Part 34

4. Persons of African descent who claimed rights under the treaty of 1866.]

[Footnote 678: February 15, 1876.]

[Footnote 679: October ----, 1876.]

[Footnote 680: April 4, 1879.]

[Footnote 681: December 12, 1879.]

[Footnote 682: A bill to this effect was introduced into the Senate by Senator Ingalls, of Kansas, June 3, 1879, and reported from the Committee on Indian Affairs, with amendments, June 4, 1880, by Senator Williams, of Kentucky.]

[Footnote 683: December 6, 1879.]

[Footnote 684: October 16, 1880.]

[Footnote 685: November 23, 1880.]

[Footnote 686: January 26, 1882.]

[Footnote 687: May 9, 1883.]

[Footnote 688: William Bartram, who traveled through their country in 1776, says (Travels in North America, p. 483): "The Cherokees in their dispositions and manners are grave and steady, dignified and circumspect in their deportment; rather slow and reserved in conversation, yet frank, cheerful, and humane; tenacious of the liberties and natural rights of man; secret, deliberate, and determined in their councils; honest, just, and liberal, and always ready to sacrifice every pleasure and gratification, even their blood and life itself, to defend their territory and maintain their rights."]

[Footnote 689: Hon. J. C. Calhoun, Secretary of War, under date of March 29, 1824, in a communication addressed to the President to be laid before the United States Senate, alludes to the provision contained in the treaty of 1791 and says: "In conformity to the provisions of this article the various utensils of husbandry have been abundantly and constantly distributed to the Cherokee Nation, which has resulted in creating a taste for farming and the comforts of civilized life."]

[Footnote 690: May 30, 1820.]

[Footnote 691: Letter of Hon. J. C. Calhoun Secretary of War, March 29, 1824. In this letter Mr. Calhoun says: "Certain benevolent societies in the year 1816 applied for permission to make establishments among the Cherokees and other southern tribes, for the purpose of educating and instructing them in the arts of civilized life. Their application was favorably received. The experiment proved so favorable, that Congress, by act of March 3, 1819, appropriated $10,000 annually as a civilization fund, which has been applied in such a manner as very considerably to increase the extent and usefulness of the efforts of benevolent individuals and to advance the work of Indian civilization."]

[Footnote 692: The eight districts into which the nation was at this time divided were, Chickamauga, Chatooga, Coosawatee, Amohee, Hickory Log, Etowah, Taquoe, and Aquohee.]

[Footnote 693: The census of the nation east of the Mississippi, taken in 1835, exhibited the following facts:

+-----------------+----------+-------+------------+---------+ | | | | Whites | | | |Cherokees.|Slaves.|intermarried| Total. | | | | | with | | | | | | Cherokees. | | +-----------------+----------+-------+------------+---------+ |In Georgia | 8,946| 776| 68| 9,790| |In North Carolina| 3,644| 37| 22| 3,703| |In Tennessee | 2,528| 480| 79| 3,087| |In Alabama | 1,424| 299| 32| 1,755| +-----------------+----------+-------+------------+---------+ | Aggregate | 16,542| 1,592| 201| 18,335| +-----------------+----------+-------+------------+---------+ ]

[Footnote 694: In addition there was ceded by this treaty for the location of other Indian tribes all the Cherokee domain in Indian Territory lying west of 96°, containing by actual survey 8,144,772.35 acres or 12,726 square miles.]

[Footnote 695: And a fractional square mile comprising 374 acres.]

INDEX.

A.

Adair, Andrew, murder of 319 Adair, James, on Cherokee boundaries 141 Adair, John Lynch, commissioner for Cherokee boundary 365 Adair, Washington, murder of 319 Adams, Captain, and acknowledged 130 Adams, John Quincy, on relations of Georgia and Cherokee 239 Alabama, alleges error in surrey of Cherokee boundary 211 Allegan or Allegwi identical with Cherokee 137 American Emigrant Company negotiates for neutral lands 349 Armstrong, F. W., commissioner to extinguish Cherokee title 241 Armstrong, R. H., aid acknowledged 130 Armstrong, William, commissioner to treat with Cherokee 298, 305 plan of, for adjusting Cherokee differences 304 Ashley, James M., commissioner for Cherokee boundary 365

B.

Barbour, James, authorized to treat with Cherokee 229 Barnett, William, Cherokee boundary commissioner 207, 208 Bartram, William, remarks on the Cherokee 135, 372 list of Cherokee towns 143 Batt, Capt. Henry, exploring party under 138 Berkeley, William, exploring expedition by 138 Blair, James, Georgia commissioner in treating with Cherokee 236 Blount, William, protest against Hopewell treaty 155 treats with Cherokee 158 instructed to treat with Cherokee 162 Boudinot, E. C., address on condition of Cherokee 285 murder of 293 compensation to heirs of 299 on Cherokee treaty of April 27, 1868 344 Bridges, J. S., commissioner to appraise Cherokee property 258 Brodie, Paul, aid acknowledged 130 Brown, David, report on Cherokee, with census by 240 Brown, Jacob, purchase from Cherokee 147 Browning, O. H., annuls sale of Cherokee neutral land by Secretary Harlan 349 Burke, Edmund, commissioner to treat with Cherokee 298, 303 Butler, P. M., Cherokee agent 297 commissioner to examine Cherokee feuds 301 Butler, Thomas, commissioner for Cherokee treaty 174

C.

Calhoun, John C., treats with Cherokee 219 on Cherokee civilization 373, 374 Campbell, David, surveyor of Cherokee boundary line 165 Campbell, Duncan G., commissioner to extinguish Indian title in Georgia 233 Campbell, William, surveyed line between Virginia and Cherokee lands 156 Carroll, William, commissioner for making and executing Cherokee treaty 253, 283 report on the Cherokee 259 Cass, Lewis, holds Cherokee council at Wapakoneta, Ohio 221 Catawba Indians, treaty of 1756 145 proposed removal of, to Cherokee country 317 Census, Cherokee, in 1825 240 in 1835 289, 377 in 1867 351 in North Carolina in 1849 313 in North Carolina in 1869 314 Census, refugee Indians, in 1862 331, 332 Chelaque identical with Cherokee 89, 135 Cherokee and Creek boundary disputes 266 Cherokee boundary of 1785, dissatisfaction with 160 Cherokee census, in 1825 240 in 1835 289, 377 in 1867 351 Cherokee cessions to the United States, area of 378 Cherokee citizenship 367 Cherokee Confederate regiment, desertion of 329 Cherokee constitution 374, 375 Cherokee country, boundaries of 205, 354, 365 Cherokee hostilities 170, 173 Cherokee lands, purchase of 210 removal of white settlers from 322, 323 cession and sale of 348 appraisal of, west of 96° 361 Cherokee migration 136 Cherokee Nation, political murders in 297, 303 Cherokee Nation of Indians, by C. C. Royce 121-378 Cherokee population 142, 377, 378 Cherokee western outlet 246, 248 Cherokee, the cessions of land by 130, 131 treaties with 133-378 known by North Carolina and Virginia settlers 138, 139 treaty relations of, with the United States 152 war with 170 proposed removal of 202 removals of 214-218, 222, 228, 254, 258, 260, 292, 341 situation of, west of the Mississippi 221, 292, 293 progress in civilization of 240 adoption of constitution by 241, 295 material prosperity among 260 protest against claims of Georgia 272 proposition of, to become citizens 274 memorials of, in Congress 275, 277, 289 unification of Eastern and Western 294 charge United States with bad faith 296 financial difficulties of 318, 320 new treaty proposed in 1854 by 320 political excitement in 1860 among 324 the Southern Confederacy and 320, 332, 333, 342 treaty of 1868 concluded with Southern 346 treaty of 1866 with loyal 347 jurisdiction of 369 Cherokee and Osage, difficulties between 242 Chester, E. W., instructed as to treaty with Cherokee 263 Chicamauga band, emigration of 150, 151 Chickasaw, Choctaw, Creek, and Cherokee, boundary between 205 Chisholm, John D., deputized by Cherokee to treat 212 Choctaw, Chickasaw, Cherokee, and Creek, boundary between 205 Clark, William, instructed to end Cherokee hostilities 221, 222 Clay, Henry, sympathy with Cherokee 287 resolution by, regarding title to Texas 355 Clements, C. C., special agent on Cherokee claims 308 Cocke, John, commissioner to extinguish Cherokee title 241 Coffee, John, objection to survey by 207, 208 appointed to assist in Cherokee removal 260 appointed to report on line between Cherokee and Georgia 270 Columbia River, Cherokee contemplate removal to 264 Confederacy, relation of Cherokee to Southern 376 Cooley, Dennis N., commissioner to treat with Cherokee 334, 341 Corwin, K. G., commissioner for Cherokee boundary 365 Cox, John T., commissioner to appraise neutral lands 351 Creek and Cherokee boundary disputes 266 Crockett, David, denounces policy toward Cherokee 288 Cumming, Alexander, treaty with Cherokee 44, 145 Curry, Benjamin F., to appraise Cherokee improvements 283 Cutifachiqui, visit of De Soto to 135

D.

Davidson, G. L., commissioner to extinguish Cherokee title 241 Davie, William R., commissioner for Cherokee treaty 184 Davis, William M., report on state of feeling among Cherokee in Georgia 284 Dearborn, Henry, treats with Cherokee 193, 195 Delaware Indians, cession of land in Indiana 137 join Cherokee 356-358 De Soto, visit of, to Cherokee 134 visit of, to Cutifachiqui 135 Dobbs, Arthur, grant by 145 Doublehead, Cherokee chief, secret agreement with 191, 192, 193 grant for 192, 193 Doublehead tract, controversy respecting 192 Drennan, John, authorized to pay Cherokee claims 312 Drew, Colonel of Cherokee Confederate regiment 329 Dunlap, R. G., speech on Cherokee affairs 285

E.

Earle, Elias, negotiates for iron ore tract of Cherokee Nation 199, 200 Eaton, John H., appointed to negotiate treaty with Cherokee 275 commissioner to settle Cherokee claims 298 Ellicott, Andrew, survey of Cherokee boundary by 163-165 Ellsworth, Henry L., commissioner to treat with Cherokee 249 commissioner to report on country assigned to the Indians of the West 251 Everett, Edward, denounces policy toward Cherokee 288 Ewing, Thomas, counsel for Cherokee 345

F.

Franklin, treaties with the State of 151, 152

G.

Gallagher, W. D., commissioner for Cherokee boundary 365 Georgia, protests of, against Hopewell treaty 155 United States agree to extinguish Indian title in 233 action by, regarding Cherokee 234, 236 view of, as to Indian title 241 Supreme Court decision in Cherokee Nation vs. Georgia 262 Supreme Court decision in Worcester vs. Georgia 264 refusal of, to submit to decision of Supreme Court respecting Cherokee 266 hostility of, to Van Buren's compromise in Cherokee affairs 290 Georgia and United States, measures of, to remove Indians 260 Glasscock, Thomas, and John King protest against treaty of 1785 155 "Government" or "Ross" party of Cherokee 293, 298, 299 Graham, George, commissioner to treat with Cherokee 197, 198, 205 Grave Creek, West Virginia, mounds 51, 136 Grey, Alexander, commissioner to extinguish Cherokee title 241 Guess, George, inventor of Cherokee alphabet 230 death of 302 Gwin, James W., commissioner to treat with Cherokee 288

H.

Hardin, Joseph, survey of Cherokee boundary by 156 Harlan, James, contracts for sale of Cherokee neutral land 340, 349 Harney, W. S., commissioner to treat with Indians 341 Hawkins, Benjamin, commissioner to treat with Cherokee 133, 184 journal of 165-169 Haywood, John, on origin and habitat of Cherokee 136 Henderson, Richard, purchase of land from Cherokee by 148 Hood, Robert N., aid acknowledged 130 Hopewell, proceedings at treaty of 152, 153, 155, 158 Houston, Robert, surveyor of Cherokee line in Tennessee 227, 232 Hubley, Edward B., commissioner to settle Cherokee claims 298 Hunter, A. R.S., commissioner to appraise Cherokee property 258

I.

Indians, removal of, west of the Mississippi River 214 Intercourse act of 1796 173

J.

Jack, Patrick, grant to 145 Jackson, Andrew, protests against Cherokee boundary of 1816 206 commissioner for Cherokee treaty 209, 212, 215, 216 refuses to approve Cherokee treaty of 1834 252 advice to Cherokee 258 on decision in Worcester vs. Georgia 266 urges Cherokee to remove 273 method of, for compelling Cherokee removal 297 Jefferson, Thomas, on, removal of Cherokee 202, 203 Jones, Evan, alleged founder of Pin Society 325 appropriation for 339 Jones, John B., warned to leave Cherokee 324 Jones, R., commissioner to examine Cherokee feuds 301 Johnson, Robert, Indian census in South Carolina in 1715 by 142 Johnston, William, financial relations to Cherokee Indians 315 Joy, James F., contract for Cherokee neutral lands by 340, 350

K.

Kansa or Kaw, removal to Indian Territory 360 Kennard, Thomas V., commissioner to appraise Indian lands 363 Kennedy, John, commissioner to treat with Cherokee 288 Keowee Old Town on map by Bowen 141, 142 Kilpatrick, John Clark, surveyor of Cherokee boundary line 165, 168 King, John, and Thomas Glasscock protest against treaty of 1785 155 Knox, Henry, on violation of treaty of Hopewell 160, 161 treaty with Cherokee executed by 171 Kretschmar, H. R., commissioner to appraise confiscated property of Cherokee 351

L.

Lea, John M., aid acknowledged 130 Liddell, James, commissioner to treat with Cherokee 288 Lovely's purchase 245 Lowry, John, commissioner to urge Cherokee to remove 262 Lumpkin, Wilson, surveyor of Cherokee line 227 commissioner to execute Cherokee treaty 283

M.

McCulloch, Benjamin, Confederate commander in Cherokee country 326 M'Intosh, Lachlane, agent of Tennessee with Cherokee 179 commissioner to treat with Cherokee 133 McMinn, Joseph, commissioner for Cherokee treaty 212, 216 on Cherokee migration 218, 223-225 appointed Cherokee agent 236 Martin, Joseph, commissioner to treat with Cherokee 133 Mason, John, Jr., report on Cherokee affairs 286 Mason, R. B., commissioner to examine Cherokee feuds 301 Maxwell, C. A., aid acknowledged 130 Meigs, Return J., commissioner of survey of Cherokee boundary 181-183, 187, 188, 189, 190, 191, 192, 194, 196, 200, 201, 204, 210, 211, 218-231, 232, 374 relations of, to the Cherokee 231, 232 death of 236 Merriwether, David, commissioner for Cherokee treaty 209, 212, 216, 235 Merriwether, James, commissioner to extinguish Indian title in Georgia 233, 235 Missourias removed to Indian Territory 364 Mitchell, D P., surveys Cherokee boundary 365 Monroe, James, on relations of Cherokee and Georgia 238, 239 Moore, Alfred, commissioner to treat with Cherokee 176 MoUzon's map, 1771, Cherokee towns on 143 Mullay, J. C., census of Cherokee in North Carolina in 1849 by 313 Munsee join Cherokee 356-358 Munson, Spencer, aid acknowledged 130

N.

New Echota, Cherokee council at 280 adoption of Cherokee constitution at 374 Neutral land, proposed cession of, by Cherokee 319, 320 Nez Percé removed to Indian Territory 364 North Carolina, protests against Hopewell treaty 155 Cherokee refuse to cede lands in 260

O.

Old Settler Cherokee party 293, 375 payments to 299 propose to remove to Mexico 302 claims of, settled 307 O-poth-le-yo-ho-lo loyal to the United States 330, 331 Osage half breed reserves, purchase of 252 Osage and Cherokee, treaty between 222 difficulties between 242 Osage removed to Indian Territory 359 Otoe removed to Indian Territory 364

P.

Parker, E. S., commissioner to treat with Indians 341 Parris, Albion K., commissioner to treat with Cherokee 298, 305 Pawnee removed to Indian Territory 360 Phillips, Wm. A., Cherokee commissioner to appraise neutral lands 351 Pickens, Andrew, commissioner to treat with Cherokee as to boundary 133, 165, 180 Pike, Albert, as to Pin Society 325 Cherokee commissioner for Confederate States 326, 327, 328, 329 Pin Society of Cherokee 325 Ponca removed to Indian Territory 364 Price, Hiram, aid acknowledged 130

R.

Rector, William, surveyed Cherokee line in Arkansas 222 Ridge, John, with Cherokee delegation at Washington 278, 279 murder of 293 compensation to heirs of 299 "Ridge" party of Cherokee 293 Ridge treaty rejected by Cherokee 280 Robertson, James, commissioner of Cherokee treaty 194 Rogers, James, deputized by Cherokee to treat 212 Ross, Andrew, proposition for Cherokee treaty 274, 275 and others, preliminary treaty concluded with 275 Ross, John, applies for injunction against Georgia 262, 272 alleged attempt to bribe 273 protests against the removal of Cherokee 273, 275 opposition to Andrew Ross's proposition 275 heads Cherokee delegation to Washington in 1835 278, 279 arrest of 281 opposition to treaty 282 refusal of, to acquiesce in treaty 283 proposes new Cherokee treaty 291 heads delegation to Washington in 1844 300 advises sale of Fort Gibson in town lots 322 opposes survey and allotment of Cherokee domain 324 relations of, to Southern Confederacy 326-332 not recognized as principal chief of Cherokee 343, 344 death of 347 "Ross" or "Government" party of Cherokee 293 Robertson, Charles, deed to, on the Watauga 147 Robertson, General, agent of Tennessee with Cherokee 179 Rutherford, Griffith, march against Cherokee 157

S.

Saline or salt plains, treaty provisions regarding 250, 300 Schermerhorn, John F., commissioner to treat with Cherokee 249, 253, 257, 282 commissioner to report on country assigned to Indians of the West 251 appointed to treat with Ridge Cherokee delegation 278, 279 Schoolcraft, H. R., on identity of the Allegan with the Cherokee 137 Scott, Winfield, ordered to command troops in Cherokee country 291 Sells, Elijah, commissioner to treat with Cherokee 334, 341 Sequoyah, or George Guess, death of 302 Shawnee, expelled by Cherokee and Chickasaw 144 join Cherokee 356-358 Smith, Daniel, commissioner for treaty with Cherokee 183, 187, 190 Smith, Thomas E., commissioner to appraise Indian lands 363 South Carolina, endeavors of, to extinguish Cherokee title 204, 205 Southern Confederacy and the Cherokee 326-333, 342 Sprague, Peleg, denounces policy toward Cherokee 288 Steele, John, commissioner to treat with Cherokee 176 Stevens, E. L., aid acknowledged 130 Stokes, Montfort, commissioner to treat with Cherokee 249 commissioner to report on country assigned to Indians of the West 251 Storrs, Henry R., denounces policy toward Cherokee 288 Strum, G. P., aid acknowledged 130 Stuart, James, agent of Tennessee to treat with Cherokee 179 Supreme Court decision, in Cherokee Nation vs. Georgia 262 in Worcester vs. Georgia 264 Sweatland, S. H., census of Cherokee in North Carolina in 1869 by 314

T.

Talootiske, Cherokee, grant of 193 Tatnall, E. F., appointed to assist in Cherokee removal 260 Taylor, Nathaniel G., commissioner to treat with Cherokee 340, 352 Tennessee, commissioners from, to treaty council of Cherokee 179 endeavor of, to treat with Cherokee 201 on validity of Cherokee reservations 232 Tennessee Company, purchase of Cherokee land by 162 Thomas, William H., agent for Cherokee 315 Thompson, R. F., aid acknowledged 130 Tompkins, H., census of Cherokee in 1867 by 351 Topping, Enoch H., commissioner to appraise Indian lands 363 Treaties and purchases of 1777 149 Treaties between the State of Franklin and the Cherokee 151, 152 Treaties of March 22, 1816 197, 198 Treaty and purchase of 1721 144 Treaty and purchase of 1755 145 Treaty and purchase of 1768 146 Treaty and purchase of 1770 146 Treaty and purchase of 1772 146 Treaty and purchase of 1773 148 Treaty and purchase of 1783 151 Treaty between Confederate States and Cherokee 328 Treaty Cherokee propose to remove to Mexico 302 Treaty of Hopewell, proceedings at 152 Treaty of 1756 145 Treaty of 1760 145 Treaty of 1761 146 Treaty of 1775 148 Treaty of November 28, 1785 133, 158 Treaty of July 2, 1791 158 Treaty of February 17, 1792 169 Treaty of June 26, 1794 171 Treaty of October 2, 1798 174 Treaty of October 24, 1804 183 Treaty of October 25, 1805 189 Treaty of October 27, 1805 190 Treaty of January 7, 1806 193 Treaty of September 11, 1807 194 Treaty of September 14, 1816 209 Treaty of July 8, 1817 212 Treaty of February 27, 1819 219 Treaty of May 6, 1828 229 Treaty of February 14, 1833 249 Treaty of December 29, 1835 253 Treaty of 1835, adjudication of 305 Treaty of 1835 declared void by Cherokee 294 Treaty of March 1, 1836, supplementary 257 Treaty of August 6, 1846 298 Treaty of July 19, 1866 334 Treaty of April 27, 1868 340 "Treaty" or "Ridge" party of Cherokee 293 payments to 299 feuds of 301, 302 Troup, Governor, on relations of Cherokee to Georgia 237 Tyler, John M., promises settlement of difficulties with Cherokee 296

V.

Van Buren, Martin, offers a compromise in Cherokee affairs 290 Vashon, George, negotiates a treaty with Cherokee 252 Voorhees, D. W., counsel for Cherokee 345

W.

Waddell, Hugh, negotiates treaty of 1756 with Cherokee and Catawba 145 Wafford's settlement 186, 187 Wales, Samuel A., instructed by Governor Forsyth to establish Cherokee boundary line 269 Walton, George, commissioner to treat with Cherokee 174, 176 Washington, George, in relation to Cherokee 161, 173 Watie, Stand, a Confederate leader in the civil war 298, 325, 328, 333 confiscation act against adherents of 343 Webster, Daniel, denounces policy toward Cherokee 288, 290 Wellborn, Johnson, Georgia commissioner in treating with Cherokee 236 Whitner, Joseph, surveyor of Cherokee boundary line 165, 168 Wilkerson, William N., commissioner to appraise Indian lands 363 Wilkinson, James, commissioner for Cherokee treaty 184 Winchester, James, survey of Cherokee boundary line by 154 commissioner for Cherokee boundary 165 Wise, Henry A., denounces policy toward Cherokee 288, 289 Wistar, Thomas, commissioner to treat with Indians 341 Wool, John E., in command of troops in Cherokee Nation 283 report on Cherokee affairs 286 relieved 289 Worcester vs. Georgia, Supreme Court decision in 264

Y.

Yellow Creek settlement 183

BUREAU OF ETHNOLOGY FIFTH ANNUAL REPORT PL. VIII

BUREAU OF ETHNOLOGY FIFTH ANNUAL REPORT PL. IX