book i., p. 679.
[215] R. A. S. MacAlister, _The Excavation of Gezer_, pp. 405–6, 432.
[216] Ernest Sellin, “Tell Ta’Annek,” _Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften_, vols. l.-li., 1904–1906.
[217] Driver, _Modern Research as Illustrating the Bible_, p. 68.
[218] W. K. S. Ralston, _Songs of the Russian People_, p. 128.
[219] H. C. Trumbull, _Threshold Covenant_, p. 49.
[220] Jacob Grimm, _Teutonic Mythology_, vol. iii., p. 1144.
[221] Tylor, _Primitive Culture_, vol. i., p. 96.
[222] Theodor Waitz, _Anthropologie der Naturvolker_, vol. ii., p. 197.
[223] H. C. Trumbull, _The Threshold Covenant_, p. 146.
[224] Tylor, _Primitive Culture_, vol. i., p. 96.
[225] Jacob Grimm, _Teutonic Mythology_, vol. iii., p. 1142.
[226] Jacob Grimm, _Teutonic Mythology_, vol. iii., p. 1142.
[227] W. Crooke, _The Religion, etc., Northern India_, vol. ii., p. 174.
[228] _The Journal of American Folk-Lore_, vol. vi., p. 51, Boston, New York, and London, 1893.
[229] E. Renan, _History of the People of Israel_, vol. i., preface, p. viii.
[230] J. F. McCurdy, _Jewish Encyclopædia_.
[231] A. Kuenen, _The Religion of Israel_, p. 102.
[232] Genesis xxii., 13.
[233] Renan, _History of the People of Israel_, p. 63.
[234] Genesis xvii., 10.
[235] P. C. Remondino, _History of Circumcision_, p. 31. Remondino cites Benjamin—David brought 200 prepuces to Saul to show the number of slain Philistines.
[236] Remondino, p. 32.
[237] Exodus, chap. xii.
[238] Joshua, chap. xxiv., v. 14.
[239] Renan, _History of the People of Israel_, vol. i., p. 149.
[240] Judges, chap. ix.
[241] Renan, _History of the People of Israel_, vol. i., p. 150.
[242] Judges, chap. xii., v. 38–39.
[243] Renan, _History of the People of Israel_, vol. i., p. 278.
[244] 2 Samuel, chap. xxi.
[245] Ewald, _History of Israel_, vol. iv., p. 90.
[246] 2 Kings, chap. xvi., v. 3; and 2 Chronicles, chap. xxviii., v. 3.
[247] 2 Kings, chap. xxi., v. 6.
[248] Hosea, chap. vi., v. 6.
[249] _Ibid._
[250] Jeremiah, chap. vii., v. 21 _et seq._
[251] Micah, chap. vi., v. 6 _et seq._
[252] R. A. Nicholson, _Literary History of the Arabs_, p. xvi.
[253] The Sabeans were inhabitants of the ancient kingdom of Sheba, located in south-western Arabia. According to the records of Mohammed Abu-Taleb Dimeshqi, the Sabeans’ sacrifices were made to the planets when they reached their point of culmination. They sacrificed either a man or a woman according to the divinity who was being worshipped. To the Sun, a selected girl was sacrificed; to the Moon, a man with full face. To Jupiter, a boy three days old, the child of the girl who was sacrificed to the Sun. To Mercury they sacrificed a young man of brownish colour who was a scribe and well educated; to Mars, a very red man with a red head; to Venus, a beautiful woman. These sacrifices were connected with various preparations and mysterious ceremonies.
The following passage, showing the extreme of horrible barbarism, describes one of their sacrificial ceremonies; it is from Dr. D. Chwolsohn’s _Die Ssabier und der Ssabismus_ (vol. ii., pp. 28–29).
“On the 8th of August the Sabeans pressed the wine for the gods and called it by many different names. On this day they sacrificed to the gods, in the middle of the forenoon, a new-born male child. First the child was slaughtered, then boiled until it became very soft, when the flesh was taken off (the bones). The flesh was then kneaded with fine flour, oil, saffron, spikenard and other spices, and, according to some, with raisins. It was then made into small cakes of the size of a fig, and baked in a new oven. This was used by the participants in the mystery of Shemal.... No woman, no slave or son of a slave, or no idiot was allowed to eat of it. To the killing and the preparation of the child only three priests were admitted. Everything remaining, such as the bones and other things not eatable, the priests offered as a burnt sacrifice to the gods.”
[Ab (August) Den 8. dieses Monats pressen sie neuen Wein für die Götter und legen ihm viele verschiedene Namen bei. An diesem Tage opfern sie in der Mitte des Vormittags den durch Standbilder dargestellten Göttern ein neugeborenes männliches Kind. Zuerst wird der Knabe geschlachtet und dann gesotten, bis er ganz weich wird, dann wird das Fleisch abgenommen und mit feinem Mehl, Safran, Spikenard, Gewürznelken und Oel (nach der andern Lesart: Rosinen) zusammengeknetet, daraus werden kleine Brode, von der Grösse einer Feige, gemacht (oder geknetet) und in einem neuen (oder eisernen) Ofen gebacken. Dies dient den Theilnehmern an dem Mysterion des Schemal (zur Speise) für das ganze Jahr. Es darf aber kein Weib, kein Sklave, kein Sohn einer Sklaven und kein Wahnsinniger etwas davon essen. Zu dem Schlachten und Zurichten dieses Kindes werden blos drei Priester zugelassen. Alles aber, was von seinen Knochen, Gliedmassen, Knorpeln, Arterien und Nerven übrig geblieben ist, verbrennen die Priester den Göttern zum Opfer.]
[254] R. A. Nicholson, _Literary History of the Arabs_, p. xxvii.
[255] George Sale, Introduction to the Koran, p. 93.
[256] George Sale, Introduction to the Koran, p. 93.
[257] Aghani, vii., 150, quoted by W. Robinson Smith, _Kinship and Marriage_, p. 222.
[258] Sale, Introduction to Koran.
[259] Koran, chapter 5, p. 86.
[260] Nicholson, _Literary History of the Arabs_, p. 243.
[261] E. W. Lane, _Selections from the Kur-an_, Introduction, p. xxi.-xix.
[262] Hamasa, quoted by W. Robinson Smith in _Kinship and Marriage_, p. 293.
[263] Porphyry, book 2, chap. lvi.
[264] Ammianus, book xxxi., chapter xvi.
[265] Procopius, _Bell. Pers._, part i., chap. xix.
[266] W. Robinson Smith, _Kinship and Marriage_, p. 296.
[267] Trans. by George Sale, Al Koran, chap. vi., p. 114.
[268] _Ibid._, chap. xvi., p. 218.
[269] _Ibid._, chap. lxxxi., pp. 480–481.
[270] “Al Hedaya Fil Foroo,” by Sheik Burhan-ad-deen Alee, trans. by Charles Hamilton, vol. i., p. xxxiii.
[271] _Id._, book x., vol. ii.
[272] “Al Hedaya Fil Foroo,” vol ii., book x., par. 3.
[273] _Id._, vol. ii., book x., par. 6.
[274] The commentary of Ahmed Ben Mohammed Khadooree, published A.H. 420 and an authoritative work on the duties of a magistrate.
[275] The Hidaya, trans. by Charles Hamilton, vol. ii., book ix., chap. ii.
[276] The Hidaya, trans. by Charles Hamilton, vol. i., book iv., chap. xiv., pp. 385, 386.
[277] J. P. Mahaffy, _Social Life of the Greeks_.
[278] Andrew Lang, _Homeric Studies_.
[279] Thomas D. Seymour, _Life in the Homeric Age_, p. 139.
[280] _Id._, p. 139.
[281] Hesiod, _Theogony_, 483–4; Daremberg and Saglio, art. Exposito.
[282] Pausanias, book 8, chap. viii.
[283] Apollodorus, _Bibliotheca_, book i., caput 3, par. 5.
[284] Pausanias, book 8, chap. xxviii.
[285] _Ibid._, book i., chap. xlvi.
[286] Apollodorus, book ii, caput 7, par. 4. Pausanias, book viii., chap, xlviii.
[287] Smith, Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography.
[288] Apollodorus, book iii., caput 5.
[289] Plato, B. Jowett, vol. iv., p. 216.
[290] _Ibid._, vol. i., p. 91.
[291] Gortyniorum Leges, Daremberg and Saglio.
[292] “Law Code of the Cretan Gortyna,” _American Journal of Archæology_, vol. i., p. 335.
[293] Euripides, transl. by Arthur S. Way, vol. iii., p. 345.
[294] Wm. Botsford, _Development of the Athenian Constitution_, p. 10.
[295] Plutarch, _Life of Alcibiades_.
[296] Heliodorus, _Ethiopica_.
[297] G. Glotz, Daremberg and Saglio, art. Exposito.
[298] Longus, _Daphnis and Chloë_, book iv.
[299] Hesiod, _Works and Days_.
[300] Terence, _Adelphi_, act v., scene iii.
[301] Musonius, quoted by Glotz.
[302] Longus, _Daphnis and Chloë_, book iv.
[303] Heaut., Terence., act iv., scene i.
[304] Aristophanes, _Thesmophor._, act v.
[305] Longus, _Daphnis and Chloë_, book i.
[306] Euripides, _Ion_, 1489.
[307] Plautus, _Cestellaria_.
[308] Plautus, _Casina_.
[309] Longus, _Daphnis_, book i.
[310] Plautus, _Cistellaria_, act i., scene i.
[311] _Poetarum Comicorum Græcorum Fragmenta._ Ed. Didot, p. 57; _Athenæus_, Trans. C. D. Yonge, vol. ii., p. 804.
[312] _Poet. Comic. Græc. Frag._, p. 687; _Athenæus_, vol. ii., p. 794.
[313] _Ibid._, p. 710; _Ibid._, p. 575.
[314] _Thesmophoriazusæ_, 502, 516.
[315] Euripides, _Ion_, line 144.
[316] Xenophon, _Œconomicus_, chapter iv., par. 5.
[317] _Ælian_, liber ii., caput vii.
[318] Plutarch, _Lycurgus_ (Dryden trans.), vol. i., p. 82.
[319] _Dionysius Halic_., bk. ii., par. vii.
[320] Livy, i., 4.
[321] Thos. Collett Sandars, _Institutes of Justinian_, p. 3.
[322] Sandars, p. 4.
[323] Gibbon, vol. iv., p. 341: “The law of nature instructs most animals to cherish and educate their youthful progeny. The law of reason inculcates to the human species the returns of filial piety. But the exclusive, absolute and perpetual dominion of the father over his children is peculiar to the Roman jurisprudence and seems to be coeval with the foundation of the city.”
[324] _Dionysius Halic._, bk. ii., par. 15.
[325] W. A. Hunter, _Roman Law_, p. 190, calls the conclave of neighbours a “humane and interesting exception.” John P. McLennon, in _Primitive Marriage_, says it is a “fine example of good old savage law.” According to Hunter, infanticide receives its first customary check when the destruction of males and the eldest female is forbidden: the ancient tribes preferring rather to steal their wives than to rear them.
[326] _Dionysius Halic._, bk., ii., par. 26.
[327] “Numa Pompilius,” Plutarch, Dryden’s Translations, vol. ix., p. 106: “He is also much to be commended for the repeal, or rather amendment, of that law which gives power to fathers to sell their children; he exempted such as were married, conditionally that it had been with the liking and the consent of their parents; for it seems a hard thing that a woman who had given herself in marriage to a man she judged free, should afterwards find herself living with a slave.”
[328] _Valerius Maximus_, edition of 1678, lib. v., cap. viii. According to Niebuhr, the story was disbelieved, and the historian himself says it is an invention by those who found it difficult to believe that after three consulships and as many triumphs, Cassius was still in his father’s _potestas_. _Hist. of Rome_, vol. ii., p. 167.
[329] Stephen, _Hist. of the Criminal Law of England_, p. 1.
[330] Ortolan.
[331] Madame Dacier observes upon this passage, that the ancients thought themselves guilty of a heinous offence if they suffered their children to die without having bestowed on them some of their property; it was consequently the custom of the women, before exposing children, to attach to them some jewel or trinket among their clothes, hoping thereby to avoid incurring the guilt above mentioned, and to ease their consciences.
[332] Madame Dacier says that the meaning of this passage is this: Chremes tells his wife that by having given this ring, she has done two good acts instead of one—she has both cleared her conscience and saved the child; for had there been no ring or token exposed with the infant, the finder would not have been at the trouble of taking care of it, but might have left it to perish, never suspecting it would be inquired after, or himself liberally rewarded for having preserved it. (Bohn trans.) See chapters xii. and xiii.
[333] This he says by way of palliating the cruelty he was guilty of in his orders to have the child put to death.
[334] Greenidge, _Roman Public Life_.
[335] Becker’s _Gallus_, p. 178.
[336] According to Festus (_De Verborum Significatione_), there was a celibate fine. Cicero, _De Leg._, iii., 3, and Val. Max., ii., 9, i.
[337] Becker’s _Gallus_, p. 179.
Apæcides—“I’ faith, money’s a handsome dowry.” Periphanes—“Indeed it is, when it isn’t encumbered with a wife.”—Plautus, _Epidicus_, act ii., scene i.
[338] Becker’s _Gallus_, pp. 42 to 46; Suetonius, _Claudius_, p. 25; Horace, Epistle, ii., 2, 27; Martial, xii., 57, 14; Plautus, _Merc._, iii., 4, 78; _Roman Life Under the Cæsars_, Emile Thomas, p. 59.
[339] M. Dezobry, _Rome au Siècle d’Auguste_, Plautus, _Hecyra_, Prologue.
[340] “Those funerals with their horns and trumpets meeting in the Forum” was Horace’s idea of the height of noise.
[341] Becker’s _Gallus_, p. 46; Martial, vii., 61.
[342] Gaius, ii., 286: “Unmarried persons who by the _lex Julia_ are debarred from taking inheritances and legacies were in olden times considered capable of taking _fideicommissa_. Likewise childless persons, who by the _lex Papia_ lose half their inheritance and legacies because they have no children, were in the olden time considered capable of taking _fideicommissa_ in full. But afterward by the _senatus consultum Pegasianum_ they were forbidden to take _fideicommissa_ as well as inheritances and legacies. And those were transferred to those persons named in the testament who had children, or if none of them had children, to the _populus_, just as the rule is regarding legacies and inheritances.”
[343] Tacitus, _Ann._, iii., p. 28.
[344] Suetonius, _Octavius_, par. 65.
[345] Suetonius, _Life of Claudius_, par. 27.
[346] Velia was a town in Liguria destroyed by a mountain slide. It was near the present town of Piacenza, about an hour’s railway ride from Milan. In 1747 the inscription was found, one of the longest that has come down to us, containing six hundred and thirty lines in seven columns.
[347] The usual rate in provinces was twelve per cent. Pliny, Epist., x., 62 (_duodenis assibus_). Later, Alex. Severus lent money to the poor to enable them to buy land at three per cent.
[348] Tacitus, _Ann._, iv., 27.
[349] _Pliny’s Letters_, Letter 72, vol. ii.
[350] Tertullian, _Epst._, 9.
[351] _Digest_, xlviii., 9, 5.
[352] _De Verborum Significatione_, p. 188, edition Lipsiæ, 1880. Line six reads: “_Lactaria columna in foro olitorio dicta, quod ibi infantes lacte alendos deferebant._”
[353] M. A. Seneca, _Opera_. Biponti, 1783.
[354] Hunter, _Spartianus_, part xvii., p. 67.
[355] Julianus, 611; Walker, p. 77.
[356] Gerardus Noodt, _Opera Omnia_, 1767. Cornelius Van Binkershoek, _Opera Omnia_, 1761.
[357] Abdy and Walker, _Institutes of Justinian_, Appendix A. Ortolan, p. 325.
[358] Duruy, vol. v., p. 175.
[359] Cambridge University Press, p. 122.
[360] Duruy, vol. v., p. 467. E. E. Bryant, _Life of Antoninus Pius_, p. 122, refers to the inscription at Aquileia of a “_præfectus alimentorum_” as indicative of what Pius had done.
[361] Hunter, p. 68.
[362] Gibbon, vol. i., p. 497.
[363] Zosimus, book ii., says parents were obliged to sell their children to pay the tax collectors.
[364] _Codex Theodosianus_, xi., 27, 1–2.
[365] Chapter xx., p. 407, vol. i.
[366] Justinian Code, viii., 52, 2. _Quod si exponendam putave it; animadversoni, quæ constituta est, subjacebit._
[367] Bryce, _Holy Roman Empire_, p. 1. E. A. Freeman, _Historical Studies_.
[368] Charles Loring Brace, _Gesta Christi_, p. 111.
[369] W. E. H. Lecky, _History of European Morals_, vol. ii., p. 27.
[370] Barnabas, Epistle, chapter xix.
[371] Justin, _Apol._, i., chapter xxvii., p. 30.
[372] Justin, _Apol._, i., chapter xxix., p. 31.
[373] Athanagoras, _Plea_, chapter xxxv., p. 419.
[374] A. J. Dogour, _Recherches sur les Enfants Trouvés_, p. 61.
[375] Tertullian, _Apologeticus_, par. 90.
[376] Tertullian, _Ad Nationes_, chapter xv.
[377] Clement of Alexandria, _Pædagogus_, chapter iii., p. 3.
[378] Minucius Felix, _Oct._, chapters xxx. and xxxi.
[379] Vision of Paul, par. 40.
[380] _Codex Theodosianus_, xi., xxvii., 1.
[381] _Ibid._, lib. ii., tit. 27.
[382] _Ibid._, lib. v., tit. 7 and 8.
[383] _Codex Theodosianus_, chapter iii., title 3.
[384] _Codex Theodosianus._
[385] Terme et Monfalcon, p. 79.
[386] _Acta Conciliorum Parisiis_, 1715. Tome i., p. 1789. Chapters Concilium Vasense, Anno Christi 442, chapters 9 and 10.
[387] Terme et Monfalcon, p. 80.
[388] S. A. Dunham, _Europe in the Middle Ages_, p. 8.
[389] Matthew xxviii., 19, 20.
[390] Eusebius, _Ecclesiastical History_, book iii., chapter i.
[391] Theodoretius, _History of the Church_, book iv., chapter xxx.
[392] Smith and Chetam, _Dict. of Ch. Antiq. Missions_ (see also Socrates, _Ecc. Hist._, vii., 30; Ozanam, _Civilisation chez les Francs_, p. 51).
[393] Thomas Moore, _History of Ireland_, vol. i., p. 49.
[394] Guizot, _Civilization_, vol. i., p. 429.
[395] La Boulaye, _Recherches sur la condition de la femme depuis les Romains jusque au nos jours_.
[396] Ammian. Marcell., xvii., 8.
[397] Codex, second edition of Hessels and Kern, xxviii., section 4, and the Wolfenbuttel edition as quoted by Garabed Artin Davoud-Oghlou, _Histoire de la législation des Anciens Germains_, vol. i., p. 496.
[398] A sou was worth about 1000 grains of silver and the denier had a weight of about 25 grains of silver. Davoud-Oghlou, vol. i., p. 465.
[399] _Leys Salica_, column 491.
[400] J. F. A. Payre, _Lois des Francs_, pp. 82 and 83. The kings and the nobles wore their hair long, while the plain people wore their hair short, as did the Romans for whom these barbarians had a great contempt.
[401] Dugour, p. 93; Davoud-Oghlou, vol. i., p. 613; Lallemand, p. 91.
[402] “_Parentes qui cogente necessitate filios suos alimentorum gratia vendiderint ingenuiati eorum non pare juicant. Homo enim liber pretio nullo æstimatur._” Edictum Theodorici, art. 94.
[403] Thomas Hodgkin, _The Letters of Cassiodorus_, book viii., letter 33.
[404] Terme et Monfalcon, _Hist. des Enfants Trouvés_, p. 28.
[405] Terme et Monfalcon, p. 84.
[406] Lerousse, _Bathilde_.
[407] Lebeau, _Hist. du Bas Empire_, vol. vi., p. 179.
[408] _The History of England under the Anglo-Saxon Kings_, vol. i., p. 414, translated by Benj. Thorpe.
[409] Laws of Hloth. and Ead., vi. Ine, vii. Æthels., v. i. By the Salic law also (tit. xxvi., art. 6) twelve was fixed as the age of responsibility.
[410] See Laws of Cnut, lxxvii.
[411] Thorpe, p. 414.
[412] Gaillard, p. 83.
[413] Muratori, _Antiquates italicæ medii ævi_, Mediolani, 1740, vol. iii., p. 587.
[414] Pontani, _Opera_, Basil, 1566, t. i., chapter xix.
[415] Gaillard, vol. i., p. 85.
[416] _Histoire de Languedoc._
[417] Ramcle, p. 34.
[418] Ramcle, p. 360.
[419] Gaillard, vol. i., p. 85. _Bulletin Ferussac, pact de la Geog._, t. xvi., p. 66.
[420] Ramcle, p. 34. _Bullarium Romanorum_, t. i., p. 74.
[421] See Bull of Innocent III., 28th of April, 1198.
[422] Beckmann, _Histoire des Inventions et Découvertes_, tome iv.
[423] _Dictionnaire des Sciences Medicales_, “Enfans Trouvés.”
[424] Ramcle, 38. _Bullarium Romanorum_, Nicholas IV.
[425] Ramcle, p. 40.
[426] Cited by de Breuil.
[427] _Histoire de Languedoc_, tome iii., p. 43.
[428] Ramcle, p. 63.
[429] _Rapport fait à l’Académie Royale des Sciences_. Par MM. Dumeril et Coquebert-Monbret. Paris, 1825, p. x.
[430] _Considérations sur les Enfants Trouvés_, Benoiston de Chateauneuf, p. x.
[431] Gaillard, p. 90.
[432] Gaillard, p. 90.
[433] _Id._, p. 90. Chateauneuf.
[434] At that time Louis was at war with Germany in the Pays-Bas and in Cologne, and the conspiracy of Cinq-Mars had just been discovered.
[435] Terme et Monfalcon, p. 100.
[436] Gaillard, p. 92.
[437] Curzon, p. 11.
[438] L. F. Salzman, _English Industries of the Middle Ages_, p. 229.
[439] _Memorials of London and London Life_, ed. by H. T. Riley, p. 549.
[440] W. J. Ashley, _The English Economic History_, p. 9.
[441] O. J. Dunlop and R. D. Denman, _English Apprenticeship and Child Labour_, p. 29.
[442] _Id._, p. 56.
[443] H. T. Riley, _Memorials of London and London Life_, p. 278.
[444] Act of Henry VIII., passed by the Common Council of London, September 27, 1556. See _A Transcript of the Registers of the Company of Stationers of London_, vol. i., ed. by Ed. Arber, introduction, p. xli.
[445] H. de B. Gibbins, _Industry in England_, p. 341.
[446] Rep., 7 and 8 Vict. c. 101, s. 13.
[447] Macaulay, _History of England_, vol. i., pp. 389 and 390.
[448] Chamberlayne’s _State of England_; Petty’s _Political Arithmetic_, chapter viii.; Dunning’s _Plain and Easy Method_; Firmin’s _Proposition for the Employing of the Poor_. “It ought to be observed that Firmin was an eminent philanthropist,” Macaulay observes.
[449] H. de B. Gibbins, _Industry in England_, p. 388.
[450] _The Quarterly Review_, vol. lxvii., 1841, pp. 175 and 176.
[451] Alfred, _History of the Factory Movement_, vol. i., pp. 21, 22.
[452] Quoted in Alfred’s _History of the Factory Movement_, i., 43.
[453] H. de B. Gibbins, _Industry in England_, par. 226, p. 393.
[454] H. de B. Gibbins, _Industry in England_, p. 398.
[455] W. Cooke Taylor, _Factories and the Factory System_, pp. 20 and 21.
[456] H. de B. Gibbins, _Industry in England_, p. 402.
[457] Edith Abbott, _Journal of American Society_, 14, 37.
[458] Edith Abbott, _Journal of American Society_, 14, 21.
[459] _Id._, 14, 32.
[460] Duprat, p. 200, and Steinmetz, “Das Verhaltniss zwischen Eltern und Kindern bei den Naturvolken,” _Zeitschrift für Socialwissenschaft_, vol. i.
[461] Copy of triplicate report, as above indicated.
INDEX
The names of authors from whose works quotations have been made are printed in heavy-faced type.
A
Aaron, 162
Ab-ba-gi-na, 98
Abbott, Edith, 332
_Abgal_, 94
Abipones, 42
Abortion, 26, 259, 260, 279
Abraham, 158
Abu Tamman, 177
Abyssinians, 17
Accouchements, god of, 98
Achilles, 186
Acts of Parliament, 1802, 1833, 324, 329
_Adelphi_, 196
Adoption, 102, 288, 289; among the Greeks, 204; enjoined by Mohammed, 180; of orphans, China, 49
_Adventures of Sanehat_, 112
Ægean culture, 91
=Ælian=, 9, 207
Æsculapius, 187
Æthelstan, laws of, 292
Æthiopia, 274
Africa, 17, 23, 34, 106, 262
Agathocles, 8
=Aghani=, 173, 174, 175
Agis, 193
Agnew, Frederick A., 334
Agrarian Law, 215
Aha, island of, 74
Ahaz, 166
Aidan, 275
Ainu race, 71
Aix, 303
Akkado-Sumerians, 90, 92, 107
Albanian Scots, 275
Alexander the Great, 127–8
Al-Farazdac, 174, 175
Alfred, King, 283
Al Hidaya, 180
Allahabad, 137
Al Mostatraf, 172
Alsace, 276
Al Siyar, 182
Altar, infants buried at, 151
Ambrosius, 258, 263
Amenemhat I., 112
Ammianus Marcellinus, 177, 279
Ammonites, 164
Amosis, 113
Amphidromia, 193
Amphion, 187
Amraphael, 100
Amsterdam provides for children, 300
Amulius, 210
Amva, 124
Anacharsis, 196
Andromache, 185
Andromeda, 193
Angora (Ancyra), 268
Animal, care of young, 20; marriage, 3, 23; protection of child, 52, 186
_Annales de la Sainte Enfance_, 61
Antankarana tribes, 35
Antiphili, 197
Antiphon, 184
_Antiquates italicæ medii ævi_, 294
_Antiquity and Piety_, 113
Antoninus Pius, 236, 247, 248
_Antoninus Pius, Life of_, 248, 250
Apprentices, 315, 316, 317
Apulia, 284
Arabs, chapter xi.; customs of pagan, 170, 171, 172
Aramean tribes, 138
Arcadia, 187
Archambault, 290
Arctopitheci, 23
Areoi society, 41
Argos, 187
=Aristophanes=, 191, 199, 205, 206
Aristotle, 7, 14
Arius, 20, 268
Arkwright, invention of, 318
Arles, Bishop of, 275
Armenia, 91
Arrian, 128
Artificers, statute of, 315
Arunta tribes, 32
_Aryan Civilization_, 123
Aryans, 90, 120, 121
=Ashley, W. J.=, 314
Assa Sahib, governor of Saugor, 148
Assyria, 91
Assyrians, 159
Astrolabe Bay, 24
Astrology and exposure, 265, 266
Astyanax, 185
Asylums, 65, 293, 294, 295, 296, 297, 298, 299
Athalaric, King, 283, 284
Athanagoras, 260
Athanasius, Bishop, 268
=Athenæus=, 205
Athens, 191, 216
Auge, 187
Augustine, 258
Augustus, 223, 226, 229, 247
Aurelianus, 279
_Australian Aborigines_, 33
Australian aborigines, 33, 34
Austria, child welfare movement in, 334
=Avebury, Lord=, 143
Aventine Hill, 242
Avignon, Bishop of, 275
Azara, Felix de, 36
B
Baal, 163, 164
Babylonia, 9, 91, 92, 93, 138
_Babylonian and Assyrian Laws_, 99
=Bain, Alexander=, 2
Banjarilu, Hindu caste, 149
Barnabas, 258, 259
Barnamtarra, 97
Baroda, 131
=Barton, G. A.=, 139
Basil the Great, 263
Bastards, 303
Basuto, 35
Bathilde, Saint, 290
Bathurst (N. S. W.), 43, 147
Bau, temple of, 96, 97
=Beckmann=, 297
Bel, temple of, 93
Benares, 129
Bengal, Royal Society, 130
Benin, 32
Bergh, Henry, 336
Bergliac, asylum at, 296
=Bergson, H.=, 3
Berins, 275
Berlin, child-welfare organization in, 334
Bernard de Montlaur, 295
Beverly, Mass., 333
Bhisma, 123, 124
Binkershoek, Cornelius van, 247
Birds, 4, 21, 53
Bithynia, 233, 274
Blood ceremonies, 144, 145, 146, 148, 154, 178, 261
Bombay, 129
Borneo, 23
Borromeo, Count, 334
Botterays, 301
=Boulger, D. C.=, 59
Boulton, invention by, 318
Bourgognes, asylum of, 295
=Brace, Charles Loring=, 258
Braelers, ordinances of, 315
_Brahmanism and Hinduism_, 125
Brahmin priests, 148
=Breasted, J. H.=, 112
Brehm, _Bird-Life_, 21, 22
Brehma Bywant Pooran, 130
Brephotrophia, asylums for children, 293, 297
Bretagne, 303
=Brinton, D. G.=, 19, 31, 39
British Museum, 80, 93, 110
=Brown, Arthur J.=, 69
Bruitii, 284
=Bryant, E. E.=, 248, 250
=Bryce, James=, 257
=Buckle, T. H.=, 16
Buddhism, 77, 81, 126, 127
=Budge, E. A. W.=, 117
Burgundians, 274, 276, 281
Burhan-ad-din-Ali, 180
Burial alive, 27, 36, 78, 149, 154, 172
=Burnell, A. C.=, 127
Burnt-offerings, 158, 168
Busiris, Egyptian deity, 262
C
Caduca, 228
Cæsar, 276, 277
=Cain, R.=, 149
Calabria, 284
Callich, or Gallus, 276
Camos, 165, 166
Campania, 283
Canaan, people of, 138, 140, 158
_Canis Brasiliensis_, 22
Cannibalism, 140, 141, 142, 143, 147, 149, 150; among Arabs, 177; Australia, 39, 43; Britain, 121; in Dahomey, 154; in Japan, 83, 84, 85; Papuan, 27
Canton, 65
Capitoline Hill, 210
Cappadocia, 274
Caracalla, constitution of, 229
Carinthia, 276
Carnivora, 22
=Carpenter, Edward=, 10
Carthaginian, 8, 237, 276
Cassiodorus, 283–4
Cassius, 239
Cassius Severus, 243
Cassius Viscellinus, 215
Castration, 160
Cathaia, 129
Catiline, 241
Catullus, 240
Celtic races, 120, 121, 258
Ceres, 215
_Cervus Campestris_, 22
=Chabas, M.=, 111
Chang-Chau, department of, 66, 68
Chanoines du Saint Esprit, 295
Ch’aou, 55
Charlevoix, 42
Château de Bicêtre, 308
=Chavannes, Edouard=, 50
_Chelonia_, 20
Chen, protest of, against infanticide, 62
Chikandini, 124
Child-labour, 282, 313, 314, 318, 325, 333
Child-slaves, 154, 213, 237, 266, 289, 290, 291, 319, 320–323
Child-welfare societies, beginnings of, 333, 334, 335
Childebert, 293
China, child-welfare movement in, 335
_China. Das Reich der Mitte_, 68
_China in Decay_, 69
Chinese, 9; customs, 19, 149, 150; influence in Japan, 77; odes, 48; philosophy, 157
Ch’ing, 53
Choentche, Chinese Emperor, 55, 59
Choo, people of, 54
Chou King, 47
Chow dynasty, 50
Chowkidar, 137
Chremes, 217–21
Christianity, 13, 14, 251, 252, 257, 271
Christian missionaries in Europe, 275, 276
Chronicles, II., 166
_Chronicles of Japan_, 72
Chun, Chinese Emperor, 47
Church, 268, 273, 287, 288, 289, 303
Chu’un Ts’ew, 54
Chwolsohn, D., 140
Cicero, 11, 234
Cimbrians, 240
Circumcision, 160
Cité de St.-Landry, Paris, 306, 307
Citharion, 187
_Civilisation ches les Francs_, 275
_Civilization of China_, 70
Claudius, Emperor, 230
Claudius, F., 243
Clay figures substituted in sacrifice, 79, 80
Clement XIV., Pope, 231
Clement of Alexandria, 259, 261
Clothing industry in United States, 332
Clovis II., King, 290
Cnut, laws of, 292
Coition, ceremonies over, 124
Columba, 275
Columbanus, 276
Commodus, 260
Confucius, 7, 87
_Conquista del Peru_, 145
Constantine, 222, 252, 264, 269, 273
Constantinople, 177, 273
Continence, 260
Copenhagen, sacrifices, 152, 153
Coquebert, 306
Coronis, 187
Cosilinum, city of, 285
Cotton factories, 325, 333
Council, of Agde, 270; of Ancyra, 268; of Arles, 270; of Constantinople, 268; of Elvira, 268; of Marseilles approves charity, 296; of Nicæa, 268; of Nice, 293; of Rouen, 289; of Vaison, 269
Court, children’s, 338
Courtesans, 26, 204, 205, 242
_Covenant, Threshold_, 152, 153, 154, 161
=Cratinus, the younger=, 205
_Creditur virgini_, 305
Crescentius, 259
=Crespigny, Lieut. de=, 23
Crete, 186, 189, 190
=Crobylus=, 205
Crom-Cruach, worship of, 276
=Crooke, W.=, 148, 155
Crotopos, 187
_Cuneiform Parallels to the Old Testament_, 99
Cuq, 95
=Curr, E. M.=, 37
=Curzon=, 311
D
Dacier, Madame, 220
Dahomey, 121, 154
Dale, Godfrey, 35
_Daphnis and Chloe_, 195, 200, 203
Daremberg and Saglio, 186
Darius Hystaspis, 91
Darwin, Charles, 4, 43
_Das Kind in Brauch und Sitte der Völker_, 35
Dasyas, 122
Datheus, Archbishop of Milan, 13, 293, 294, 299, 302
David, 165
=Davis, J. M.=, 43
=Davoud-Oughlou, G. A.=, 279, 282
_Dawn of Civilization_, 109
=Dawson, James=, 33
_Debilitans Expositos_, 242
De Breuil, 300
De Bry, 146
=de Chateauneuf, Benoiston=, 307
_Découvertes en Chaldée_, 94
Deformed children, 151, 306; Australia, 38; Greece, 186; India, 129; Rome, 212, 213
_De homine replegiando_, writ, 336
=Deissmann, Adolph=, 119
Deity of Eight Thousand Spears, 75
de la Crau, Olivier, 295
de Meulant, Bishop of Paris, 300
=Democritus=, 194
=de Morgan, J.=, 99
Demosthenes, 206
=Deneker, J.=, 19
=Denman, R. D.=, 315
_Descent of Man_, 43
Destruction, god of, 149
_De Verborum Significatione_, 223, 242
=D’Horme, P.=, 99
Dhurma Shastra, 134
Dietrich (Theodoric), 283
Diocletian, 272
Diodorus Siculus, 114, 116, 117, 128
Dion Cassius, 237
Dionysius Halicarnassus, 8
Dionysus, 187
Diphilus, 196
_Divine Institutes_, 254, 255
“Divine” origin of infanticide, 132
Divorce, 182, 223
Domitian, 225
Doomsday Book, Assyrian, 103
_Doqhutiya_, professional kidnappers, 155
Dorians, 186
Dosajee Jhareja, 136
=Douglas, Robert K.=, 69
Dreyerie tribe, 38
=Droppers, Garrett=, 83
Drowning of children, 55, 67, 123, 144, 261, 262
=Du Berry, Abbé=, 291
=Dubois, Dr. Eugene=, 15, 46
=du Chaillu, Paul=, 23
=Duff, Archibald=, 139
=Dugour, A. J.=, 217, 260, 282
=Dumeril=, 306
Duncan, Jonathan, 129
=Dunham, S. A.=, 273
=Dunlop, O. J.=, 315
_Durante matrimonio_, 246
Duruy, 238
Dussaud, René, 105
Dutch, in China, 57
Dyaks, sacrifices, 154
Dyetinet, named after child, 153
E
Eannatum, 94
_Early Ideas_, 125
East India Company, 130
Eastern Roman Empire, 287, 288
Ecclesiastes, 111
_Ecclesiastical History_, 274, 275
Edomites, 166
Edward the Martyr, 292
Egypt, 112, 113, 160; 3366 B. C., 111
Egyptian, civilization, 6; conditions, 3000 B. C., 108; deities of children, 110; Hamites, 106; philosophy, 157
Egyptians, 19, 91; attitude toward death, castes, 107
_Egyptian Tales_, 112
Elamites, 91
=Ellis, William=, 41, 43
=Ellwood, Charles=, 4
Elohim, 158
Eloi, St., 291
Emperor, Joseph II., 257; Julian, 278; Theodosius, 263
Enfants-Dieu, House of, 301
_Enfants Trouvés_, 287
England, asylums in, 298; child-welfare movement in, 334; children sold, 290; early attitude toward children, 292
_Épaves_, legal charge on nobles, 304
Epictetus, 236
Epidaurus, 187
=Erman, A.=, 112, 117
Ethiopia, 274
Etirtu, adoption of, 104
Etolians, 187
_Études Égyptiennes_, 110
Eunice, Saint, child slave, 291
Eunuchs, abolition of, 59
Euripides, 191, 201
Eusebius, Bishop of Vercelli, 274, 275
=Evans, Sir John=, 15
Excavations, Babylonian, 92; at Gezer, 150, 151, 166, 200; at Megiddo, 151; at Tell Ta’Annek, 151, 166, 200; at Thebes, 113
Exodus, 161
Exposed children, Visigoths, 282
Exposure, cause of, 192, 193; Chinese, 52; copper pots used in, 200; Greeks, 199–208; jewels for exposed children, 218; Roman, 217, 258–262; shame, cause of, 192
F
Factories, abuse in, 12, 319, 320
Fair, children sold at, 285
Family, labour contracted by, 314; origin of, 18; restricted, 37; Sumerian, size of, 97
Famine, in China, 49, 57; in Israel, 165; in Japan, 82, 83; cause of infanticide, 177
Fathers, power of, in Gaul, 276, 277; saved by son’s sacrifice, 144, 146; status dependent on children, Rome, 227; teachings of Christian, 267
Faubourg, St. Lazare, 308; St. Victor, 307
=Faust, A. K.=, 87
Faustina, 245
=Featherman, A.=, 16, 17
Female child, 118, 144, 210
Female sacrifice, Japan, 81
“Female-Who-Invite,” 74
Festus, 242
Field of slaughter (Magh-Sleacth), 276
Fines, for killing child, 279, 280; for permitting child to live, 38; for reselling children, 291
Fingen, 276
First-born, sacrifice of, 39, 93, 139, 140, 145, 149; to the Ganges, 148; child, eaten, 147; male, sacrificed, in Florida, 147
_Fisc_, sale of children by, 263
Fishermen, find children in nets, 297
=Fison and Howitt=, 42
Fleinz, Enrad, 297
_Florilegium_, 198
_Folk-Lore, American_, 156
Folk-lore of Northern India, 148
Foochow, 66
Food, human, for deities, 81; infants as food for swine, 262
=Foreman, John=, 44
Forum Boarium, 242
Fou Hi, Emperor of China, 19
Fou Kien, Province of, 55
Foundation sacrifices, 82, 149, 150–52, 161
Foundlings, Arab, 180, 181, 182; liberty of, 270; mutilating, 243–44; property rights in, 269; as slaves, 266; substitution, 205; Sumarian, 102; treasury paid for, 181
France, 302, 303
François the First, 299
Frankish Bishops, 275
Franks, 274, 279, 290
=Freeman, E. A.=, 257
Freemen, Arab, 181
Fridolin, 276
Fuegians, 29
Fuhkien, _see_ Fou Kien
Fulvius, A., 240
Funerals, Roman, 225
Futteh Mahommed Jemadar, 136
G
Gaillard, Abbé, 293, 295, 296, 310
=Gaius=, 227
Galatia, 274
Galdinus, Cardinal, 299
Galli, 262
Gallio, 243
Gallus, or Callich, 276
_Gallus_ (Becker), 223, 224, 225
Ganga, 123
Ganga Jatra, 148
=Gason, Samuel=, 38
Gaul, missionary work in, 275; power of father in, 276, 277; selling children in, 291
Gauls, 92, 276
Gautama, 7
Gazelles, 22
Genesis, 100, 159
=Genouillac, H. de=, 97
Gephids, 274
Germanic races, 258
_Germanicus_, of Tacitus, 277
Germany, asylums in, 298; children sold, 290; sacrifices in, 152, 154
Gerry, Elbridge T., 336
_Gesta Christi_, 258
=Gibbon, Edward=, 212
Gibeonites, 165
Gilds, 314
Gilead, 164
=Giles, H. A.=, 50, 70
=Glotz, G.=, 192, 194
Gna, Saxon king, 296
God, of destruction, 149; of the young, 98
Gohuls, 136
Golden calf, worship of, 161, 162
=Goodrich, J. K.=, 88
Gorillas, 23
Gortyna, 189, 190, 193
Goshen, 139
Gothic language, 275
Goths, 120, 177; apostle of, 275
Gottheil, Professor, 125
Goulburn, 43, 147
Gowland collection, 80
Gratian, Emperor, 247, 266
Great Bassam, in Africa, 153
Great First Emperor, China, 51
Greece, 107
Greeks, 9, 19, 90, 92; adoption among, 204; exposure among, 199–208; morality, 5, 6; philosophy, 157
=Greenidge=, 222
Gregorian codes, 270
Gregory, apostolic mission, 291
=Gregory I., Pope=, 291
=Grenfell and Hunt=, 119
=Griffis, W. E.=, 82, 83
=Grimm, Jacob=, 141, 153, 154, 155
=Groote, J. J. M. de=, 149, 150
=Guizot, François P. G.=, 277
=Gulick, S. L.=, 88
=Guppy, H. B.=, 37
Guy of Montpellier, 295, 296
H
Hachijo, island of, 72
Hadrian, 163, 236, 237, 245, 246
=Hall, G. Stanley=, 18
=Hall, H. R.=, 112
Halle, 154
Hamasa, 177
=Hamilton, Charles=, 180
Hamites, Egyptian, 106
Hammurabi, 92, 99, 100, 102
Hand, sign of law, 211
Hang Hoi, 55
Hani-wa (clay rings), 80
Hariskandra, 126
=Harper, R. F.=, 103
Harris papyrus, No. 500, 110
=Harrison, E. J.=, 87
Hastinapur, 123
Ha’tshepest, 112
Hawaii, 43
He, Duke, 54
_He Who Brings Buried Girls to Life_, 175
_Heautontimorumenos_, 197
Hebrews, 116, 142
Hector, 185
_Hecyra_, 193
Hegira, 170
Heliodorus, 193
Hellenes, 120
Henry II., edict of, 305
Hephaistos, 186, 187
Hera, 98
Hermaphrodites, 259
Hermogenian code, 270
Herodotus, 90, 121, 160
=Herrera, Antonio de=, 146, 147
Hesiod, 186, 195
Hestia, goddess of the hearth, 193
Hexateuch, 158
Hia, Emperor of China, 47
Hiao King, 52
Hibasuhime-no-Mikoto, 79
Hidana, infant education, Arab, 183
Hidaya, 180
Hide-no-are, compiler of _Kojiki_, 71
Hien Fong, Chinese Emperor, 65
Himyarite period, of Arabic history, 169
Hind, protects child, 187
Hippopotamus, 22
_Histoire du Bas Empire_, 291
_Histoire des Enfants Trouvés_, 287
_Histoire du Kamchatka_, 35
_Histoire de Languedoc_, 303
_Histoire de la Legislation des Anciens Germains_, 279
_History of the Church_, 275
_History of Circumcision_, 160
_History of the Criminal Law of England_, 216
_History of European Morals_, 258
_History of the Factory Movement_, 324
_History of Human Marriage_, 41
_History of Ireland_, 276
_History of Paraguay_, 42
_History of the People of Israel_, 158
_History of Sumer and Akkad_, 91, 92
Hloth, laws of, 292
Hobhouse, J., 326
=Hodgkin, Thomas=, 286
Ho Long Tou, 57
Holy men, liberated slaves, 290, 291
Homer, 11, 121, 185
_Homeric Studies_, 185
Honoratus, 275
Honorius, 266, 269
Horner, Mr., speech in Parliament, 324
Hosea, 167
Hospital, of Montpellier, 303; of Saint Esprit, 295, 296
Hospitaliers, work of, 296
_Hôtel-Dieu_, of Lyons, 299
House of Pity, 61
How Tseih, legend of, 52
Humanitarianism, 163, 332
=Hunter, W. A.=, 213
Hurers, ordinances of, 313
Hurreebhyee, Jhareja, 136
Hydaspes, River, 128
_Hydromus coypus_, 22
Hyperboreans, 46
Hyphasis, River, 128
Hystaspis, Darius, 91
I
Iberians, 121
Ichneumon, 22
Idiots, sale of, 319
Idols, sacrificing children to, 145, 146; in Israel, 161, 162; -worship, Irish, 276
Idzumo, land of, 79
Iliad, 185
Illarion, letter from, 118
Illyricum, 274
_In the South Seas_, 38
Ina, king of Wessex, 282
=Ina-Uruk-rishat=, 104
India, 148, 149, 152, 155, 335
Indian philosophy, 157
Indians, of America, 18, 145, 146, 147; of Asia, 120; Peruvian, 144, 145, 146
Indo-European speech, 91
Indonesian races, 24
Industrial records, in Middle Ages, 313
Infant kings, Anglo-Saxon, 292
Infanticide, 9, 38, 63, 132, 147, 148, 213; Arab, 174, 175, 176, 177; Germanic and Frankish peoples, 279; Japan, 78; Papua, 26; Proclamations against, 56, 61, 64; Roman, 258, 259, 263; checked by Mussulmans, 178, 179, 180
Infants, as food for swine, 262
Informers, 288
Inga, or Inca, 146
Inheritance, of childless person, Rome, 227; of unmarried person, Rome, 227; through daughters, 112
Innocent III., Pope, 296
Inscriptions, Arabic, 169, 170, 171
Inspection of children, 129
_Institutes of Justinian_, 210, 247
Investigation in factories, 320
Ion, 187, 191, 200
Iona, 275
Iranians, 91
Isaac, 158
Istar, 99
Italy, 264; asylums in, 298; children sold, 290, 291, 337; first child-welfare movement in, 334
Iyenari, 83
Iyeyasu, 86
Izana-mi-no-kami, 74
Izani-gi-no-kami, 74
J
Jahilliya, 171
Jahvist, 158
Jami Saghir, 182
Japan, Aha, island of, 74; Bronze age, 72; Buddhist influence, 77; building sacrifice, 82; cannibalism, 83, 84; Chinese influence, 77; clay figures, 79, 80, 81; Confucius, influence, 87; early marriage, 74, 75; famine, 83, 84; first inhabitants, 71; Hachijo, island of, 72; heavenly deities, 74; Izana-mi-no-kami, 74; Izani-gi-no-kami, 74; Jimmu, Emperor, 71, 75; _Kojiki_, ancient records, 71; Korean influence, 78; _Nihongi_, chronicles, 72; Nitobe, Inazo, 72; Nomi-no-Sukune, 79, 80, 81; Origin of present-day Japanese, 71; parturition house, 72, 73, 74; reforms under Yoshimune, 85, 86; sacrifices 152; sacrifice, human, abolished, 78, 79, 80; sacrifice, to deity, of wild animals, 81; Samurai, 82, 86, 87, 88; Shintoism, 78; slavery of children, 85, 86; social evil, 87; vicarious punishment, 85; Yamato-hiko, 78
_Japanese Nation in Evolution_, 82, 83
Jasus, 187
Java, 46
Jehoram, 165
Jehosophat, 165
Jelibo (primitive courtesans), 26
Jephtha, 164
Jeremiah, 167
Jerez, Francisco de, 145
Jerusalem, 167, 274
Jesuits, 49
Jesus, 7
Jewish Prophets, 7
Jhallas, 136
Jharejas, 131, 132, 133
Jimmu, Emperor of Japan, 71, 75
=Johns, C. H. W.=, 99
=Johnson, Sir H. H.=, 17
Joseph II., Emperor, 237
Joshua, 161
Josiah, 167
Jove, 186
=Jowett, B.=, 188
Judaism, 14
Judges, period of, 162; Book of, 164
Juju, sacrifice to, 154
Jukhima, 130
Julian, the Apostate, 278
Julianus Salvius, edict of, 245
Julius Firmicus, 265, 266
=Junius=, 191
Juno, 98
Jurisprudence, Mussulman, 180
_Jus Quirium_, 211
Justin Martyr, 249, 259, 275; discourse of, 249, 250
Justinian, 210; code of, 247, 289; wars of, 178
K
=Keane, A. H.=, 15, 24
=Key, Ellen=, 5
=Kidd, Benjamin=, 5
_Kojiki_, ancient Japanese records, 71
Kotzebue, Otto von, 37, 40
_Kur-an_, Selections from, 176, 177
_Kutrai_ (copper pots), 200
L
La Boulaye, 278
=Labourt=, 268, 269
Lachlan, the, New South Wales, 43, 147
Lacita, daughter of Ozaim, 177
=Lactantius=, 254, 261, 263
Lactaria, 242
=Ladd, G. T.=, 3
_La Femme dans l’Antiquité_, 100
=Lafitau, P.=, 145
Lagash, 94, 96
_L’Allemand_, 282
Lame children, 212, 213
=Lane, E. W.=, 177
=Lang, Andrew=, 185
Languedoc, historians of, 295, 303
Larousse, Dictionnaire, 290
=Lauterer, Dr. Joseph=, 68
Laws, of Æthelstan, 292; Agrarian, 215; Allemands, 281; Angles, 281; Anglo-Saxon kings, 282, 283; Arab, 180; Arcadius, 266; Burgundians, 281; for children, 264, 265, 266; China, 49, 61, 66, 67; of Cnut, 292; Constantine, 264, 265, 267; of Crete, 189, 190; Egyptian, 114; enceinte woman, relating to, 305; _épaves_, concerning, 304; first special, for children, 334; foundlings, 305; Frisians, 278; Germanic, 292; Gortyna, 189, 190; Gratian, 266; Greek, to protect child, 207, 208; Hadrian, 237; Hammurabi, 92, 99, 100; for helpless children, 335; Hloth, 292; Honorius, 266; India, 125; Japanese, regarding confinement, 72, 73; Justinian, 270; of mediæval France, 303, 304; in Poitiers, 303; in Provence, 303; of Romulus, 209; Sabine, 211; Salinic, 279, 280, 292; of Solon, 216; of Thebes, 9; Theodosius II., 267; of Twelve Tables, 215, 222; Valens, 266; Valentinian, 266; of Visigoths, 281, 282
Le, son of Confucius, 48
=Lebeau=, 291
=Lecky, W. E. H.=, 258
Legacy, of Montlaur, 295
Legas, Madame, 307
_Leges_, Roman, 227
=Legge, James=, 53
Leitrim, County, 276
Le Laudonnière, Sieur, 145
Lemnians, 187
=Lenguas=, of South America, 42
Leon, Emperor, 271
Leotychides, 193
Leper, 130, 148
_Les Sacrifices Humaines chez les Canaanéens_, 105
_Letters of Cassiodorus_, 286
_Letters and Inscriptions of Hammurabi_, 100
_Lettres Edif._, Father d’Entrcolles, 61
Leucothea, 284
=Lewis, George Henry=, 6
_Leys Salicae_, 280
_Liber Censualis_, 103
Liebenstein, castle of, 153
_Life in Ancient Egypt_, 112
_Life in the Homeric Age_, 186
_Light from the Ancient East_, 119
Li Ki, Chinese code, 52
Li Li Ong, 59
Line Islanders, 37
_L’Infanticide, etc., en Chine_, 63
Liquors, sale to children, 338
_Literary History of the Arabs_, 169, 170
=Little, Henry W.=, 35
Liverpool, S. P. C. C., 334
_Lois des Francs_, 280
London, child-welfare movement in, 334; Common Council, 316
Longobards, 274
=Longus=, 195, 200, 203
Loo, Ch’aou, Marquis of, 55
Louis XIII., 308
Louis XIV., 309, 310
Louvre, 93, 94
=Lubbock, Sir John=, 44
Lucania, Governor of, 283
Lucius Brutus, 238
_Lubra_, first-born of, 147
Lugalanda, 96, 97
Lugalzaggisi, 100, 138
Luritcha tribe, 39
Ly, son of Yao, 52
Lycurgus (Plutarch), 208
_Lycurgus_, 9, 189, 207, 208
=Lyon, D. G.=, 100
Lyons, Bishop of, 275
Lysimachus, 189
Lystus, 186
M
Madagascar, Amber Mountains, 35
Magh-Sleacth, or Field of Slaughter, 276
Malthus, 9
_Man Who Invites_, 74
Marriage, among birds, 22; animal, 3; origin of, 18, 19
Mars, Cinq, 309
Martens, 22
Mary Ellen, 8
Maskonit, Egyptian deity of children, 110
Matriarchal tendencies in Egypt, 109, 110
Matriarchy, in Japan, 75
Menes, 19
Mesopotamian civilization, 6
Mias, 23
Minucius Felix, 261, 262
_Misasagi_, 81
Missionaries, Buddhist, in Japan, 77
Mohammed, 7
Mohammedanism, 14
Moloch, 165, 238
Mongols, 24, 46
Muhiyyu’l-Uaw’udat (He who brings buried girls to life), 175
_Mummy, The_, 117
N
Napoleon, decree of, 12
_Native Tribes of Central Australia_, 32
_Nawgia_, or strangling, 143
Nebhapet-Ra-Mentuhetep, 113
Neglect, of children, 335, 336; among Kaffirs, 34; of young, animal, 20
Neolithic Age, 24, 31, 90, 91
_Neotragus Hemprichii_, 22
Nerva, Emperor, 230, 231, 236, 248
_New Forces in Old China_, 69
New Guinea, 24
New South Wales, 43, 147
New York, city of, 333, 335
New Zealand, sacrifices in, 152
Ngeou Yang Yun Ki, 61
Nice, Bishop of, 275
Nicholas IV., Bull of, 298
=Nicholson, R. A.=, 169, 170
Niebuhr, 215
Nietzsche, 10
Niger Delta, tribes of, 34
Night work, prohibited, 315
Nigritans, 17, 23
_Nihongi_, chronicles of Japan, 72
Nile Valley, 106
Ningirsu, 94
Ninib-mushallim, 104
Niobe, 187
Nippur, 93
Nirwana, 127
Nitobe, Inazo, 72
Nomadic people, 93
Nomads, attitude towards children, 42
Nomi-no-Sukune, 79, 80, 81
Noodt, Gerardus, 247
Norwich, England, town of, 318
Nottingham, 320
Nourisson, Paul, 334
Nugu, Papuan myth, 24
Nukufetu, 38
Numa Pompilius, 210, 213
Nuremberg, asylum at, 297
Nursing by male parents, 23
Nusse, Ernest, 334
_Nutricarii_, 289
Nyendael, 33, 34
O
=Oastler, Richard=, 325, 326, 330, 331
=Oceania=, 24
=Octavius=, 226
=Œdipus=, 187, 191, 255
_Œuvres Divers_, 111
Okeus, American Indian deity, 147
Olivier de la Crau, 295
Omar, 181
Omayya, 174
Omkar Mandharta, sacrifice to, 148
_On Abstaining from Drowning Little Girls_, 57
Onesicritus, 129
Opium, for child, 133
Orang-utan, 23
Ordinance of Braelers, 315; of Hurers, 313; of Manu, 124, 125
Orhan, 159
Origen, 259
_Origin of the Aryans_, 121
Ornamentation, facial, 25
Orphanages, in China, 65
Orphans, 35, 49, 97, 98, 229
=Ortolan=, 217, 247
Ostrogoths, 274, 283
Ou Sing King, 62
Ouang ouan, 64
Owna Dargaku, 88
Oxyrhynchus papyrus, 118, 185
Ozaim, the Fazarite, 177
=Ozanam=, 275
P
Paal, chief of, 136
Pacific islands, 41
Padrone system, 334, 335, 337
_Pædagogus_, 261
Palatine Hill, 210, 211
=Palatre, P. Gabriel=, 61, 63
Palestine, 94, 138, 139, 158
Pamphile, 193
Papuans, 24, 31; sacrifice, 24
Papyrus, Harris, 110; Oxyrhynchus, 118; Sellier, 107
Paraguay, 22
Paraguayan Chaco, 42
Parental, affection, 19, 20, 32; indifference, 20; instinct, 2, 3; solicitude, 20, 21
Paris, asylum for orphans, 297, 300, 301; Parliament of, 304; treatment of children in seventeenth century, 337
Parliament, debates in, 324, 326, 327, 328
Parliament of Paris, decree, 304
Parliamentary report, Australia, 25
Parthia, 274
Parturition house, 72, 73, 74
Passover, 160, 161
Paternal solicitude, 21
_Patesi_, 97
_Patria Potestas_, 51, 212, 217, 241, 278, 335, 339
Paul, St. Vincent de, 335
Pauper children, as apprentices, 317
=Payre, J. F. A.=, 280
Peel, Sir Robert, 324
Peking, 68
Pelet-Narbonne, D. von, 334
Pension, for mothers, 97
Peroché, 15
“Perpetual Edict,” Rome, 245
Perry, Commodore, 82
Perseria, 193
Peru, 144, 145, 146, 147; Indians, 144, 145, 146
=Petrie, W. M. F.=, 112
Phallic worship, 105, 160
Pharaoh, 160
Philippine Islands, 44, 46
Philistines, 166
Philtere, 221
Phlegon, 236
_Phœnician Maidens, The_, 191
Phœnicians, 138, 158
Picts, 275
Pipiles, tribe of Central America, 154
_Pithecanthropus erectus_, 15, 46
Pitt, William, 328
Plato, 7, 14, 188, 193, 195
Plautus, 192, 203, 205, 217, 223, 224, 225
Pleistocene period, 106
=Pliny=, 231, 234, 284
=Ploss, H. H.=, 35
Plutarch, 189, 193, 208, 212, 264
_Poetarum Comicorum Græcorum Fragmenta_, 205
Poitiers, decree at, 303
Political organization in 11,500 B. C., 106
Polyandry, 18, 19, 46
Polygamy, 122
_Polynesian Researches_, 41
Pompeii, 224
=Pontanus=, 294
Pontus, 274
_Popular Religions of Northern India_, 148
Population, diminishing, 26; of Japan, 1615–1860, 82; of Papua, 26; theories of, 82
Porcius Latro, 243
Poseidon, 186
Posidippus, 198
_Precepts of Ptah-Hotep_, 111
Priests, Brahmin, 148; Buddhist 81; Carthaginian, 237; faults of, 287; of Ptah, 111; receive children, 288
_Primitive Culture_, 141, 153, 154
Primitive, customs, 17; families, 26
_Primitive Marriage_, 213
Primitive organization, 106
Primogeniture, 151
Prisoners, marked, 160
Procopius, 178
Prolongation of infancy, 4
_Prosimii_, 23
Prostitution, 87, 259, 337
Provence, 303
Ptah, priest of, 111
Ptah-Hotep, 111
_Puer crintus_, 280
Pumsavana, 124
Punishment, by Church, 268; for drowning children, 67; for killing children, 114
Purification, by burning, 148
Puritans, 332
Purushamedha, 126
Q
Qays, story of, 173, 174
Quadrumana, 22
_Quarterly Review_, 323
Quirinal, 210
Quirites, 211
Quiyoughquisocks, or prophets, 147
R
_Races and Peoples_, 31
Reichenfels, legend of castle, 154
_Religions of Ancient Egypt and Babylonia_, 92, 94
_Renaissance of Motherhood_, 5
Rome, 223, 224, 225, 230, 235
S
Sabæans, 158, 169, 170, 171
Sabines, 210, 211
Sacrifices, 33, 148, 149, 153, 154, 155; in Alaska, 155, 156; Aryan, 142; of captives, 94; of children, Rome, 262; China, 55; coronation, 144, 146; Denmark, 152, 153; in Egypt, 112, 113; of first-born, 39, 93; of firstlings, 139, 140, 147; to Ganges, 148; of girls to placate deity of wild animals, 81; Hebrew, 142; India, 126, 134, 135, 148, 149, 152, 155; in Ireland, 276; in Japan, 78, 79, 80; jars, for sacrificed children, 150; to Juju, 154; lamb, substitute sacrifice, 161; launching sacrifices, 121, 122; to Moloch, 237; new moon, 153; in Peru, 144; to prevent plague, 153; in Rome, 262; to Saturn, 262, 276; in Sumeria 93, 94; theory of, 24
Sadler, M. T., 326, 327
Sadler committee, 328
Sagbaron, killing of, 280
Sagsag, 97
Saint, Andrew, 274; Bathilde, a child slave, 290; Christoval, natives of, 37; Chrysostom, 274; Eloi, buys St. Thean, 291; Esprit, order of, 303; Eunice, child slave, 291; Gour, 293; John, 274; Luke, 258; Marmbœuf, asylum of, 293; Marthe, charity of, 295; Patrick, 275; Paul, 262, 274; Peter, 274; Thean, 291; Thomas, 274; Thomas of Villeneuve, 299; Vincent de Paul, 12, 299, 306, 335
Sale, of child, 153; of children, 37, 86, 98, 285, 306; in bankruptcy, 324; by Gauls, 290; by parents, 337; Rome, 263, 265; of idiots, 319; of liquors to children, 338; of male child, 126; of son, 212, 213, 217; of women, 28, 29
Salian Franks, 279
Salvius Julianus, 245
=Salzman, L. F.=, 313
Samhin, 276
Samoa, 38
Samuel, II., 165
Samurai, 82, 86, 87, 88
=Sandars, Thomas Collett=, 210, 211
Sanehat, 112
Sankhayana-Grihya-Sutra, 124
Santa Maria, house of, in Sassia, 296
Saracens, 177
Sargon I., 100
Sargos, sacrifices at, 153
Sa’sa’a, 174
Satapatha-Brahmana, 126
=Satow, Ernest=, 72
Saturn, 262, 276
Satyr, 202
Saugor, city of, 148
Saul, 165
Saxons, 274, 275
=Sayce, A. H.=, 92, 94
Scamandrius, 185
Scaurus, M., 240
Scots, Albanian, 275
Scutari, foundations of, 154, 155
Scythia, 274
_Seal Cylinders of Western Asia_, 105
Seals, 22
Seasons, sacrifices in, 153, 154
Sechem, 163
Select Committee Investigation, 320
_Selections from the Kur-an_, 177
Sellier Papyrus, 107
=Sellin, Ernest=, 151
Se Ma Ts’ien, 50
Semites, 151, 169
_Semitic Magic_, 143
Semitic people, 92
Semon, Professor R., 29
Senate, of Marseilles, approves protection, 296
_Senatus Consultum_, 245, 246
Seneca, the elder, 242, 337
Senjero, 39
Serfs, 190
Servian legend, 154, 155
Severus, governor of Lucania, 283, 284
Seville, Church of, 289
Sewers, children found in, 294, 302, 305
Shaftesbury, Lord, 329, 334
Shakamuni, 82
Shamash, 99
_Shanghai Courier_, 67
Shantanu, 123
Sheik Burhan-ad-din-Ali, 180
_She-King_, 53
Shelter, first church endeavour, 292, 293; for children in Paris, 306, 307, 308
Shintoism, 78
Shirakawa Rakuo, 83
Shoguns, 73
=Shooter, Joseph=, 32
Shun Chih, 58
Silanus, D., 239
Silurian period, 16
Simon, Jules, 334
Sister, obligated for child, in Japan, 76
Sixtus Quintus, 268
Slavensk, 153
Slavery, of children, 85, 86, 152, 154, 155, 156, 174, 217, 274
Slaves, children as, 213, 319; foundlings as, 266, 289; protection of, 237
Slavonic town, sacrifice in, 153
=Sleeman, W. H.=, 149
Smith, Samuel, M.P., 334
Smith, W. Robinson, 174
Smith and Chetam, 275
Smith’s _Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography_, 187
=Smyth, R. Brough=, 28, 147
_Social Evolution_, 5
Social justice, in Israel, 158
Social organization, first, 106
_Society in China_, 69
Society for Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, 333, 336
Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children, 11; Berlin, 334; France, 334; Liverpool, 334; Milan, 334; New York, 333; Vienna, 334
Socrates Scholasticus, 188; _Ecclesiastical History_, 275
Solomon Islands, 37
Solon, 216
_Songs of the Roman People_, 153
Sophytes, kingdom of, 128
Sostrata, 197, 218, 221
South America, child-welfare movement in, 335
South Pacific islands, 143
Sparta, 193
_Spartianus_, 245
Spencer, Herbert, 2, 338
Spencer and Gillen, 32, 40
Spidale degl’ Innocenti, at Florence, 299
Squirrels, 22
_Sse Ki_, 47
Stage children, 337
Statute, of Artificers, 315; of 1601, 317
Stealing children, 291
Stele of the Vultures, 94
Sterility, 228
Stevenson, Robert Louis, 38, 44
Stoics, 13, 14
Stone Age, 46, 106, 191
Strabo, 129, 276
=Strachey, William=, 147
Strangling, 34, 143, 146, 156, 262
Styx, 202
Suabia, 276
Substitution, 34, 159; beginning of, 141; of clay or straw figures for human beings, 79, 80, 81; of foundlings, 205; in sacrifice, Egypt, 113; in sacrifice, India, 126
=Suetonius=, 229, 230, 236
Sumerian family, size of, 97
Sumerians, 90, 92, 106
Summer, sacrifices in, 154
Sun, sacrifices to, 144
Sun-god, 99
Sunahsepa, 126
Surwyejas, 136
Susa, Acropolis of, 99
Suy, River, 55
Swetaketu, 19
Switzerland, north-eastern, 276
Syria, 157
T
_Tablettes Sumériennes Archaiques_, 97
Taboo, in Japan, 72
=Tacitus=, 13, 228, 276, 277
Tai Tsong, Chinese Emperor, 54
Tantis, of Africa, 153
Tao Kang, Chinese Emperor, 62, 65
Tatius, 210
Tauri, of Pontus, 262
=Taylor, Isaac=, 121
Tche Kiang, province of, 59
_Teleostei_, 20
Telephus, 187
Tello, 93, 95, 96, 98
=Terence=, 10, 192, 196, 217–21
=Terme et Monfalcon=, 116, 269, 270, 290, 292, 293, 310
=Tertullian=, 237, 260, 261, 275
Tetka-Ra, reign of, 111
_Teutonic Mythology_, 153, 154, 155
Teutons, 120
_Theætetus_, 188, 193
Thean, St., 291
Thebans, 207
Thebes, 9, 113, 187
Theft, punished by slavery, 292
=Theodoretius=, 275
Theodoric, 283
Theodosianus, Codex, 265, 266, 267, 270, 282
Theodosius, Emperor, 263
Theodosius II., 267
Theognis, 195
Thesmophoriazusæ, 199, 205, 206
Thessalonica, Archbishop of, 271; massacre at, 263
=Thompson, R. Campbell=, 143
=Thorpe, Benjamin= (translator), 292
Thracians, 187
Threshold Covenant, 161
_Threshold Covenant, The_, 152, 153, 154
Thuringia, 276
Tiber, 226, 242, 297
Tiberius, 237
Tibet, 46
Tien Tsung, 58
Tiglath-Pileser, 166
Tigris, 92
Tillemont, 268
Titienses, 210, 211
Titthion, 187
Titus Manlius Torquatus, 239
=T-Kiai=, Chinese censor, 56
Tlinkits, Alaskan tribe, 155, 156
Toas, 88
Tokelaus, 37
Tokio (Yedo), 82; Uyeno Museum, 80
Tokugawa period, 82
Tonga Islands, 143
Toobo Toa, South Pacific chief, 143
Tophet, 167
Toulon, 275
Trajan, 163, 233, 234, 236, 284
_Travels in West Africa_, 34
Trèves, endeavour at, to protect children, 293
Tribonian, 270
Troy, 186
Troyes, Bishop of, 275
=Trumbull, H. C.=, 152, 153
Tsang, Viscount, 54
Tscheou Kong, 52
Ts’e, Odes of, 53
Ts’in Chi Hoang, 49, 50
Tsing dynasty, 55
Ts’oo, army of, 55
Tsuchi-ningio (clay figures), 80
Tsukizaka, 78
=Turner, George=, 38, 42
=Tutila=, 37
Twelve Tables, law of, 215, 222
Twins, 32, 151
=Tylor=, 141, 153, 154
U
Ugi, natives, 37
Ulfilas, 275
Ulpian, 238
Umma, men of, 94
Unborn child, valuable, 280
=Underwood, G.=, 78
United States, labour conditions in, 332
Urukagina, laws of, 95, 96
Usher, Bishop, 90
Uyeno Museum, Tokio, 80
V
Vagrant children in England, 317
Vaitupu, 38
Valence, Archbishop of, 299
Valens, Emperor, 247, 266
Valentinian, Emperor, 247, 266, 291
Watt, invention of, 318
=Way, Arthur S.=, translator, 191
Weng, prefect of Foochow, 66
Wergeld, 278, 279, 280
Wessex, king of, 282
West coast of Africa, 34
West Indies, cruelty in, 327
=Westermarck=, 19, 20, 41
Western Roman Empire, 289
Western Victorian tribes, 32
Whales, 22
Wheeler, Etta A., 335
Whipping, infant labour, 324, 325, 326, 327
Whipple, Bishop, 18
Whitington, Richard, 313
Wie Hsien, 69
=Willoughby, J. P.=, 136
Wolf, 22
Women, affection for, 31; in laws of Hadrian, 237, 238; protect children, Egypt, 110; rights of, 96; treatment of, 29, 297
_Women of Japan_, 88
Wood, John, manufacturer, 326
=Worcester, Dean C.=, 44
Workhouses, Roman, closing of, 237
Workmen, conditions among, Egypt, 108
Writ _de homine replegiando_, 336
X
_Xenodocheion_, shelter for poor, 268, 293
Xenophon, 195, 207
Y
=Yagarundi=, 22
Yahweh, 139, 158–67
Yamato-hiko, 78
Yao, or Yau, Chinese Emperor, 47, 51
Yarriba, in Africa, 153
Yedo (Tokio), 82
Yen Tcheou, 59
Yew, or Yin, sacrifice of, 55
Ynca (Inca), 144
Young, Lucien, 44
Yu Chun, 51, 52
Z
=Zagros=, 91
Zeno, 246
Zethus, 187
_Zimmi_, 183
End of Project Gutenberg's The Child in Human Progress, by George Henry Payne