | | |the military rule of | | | | |Germany. | | | | | | | | | |1916. Frequent |1916. Verdun is suc- |1916. Italian milita-| | |Belgian protests |cessfully defended |ry movements ineffec-| | |against German mili- |against violent |tive on the Austrian | | |tary rule. Many |assaults of the Ger- |frontier. A change of| | |Belgians deported to |manic forces. Gen. |ministry forecasted. | | |Germany as a military|Joffre is succeeded | | | |measure. |as commander-in-chief| | | | |of the French army by| | | | |General Petain. | | | | | | | | | |A war council suc- | | | | |ceeds the general | | | | |ministry. | | | | | | | | | |1917. France joins |1917. Conference of | | | |Great Britain in re- |Entente Allies held | | | |jecting the Kaiser’s |in Rome. | | | |peace overtures. | | | | | |Much discontent in | | | |Ex-premier Viviana |Italy over the war. | | | |and General Joffre | | | | |sent to United States| | | | |as members of the | | | | |Allied War Council. | | +-------+---------------------+---------------------+---------------------+