Chapter 20

【第一章】子張曰、士、見危致命、見得思義、祭思敬、喪思哀、其可已矣。 【第二章】子張曰、執德不弘、信道不篤、焉能為有、焉能為亡。 CHAP. I. Tsze-chang said, 'The scholar, trained for public duty, seeing threatening danger, is prepared to sacrifice his life. When the opportunity of gain is presented to him, he thinks of righteousness. In sacrificing, his thoughts are reverential. In mourning, his thoughts are about the grief which he should feel. Such a man commands our approbation indeed.' CHAP. II. Tsze-chang said, 'When a man holds fast to virtue, but without seeking to enlarge it, and believes right principles, but without firm sincerity, what account can be made of his existence or non-existence?'

【第三章】子夏之門人問交於子張。子張曰、子夏云何。對曰、子夏曰、可 者與之、其不可者拒之。子張曰、異乎吾所聞、君子尊賢而容眾、嘉善而矜 不能、我之大賢與、於人何所不容、我之不賢與、人將拒我、如之何其拒人 也。 【第四章】子夏曰、雖小道、必有 CHAP. III. The disciples of Tsze-hsia asked Tsze-chang about the principles that should characterize mutual intercourse. Tsze-chang asked, 'What does Tsze-hsia say on the subject?' They replied, 'Tsze-hsia says:-- "Associate with those who can advantage you. Put away from you those who cannot do so."' Tsze-chang observed, 'This is different from what I have learned. The superior man honours the talented and virtuous, and bears with all. He praises the good, and pities the incompetent. Am I possessed of great talents and virtue?-- who is there among men whom I will not bear with? Am I devoid of talents and virtue?-- men will put me away from them. What have we to do with the putting away of others?' CHAP. IV. Tsze-hsia said, 'Even in inferior studies and employments there is something worth being looked at; but if it be

可觀者焉、致遠恐泥、是以君子不為也。 【第五章】子夏曰、日知其所亡、月無忘其所能、可謂好學也已矣。 【第六章】子夏曰、博學而篤志、切問而近思、仁在其中矣。 【第七章】子夏曰、百工居肆、以成其事、君子學以致其道。 attempted to carry them out to what is remote, there is a danger of their proving inapplicable. Therefore, the superior man does not practise them.' CHAP. V. Tsze-hsia said, 'He, who from day to day recognises what he has not yet, and from month to month does not forget what he has attained to, may be said indeed to love to learn.' CHAP. VI. Tsze-hsia said, 'There are learning extensively, and having a firm and sincere aim; inquiring with earnestness, and reflecting with self-application:-- virtue is in such a course.' CHAP. VII. Tsze-hsia said, 'Mechanics have their shops to dwell in, in order to accomplish their works. The superior man learns, in order to reach to the utmost of his principles.'

【第八章】子夏曰、小人之過也、必文。 【第九章】子夏曰、君子有三變、望之儼然、即之也溫、聽其言也厲。 【第十章】子夏曰、君子信而後勞其民、未信、則以為厲己也、信而後諫、 未信、則以為謗己也。 【十一章】子夏曰、大德不踰閑、 CHAP. VIII. Tsze-hsia said, 'The mean man is sure to gloss his faults.' CHAP. IX. Tsze-hsia said, 'The superior man undergoes three changes. Looked at from a distance, he appears stern; when approached, he is mild; when he is heard to speak, his language is firm and decided.' CHAP. X. Tsze-hsia said, 'The superior man, having obtained their confidence, may then impose labours on his people. If he have not gained their confidence, they will think that he is oppressing them. Having obtained the confidence of his prince, one may then remonstrate with him. If he have not gained his confidence, the prince will think that he is vilifying him.' CHAP. XI. Tsze-hsia said, 'When a person does not transgress the boundary line in the great virtues, he may pass and repass it in the small virtues.'

小德出入可也。 【十二章】【一節】子游曰、子夏之門人小子、當洒掃、應對、進退、則可 矣、抑末也、本之則無、如之何。【二節】子夏聞之曰、噫、言游過矣、君 子之道、孰先傳焉、孰後倦焉、譬諸草木、區以別矣、君子之道、焉可誣也、 有始有卒者、其惟聖人乎。 CHAP. XII. 1. Tsze-yu said, 'The disciples and followers of Tsze-hsia, in sprinkling and sweeping the ground, in answering and replying, in advancing and receding, are sufficiently accomplished. But these are only the branches of learning, and they are left ignorant of what is essential.-- How can they be acknowledged as sufficiently taught?' 2. Tsze-hsia heard of the remark and said, 'Alas! Yen Yu is wrong. According to the way of the superior man in teaching, what departments are there which he considers of prime importance, and delivers? what are there which he considers of secondary importance, and allows himself to be idle about? But as in the case of plants, which are assorted according to their classes, so he deals with his disciples. How can the way of a superior man be such as to make fools of any of them? Is it not the sage alone, who can unite in one the beginning and the consummation of learning?'

【十三章】子夏曰、仕而優則學、學而優則仕。 【十四章】子游曰、喪致乎哀而止。 【十五章】子游曰、吾友張也、為難能也、然而未仁。 【十六章】曾子曰、堂堂乎張也、難與並為仁矣。 【十七章】曾子曰、吾聞諸夫子、人未有自致者也、必也親喪乎。 CHAP. XIII. Tsze-hsia said, 'The officer, having discharged all his duties, should devote his leisure to learning. The student, having completed his learning, should apply himself to be an officer.' CHAP. XIV. Tsze-hsia said, 'Mourning, having been carried to the utmost degree of grief, should stop with that.' CHAP. XV. Tsze-hsia said, 'My friend Chang can do things which are hard to be done, but yet he is not perfectly virtuous.' CHAP. XVI. The philosopher Tsang said, 'How imposing is the manner of Chang! It is difficult along with him to practise virtue.' CHAP. XVII. The philosopher Tsang said, 'I heard this from our Master:-- "Men may not have shown what is in them to the full extent, and yet they will be found to do so, on occasion of mourning for their parents."'

【十八章】曾子曰、吾聞諸夫子、孟莊子之孝也、其他可能也、其不改父之 臣、與父之政、是難能也。 【十九章】孟氏使陽膚為士師、問於曾子。曾子曰、上失其道、民散、久矣、 如得其情、則哀矜而勿喜。 【二十章】子貢曰、紂之不善、不如是之甚也、是以君子 CHAP. XVIII. The philosopher Tsang said, 'I have heard this from our Master:-- "The filial piety of Mang Chwang, in other matters, was what other men are competent to, but, as seen in his not changing the ministers of his father, nor his father's mode of government, it is difficult to be attained to."' CHAP. XIX. The chief of the Mang family having appointed Yang Fu to be chief criminal judge, the latter consulted the philosopher Tsang. Tsang said, 'The rulers have failed in their duties, and the people consequently have been disorganised, for a long time. When you have found out the truth of any accusation, be grieved for and pity them, and do not feel joy at your own ability.' CHAP. XX. Tsze-kung said, 'Chau's wickedness was not so great as that name implies. Therefore, the superior man hates to dwell

惡居下流、天下之惡皆歸焉。 【廿一章】子貢曰、君子之過也、如日月之食焉、過也、人皆見之、更也、 人皆仰之。 【廿二章】【一節】衛公孫朝問於子貢曰、仲尼焉學。【二節】子貢曰、文 武之道、未墜於地、在人、賢者識其大者、不賢者識其小者、莫不有文武之 道焉、夫子焉不學、而亦何常師之有、 in a low-lying situation, where all the evil of the world will flow in upon him.' CHAP. XXI. Tsze-kung said, 'The faults of the superior man are like the eclipses of the sun and moon. He has his faults, and all men see them; he changes again, and all men look up to him.' CHAP. XXII. 1. Kung-sun Ch'ao of Wei asked Tsze-kung, saying, 'From whom did Chung-ni get his learning?' 2. Tsze-kung replied, 'The doctrines of Wan and Wu have not yet fallen to the ground. They are to be found among men. Men of talents and virtue remember the greater principles of them, and others, not possessing such talents and virtue, remember the smaller. Thus, all possess the doctrines of Wan and Wu. Where could our Master go that he should not have an opportunity of learning them? And yet what necessity was there for his having a regular master?'

【廿三章】【一節】叔孫武叔語大夫於朝曰、子貢賢於仲尼。【二節】子服 景伯以告子貢。子貢曰、譬之宮牆、賜之牆也、及肩、窺見室家之好。【三 節】夫子之牆、數仞、不得其門而入、不見宗廟之美、百官之富。【四節】 得其門者或寡矣、夫子之云、不亦宜乎。 CHAP. XXIII. 1. Shu-sun Wu-shu observed to the great officers in the court, saying, 'Tsze-kung is superior to Chung-ni.' 2. Tsze-fu Ching-po reported the observation to Tsze- kung, who said, 'Let me use the comparison of a house and its encompassing wall. My wall only reaches to the shoulders. One may peep over it, and see whatever is valuable in the apartments. 3. 'The wall of my Master is several fathoms high. If one do not find the door and enter by it, he cannot see the ancestral temple with its beauties, nor all the officers in their rich array. 4. 'But I may assume that they are few who find the door. Was not the observation of the chief only what might have been expected?'

【廿四章】叔孫武叔毀仲尼。子貢曰、無以為也、仲尼不可毀也、他人之賢 者、丘陵也、猶可踰也、仲尼、日月也、無得而踰焉、人雖欲自絕、其何傷 於日月乎、多見其不知量也。 【廿五章】【一節】陳子禽謂子貢曰、子為恭也、仲尼豈賢於子乎。【二節】 子貢曰、君子一言以為知、一言以為不知、言不可不慎也。【三節】夫子之 CHAP. XXIV. Shu-sun Wu-shu having spoken revilingly of Chung-ni, Tsze-kung said, 'It is of no use doing so. Chung-ni cannot be reviled. The talents and virtue of other men are hillocks and mounds which may be stepped over. Chung-ni is the sun or moon, which it is not possible to step over. Although a man may wish to cut himself off from the sage, what harm can he do to the sun or moon? He only shows that he does not know his own capacity. CHAP. XXV. 1. Ch'an Tsze-ch'in, addressing Tsze-kung, said, 'You are too modest. How can Chung-ni be said to be superior to you?' 2. Tsze-kung said to him, 'For one word a man is often deemed to be wise, and for one word he is often deemed to be foolish. We ought to be careful indeed in what we say. 3. 'Our Master cannot be attained to, just in the same way as the heavens cannot be gone up to by the steps of a stair.

不可及也、猶天之不可階而升也。【四節】夫子之得邦家者、所謂立之斯立、 道之期行、綏之期來、動之斯和、其生也榮、其死也哀、如之何其可及也。 4. 'Were our Master in the position of the ruler of a State or the chief of a Family, we should find verified the description which has been given of a sage's rule:-- he would plant the people, and forthwith they would be established; he would lead them on, and forthwith they would follow him; he would make them happy, and forthwith multitudes would resort to his dominions; he would stimulate them, and forthwith they would be harmonious. While he lived, he would be glorious. When he died, he would be bitterly lamented. How is it possible for him to be attained to?'

堯曰第二十