ii. 216, 217;

is censured for the tone of his condemned sermon before Fauntleroy, 254.

COURVOISIER, his execution, ii. 245; scenes at, 245; crowded and fashionable congregation to hear his condemned sermon, 262; and enormous crowd to see him hanged, 263; discovery of the murder, 348; apprehension, trial, confession, and conviction, 348-353.

COWDAY, Walter, keeper of Newgate, charges against, i. 162.

CRABBE'S account of the burning of Newgate, i. 470-472.

'CRAFTSMAN,' prosecution of the, for libel, ii. 57.

CRAWFORD, Mr., inspector of prisons, i. 19.

CRAWFORD, Mr. William, one of the prison inspectors, appointed--his antecedents, ii. 189; his labours, 190, _et seq._

CRIME, summary of state of, in first half of 18th century, i. 322, _et seq._; cause of the prevalence of, 330; drunkenness, 331; gaming, 332, _et seq._; efforts made by the benevolent for the repression of, 337, 338; various typical cases of crime, 339, _et seq._ See _Crimes and Criminals_.

CRIMES AND CRIMINALS, ii. 2-68; state of crime at the opening of the present Newgate, 2-4; evidence of Mr. Townsend, a Bow Street runner, on the subject, 3, 4; ruthless nature of the penal code, 4-6; efforts of Sir Samuel Romilly to ameliorate it, 5; their ultimate success, 6; forgery a capital crime, 6; effects of this on the general public, 6; the Bank of England the most implacable prosecutor of forgers, 7; strong feeling against these prosecutions, 8; early forgers, 9-22; clipping a capital crime, 22; two early clippers, 22-24; coining, 24; enormous extent to which it was carried, 24; five kinds of silver money and two of copper, 26, 27; number of persons prosecuted in a given time, and nature of their punishment, 27; little security for life or property, 28; the watchmen, their character, duties, and remuneration, 28; Bow Street runners, their number, duties, and remuneration, 29; rewards offered for the conviction of criminals, 29 and _n._; injurious effect of this on the police, 29; impunity with which robberies were committed, 31; and attacks in the public streets, 31, 32; the doings of Renwick Williams, "the monster," 32; robbing at levees, 33; career of George Barrington, 33-35; prevalence of highway robbery, 36; suppressed in the neighbourhood of the metropolis by the horse patrol, 36, 37; transportation, 37; increase of swindlers and sharpers, 38; doings of some of the principal, 38-42; general increase in juvenile depravity, 45-47; dens of young thieves, 47; moral contamination of the prison, 48; instances of juvenile precocity in crime, 49, 50; offering a girl for sale, 50, 51; resurrection men and their doings, 51; brutality of popular amusements, 52; prize-fighting and its aristocratic patrons, 53, 54; the perils of free speech, severity of the Press laws, 54-62; frauds on the Exchequer, 62-64; decoying seamen from the Navy, 64, 65; statistics as to number of criminals in Newgate, 66-68; diminution in certain kinds of crime, 275; fewer street robberies, 275; corresponding increase in other crimes, 275; fraud, forgeries, jewel and bullion robberies, and great commercial frauds, 276; offences against the person confined to murder and manslaughter, 276; another form of crime--attempts against the sovereign, 277; other forms of treason--the Cato Street conspiracy, 278; its hero (Thistlewood), inception, frustration, and punishment, 278-284; attempts on the life of George III, 284; Margaret Nicholson, 284; and Hatfield, 284; on William IV., 284; John Collins, 284; and on the Queen, 285-293; Oxford, 285-289; Francis, 289-291; Bean, 291; Pate, 292; increase in the crime of forgery, 294; Fauntleroy, 294-300; Captain Montgomery, 301, 302; the Quaker, Joseph Hunton, 302; Richard Gilford, 304; Maynard, the last who suffered death for forgery, 304; the capital punishment for forgery abolished, 305; robberies--the burglary at Lambeth Palace, 312; at Grimaldi and Johnson's in the Strand (£6000 worth of watches), 312; attempt of Howard to rob Mr. Mullay in a house in Red Lion Square, 312, 313; attempt to rob Mr. Gee, a solicitor, in a house in York Street, Commercial Road, 314-317; career of Ikey Solomons, a notorious fence, or receiver, 317-321; bullion robbery from the Custom House in 1834, 321, 322; robbery of diamonds, 322-325; burglaries, 325; gold-dust robbery, 325; discovery of the perpetrators, who had cheated each other, 326, 327; murders--of Mr. Weare by Thurtell, Hunt, and Probert, 328, 329; of the Italian boy and others by Bishop and Williams, 330-333; of Mrs. Brown by Greenacre, 333-336; increase in crimes of fraud, 338; Beaumont Smith's false Exchequer bills, 338; wilful shipwreck of heavily-insured ships, 338; the case of the Wallaces and the 'Dryad,' 338-341; another clerical forger--Rev. W. Bailey, 341; forgery of wills by W. H. Barber, a solicitor, and Joshua Fletcher, a surgeon, 341-343; Bank of England defrauded of £8000 by one of its clerks named Burgess, 343-345; burglaries, 345; robbery at Lord Fitzgerald's, in Belgrave Square, 345; of plate from clubs by a member, 346; of diamonds by a sea captain, 347; murderers--Courvoisier, 348-353; Good, 354-356; Hocker, 356-359; an epidemic of murders, 359; the Mannings, 359-367; Marley, 367-369; Cannon, for a murderous attack on a police constable, 370, 371; Mobbs ("General Haynau"), for murder, 371; and Barthelemy for murder, 371; gigantic frauds, 371; embezzlement of £71,000 by W. Watts, a clerk in the Globe Assurance Company, 371-375; commits suicide in Newgate, 375; frauds of R. F. Pries, corn merchant, with bills of lading, 376; of J. W. Cole, Maltby and Co., and Davidson and Gordon with dock warrants, 377-379; of Messrs. Strahan, Paul, and Bates with securities deposited with them, 379-382; of Robson with false certificates on the Crystal Palace Company, 382-386; of Leopold Redpath with fictitious stock on the Great Northern Railway, 386-390; the great gold robbery on the South-Eastern Railway, 390-395; the forgeries of J. T. Saward and his confederates, 395-398; murderers and their demeanour after condemnation, 424-429; poisoning and poisoners, 431, _et seq._; Palmer, 432-439; Dove, 439; Dr. Smethurst, 439-441; Catherine Wilson, 441-443; piracy and murder--the 'Flowery Land' pirates, 444-448; Müller, 448-452; Sattler 428, 453; wholesale forgeries of Wagner and Bateman, and their confederates, 454-456; and Burnett, Buncher, and Griffiths, 456-460; Cummings, the resurrectionist and coiner, 460-462; will forgeries of William Roupell, 462-465; diamond robbery by the Tarpeys, 465; the wholesale forgery of acceptances by the Bidwells, Macdonell, and Noyes, 466-469; some of the most recent cases of murder, 469-472; the 'Lennie' mutineers, 472, 473; a few smaller celebrities, 473.

CRIMINAL literature, i. 317-321; cause of the demand for, 322.

CRIMINAL side of Newgate, description of, ii. 92, _et seq._

CROUCHES, the, punished for offering their niece for sale, ii. 50.

CHOWDER, keeper of Newgate in 1580, inquiry into the conduct of, i. 94.

CROWE, Christopher, case of, a prisoner in Newgate, i. 103.

CRUDEN, Alexander, his labours in Newgate, ii. 126.

CUCKING-STOOL, the, 242.

CUMMINGS, resurrectionist and coiner, ii. 460-462.

CUTPURSES, mode of training, in old London, i. 88; cutpurses and coney-catchers, 123-129.

DAGOE, Hannah, dreadful scene at the execution of, i. 270.

DALLEY, Daniel, petition on behalf of, and his passengers, i. 130.

DAMIENS, the doom of, i. 248.

DANCE, George, architect of the present Newgate, i. 14, 461.

DANGERFIELD, the informer, his crime and punishment, i. 194.

'DARVELL GATHEREN,' a wooden image worshipped by the Welsh, i. 73.

DAVIDSON, Mr. A., imprisoned for frauds on the Exchequer, ii. 62, 63; occupies a room in the keeper's house at a rent of thirty guineas a week, 100.

DAVIDSON, one of the Cato Street conspirators, ii. 283.

DAVIS, Vincent, murderer, i. 362.

DAY, Alexander, his career as swindler, ii. 39.

DEBTORS' Hall, Newgate, i. 155.

DEBTORS, state of, in early times, i. 2; in 1813, 17; they are transferred from Ludgate to Newgate, 54; thence back to Ludgate, 55; condition of, in Newgate in time of Henry VIII., 69, 70; accommodation for, in Newgate, 150-152, 153-157; they are almost starved to death, 427; the male debtors' side of Newgate, ii. 68; the female debtors' side, 69; statistics of the number of writs issued and arrests made for debt in 1802, 74; amounts owing, and expenses incurred in recovering, 74, 75; courts for the recovery of debts, 75; injustice of the City Courts of Requests, 75-77; a prisoner for a penny, 77; condition of debtors in the King's Bench Prison, 78-80; in the Fleet, 80-82; in the Marshalsea, 82-84; in the Compters of Ludgate, Giltspur Street, and the Borough, 84, 85; state of, in Newgate, 85; garnish and other extortionate fees exacted from, 85-87; wretched condition of, for food, bedding, and fire, 88, 89; uncleanness and overcrowding amongst, 89; how order was preserved, 90; White Cross Street Prison is erected to relieve Newgate, 91.

DECAPITATION, the punishment of, i. 255.

DEFOE in the pillory, i. 237.

DENNIS, John, the hangman, heads the Lord George Gordon rioters, i. 467.

DIAMONDS, robbery of, in 1834, ii. 322-325; by a sea captain, 347; by the Tarpeys, 465.

DIGNITIES, punishment for speaking evil of, i. 110.

DIGNUM, David James, his career as swindler, ii. 41.

DISSECTION, bodies of murderers given for, ii. 265, 266; abolition of the practice, 265, 266.

DODD, Dr., career of, ii. 12; forges a bond for £4200, 14; extraordinary efforts made to save him, 15; Lord Mansfield's opposition, 16 _n._; his execution, 17.

DRUNKENNESS, prevalence of, a great cause of crime, i. 331.

DRURY, Sir Robert, Lord Mayor, i. 58.

'DRYAD,' case of the wilful shipwreck of the, for the heavy insurance, ii. 338-341.

DUBLIN "engine of death," or gallows, description of, ii. 235.

DUNDONALD, Lord, sentenced to the pillory, i. 239.

DUVAL, Claude, the highwayman, account of, i. 175-177.

EDMONSON, Mary, story of the execution of, ii. 121-124.

EDMUNDS, Christina, the poisoner, ii. 471.

EDWARD I., great penal statute of, i. 27.

EDWARD IV., his great charter to the citizens of old London, i. 44.

EDWARD VI., nature of the prisoners in his reign, i. 86-89.

EDWARDS, conviction of, for attempt to rob Mr. Gee, a solicitor, ii. 314-317.

EDWARDS, the informer in the Cato Street conspiracy, ii. 282.

EGREMOND, Lord, in Newgate, i. 26.

ELDER, a horse-dealer, assists in defrauding the Bank of England, ii. 343-345.

ELIZABETH, Queen, religious and political prisoners in her reign, i. 89-92.

ELLWOOD, Mr., his description of Jack Ketch's kitchen, Newgate, i. 155 _n._

ELY Gaol, barbarous mode of securing prisoners in, i. 429.

"ENGLAND, Young," account of the imaginary association so called, ii. 287-289.

ERSKINE. Mr., defends Lord George Gordon, i. 475.

ESCAPES from Newgate, i. 286-316; early instances of, 288-293; methods of, 290, _et seq._; Sir Nicholas Poyntz's, 290; Edward Lunsford's, 290, 291; Jack Sheppard's, 294-300; Daniel Malden's, 301-308; George Flint's, 308; attempt of Scott, a highwayman, 309; Jacobite escapes, 309, _et seq._; attempt of Mr. Barlow of Burton Hall, 309; Mr. Forster's, 311; Brigadier Macintosh's and others, 312; George Budden's, 313; Mr. Ratcliffe's, 314-316; attempt of C. T. White, 339; of John Williams, 400; daring and successful escape of H. Williams, 401-404; various successful and unsuccessful attempts at, 404-409; last attempt at, 409.

"EVIL May-day" rising of the City prentices against foreign workmen, i. 64-67.

EXCHEQUER, frauds on the, ii. 62-64; by Mr. A. Davidson, 62; and Mr. V. Jones, 63.

EXCHEQUER bills, altering and counterfeiting of, i. 348.

EXECUTIONERS, list of early, i. 278; their bungling performances, 279. See _Hangmen_.

EXECUTIONS, early public, i. 10-12; first at Tyburn, 10; then at Newgate, 12.

'EXECUTIONS, The History of,' i. 321.

EXECUTIONS, i. 231-285; early forms of punishment, 232, _et seq._; branding, 232; mutilation, 233; the pillory, 235-240; the stocks, 240; the cucking-stool, 242; the branks, 245; whipping, 245; variety of capital punishments, 247, _et seq._; the doom of Damiens, 248; and of Ravaillac, 249; drowning, 250; pressing to death, 250; decapitation, 255; strangulation, 256; places of execution in London, 256; Tower Hill, 257; Smithfield, 257; Tyburn, 258; account of the execution of Colonel Turner in Leadenhall Street, 260-263; Pepys' account of, 261; the crowds that attended these exhibitions, 264, _et seq._; execution of the murderers of Mr. Thynne in Pall Mall, 264; George Selwyn's craving for, 265; scenes on execution day, 267, _et seq._; brutal treatment of the condemned by the mob, 268; scene at Jack Sheppard's execution, 268; demeanour of the doomed after sentence, 269, _et seq._; examples of this--Paul Lewis, 269; John Rann (Sixteen String Jack), 269; Dick Turpin, 270; Nathaniel Parkhurst, 270; Jerry Abershaw, 270; Hannah Dagoe, 270; drink and tobacco given to the condemned on their way to the gallows, 271; behaviour of Lord Ferrers, 272; and John Ayliffe, 272; disregard of the condemned for religious consolation, 273; duties and privileges of the ordinary, 273, _et seq._; Dow's bequest for tolling a bell by St. Sepulchre's for the condemned on their way to execution, 275; and addressing an admonition to them, 276; executioners and their office, 277; bungling performances of, 279; instances of resuscitation, 279-282; the place of execution changed from Tyburn to Newgate, 282-285; all executions not at first at Newgate, 232; one at Charlotte Street, Rathbone Place, 232; one at Hatton Garden, 232; three at Execution Dock, on the Thames, 233; the Old Bailey gradually monopolizes the dread business, 233; first executions there, 233, 234; description of the new gallows, 234, 235; the Dublin "engine of death," 235, 236; Phoebe Harris (last instance) burned to death, 236, 237; the change of the place of execution works no improvement in the conduct of the mob, 237; scene at the execution, and last moments of Governor Wall, 238-241; execution of Holloway and Haggerty, 241; shocking catastrophe and loss of life at, 242, 243; of Bellingham, 244; of Fauntleroy, 245; and of Courvoisier, 245; scenes at, 245; description of an execution, 246-249; treatment of the condemned after sentence and up to execution, 249, _et seq._; Gibbon Wakefield on the treatment of the condemned, 252-254; the Recorder's report, 252; the ordinary censured for the condemned sermon before Fauntleroy, 254; Gibbon Wakefield's account of the Sunday service when the condemned sermon was preached, 255-260; his description of another religious service--the formal thanks of the reprieved, 260-262; crowded and fashionable congregation to hear Courvoisier's condemned sermon, 262; and dense crowd to see him hanged, 263; capital punishment abolished for a number of offences formerly so visited, 264; dissection of the bodies of murderers, 265, 266; abolition of the practice, 265, 266; exhibition of the bodies of dead criminals, 266-268; those of Clench and Mackay, 267; that of Williams, the murderer of the Marrs, 267; the custom of hanging in chains, 268; shocking exhibitions at executions, 269; that of Charles White, executed for arson at Newgate, 270; Luigi Buranelli, 271; and William Bousfield, 271; objections to Calcraft's method of hanging, 272; his antecedents and habits, 272; expense of obtaining a hangman, 273; account of Calcraft and his "short drop" system, 411-415; and of Marwood and his "long drop" system, 415, 416; demoralizing effects of public executions, 416, _et seq._; scenes at the execution of the 'Flowery Land' pirates, 417; and at that of Müller, 417-419; Parliamentary proceedings for the abolition of public executions, 420; legally abolished in 1868, 421; last public execution at Newgate, that of the Fenian, Michael Barrett, for complicity in the Clerkenwell explosion, 421; the first private execution was at Maidstone Gaol, 429; the first at Newgate--Alex. Mackay, for the murder of his mistress, 422; private executions not popular with the Newgate officials, 423; demeanour of the condemned, 424, _et seq._; that of Wainwright, 426; of Catherine Wilson, 427; of Kate Webster, 427; of Marley, 427; of Christian Sattler, 428; many attempt to destroy themselves, 429.

FAIRS, privilege of holding, granted to the citizens of old London, i. 42-44; Southwark Fair, 44.

FARNHAM, Richard, case of, prisoner in Newgate, i. 105.

FARO'S daughters, i. 335, 336.

FARRAR, Captain, for counterfeiting the king's seal, case of, i. 191.

FAUNTLEROY, execution of, ii. 245; ordinary of Newgate censured for the tone of the condemned sermon preached before him, 254; history of his career, 294-300; an Italian, named Angelini, offers to be executed in his stead, 299.

FELLS, Mr., keeper of Newgate, charges against, i. 163.

FELTON, John, execution of, i. 89.

FEMALE debtors' side of Newgate, ii. 69.

FEMALE felons' side, Newgate, ii. 72.

FEMALES, brutal punishment of, in early times, i. 242-246.

FENN, Rev. Peter, executed for forgery, ii. 257.

FERNHAM, Adam, keeper of Newgate in 1373, i. 43 _n._

FERRERS, Lord, execution of, i. 272; his body taken to Surgeons' Hall for dissection, ii. 265.

FIELDING on the increase of robberies in London, i. 326; his raid against gamesters, 333.

FIFTH Monarchy men in Newgate, i. 195.

FINCH, Sir Heneage, Attorney-General, i. 58.

FIRE in Newgate, exemplary conduct of the keeper at a, i. 448.

FISHER, Bishop of Rochester, i. 72.

FITZGERALD, Lord, robbery of his plate-chest, ii. 345.

FLEET Prison, condition of debtors in, ii. 80-82.

FLETCHER, Joshua, transported for forging wills, ii. 341-343.

FLINT, George, his escape from Newgate, i. 308.

'FLOWERY LAND' pirates, the, executed for piracy and murder, ii. 417, 444-448.

FLOYDE, Edward, imprisoned for speaking evil of James I.'s daughter, i. 110.

FORDE, Rev. Brownlow, ordinary of Newgate, notice of, ii. 127-130.

FOREIGN workmen, "Evil May-day" rising of the City prentices against, i. 64-67.

FORGERY AND FORGERS--forging by Government officials and others, i. 348-350;