Part 41

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FOOTNOTES:

[1]

“Inde vagos Vaga Cambrenses, hinc respicit Anglos;

Qui cum jam ad ostium fere devenerit _Chepstow_ præterfluit, id est, si è Saxonico interpreteris forum vel negotiationis locus Britannis, _Castle Went_, oppidum hoc est celebre quondam mœnibus nunc solum Castro firmum, cujus domini fuerunt è Clarensium familia nobiles, à proximo Castro _Strighull_, quod incoluerunt _Striguliæ_ et Penbrochiæ Comites dicti quorum ultimus Richardus.”

[2] Longitudo ecclesiæ _prioratus_ Chepstow, 50 virgæ. latitudo eccl. prædictæ, 33 virgæ.--_Will. de Worc._ 133.

[3] Longitudo pontis de Chepstow, 126 virgæ.--_Will. de Worc._ 133.

[4] From the form of the British Channel, says De la Beche, and the absence of a free passage for the waters, such as exists at the Straits of Dover, in the English Channel, westerly winds force up and sustain a great body of water, thereby raising the sea above the mean level several feet. During such phenomena, it is said, the body of water in the river assumes a convex surface. In the great storm of 1703, the tide flowed over the top of Chepstow bridge, inundating all the low land, and washing away whole farm-yards and incalculable stock.

[5] Life and Letters of Thomas Campbell, vol. ii. p. 278.--_Note._

[6] See CASTLES AND ABBEYS, vol. i. of this work, Carisbrooke, Isle of Wight. Upon the death of the renowned Fitzosborne, Dugdale, quoting the Monk of Utica, thus moralizes:--“After this short life of nature, there is a long life of Fame, who will blow her trumpet aloud to posterity, and plainly lay open to the world as well the bad as good actions of the most potent that shall be in their highest pitch of worldly power. ‘Veré ut gloria mundi flos feni,’ &c. Certainly the glory of this world fadeth and withereth as the flowers of the field; yea, it passeth away and vanisheth even as smoke. What,” he continues, “is become of William Fitzosborne , Earl of Hereford, vicegerent of the king, sewer of Normandy, that most warlike general! Was he not, in truth, the chief and greatest oppressor of the English, and he who cherished an enormous cause by his boldness, whereby many thousands were brought to miserable ends! Lo! the just Judge, beholding all things, rewardeth even man according to his demerits. Alas, is he not now slain? Hath not this hardy champion had his desert? As he slew many with the sword, so he suddenly received his death by the sword.”--_Baronage, 67, quoting Orderic Vitulis._

[7] _Richardus_ vir infracto animo et projectissimis brachiis _Strangbow_ cognominatus, quod arcu intentissimo uteretur, et nihil levi brachio ageret. Hiberniam Normannis primus sua virtute aperuit.--_Camden._

[8] “A full and particular relation of the manner of the late besieging and taking of Chepstow Castle, in Wales, by the forces of his Excellency the Lord Fairfax, expressed in a letter from Colonel Ewer to the Honourable William Lentall, Speaker of the House of Commons. The governor to the said castle within, that betrayed it to the King’s forces, was slain in this service; as also all the rest of the commanders and soldiers killed and taken. London: printed by Mathew Simmons, for Henry Overton, in Paper Head Alley, 1648.”

[9] Historical and Descriptive Account, &c., of Chepstow Castle, 1808; Heath; Burke’s Commoners, &c.

[10] The family of Kemeys is one of the most ancient in Monmouthshire. The late William Kemeys, Esq. of the Maindee, and the present J. Gardiner Kemeys, Esq. of Pertholy, are descended from the same family.

[11] This report is somewhat different from that given by another authority, already quoted.

[12] If such be the fact, it would almost lead to the conclusion that there was some truth in the story of the Parliament party having disposed of his remains in some unusual way; although, otherwise, the story seems very improbable, as that was not the form in which their cruelty was wont to show itself. They were likely enough to have seized his estate, his goods and chattels, and to have turned his family out of doors; but they had no respect for dignities or titles, and cared little for churches, churchyards, and dead bodies.

[13] This lady showed Mr. Heath a document of Oliver Cromwell, of which the following is a copy:--

Oliver P. It is our will and pleasure that you permit and suffer Colonel Edward Coke, with his company and hounds, to hunt, kill, and dispose of a Brace of Staggs, this season, in our Parke or Woodes neer Chepstowe, and that you, and every of you, be aydeing and assisting to him herein; and for your soe doing this shall be your sufficient warrant.

Given at Whitehall, the 12 July, 1683.

To Major Blethan, or, in his absence, to Lieutenant Phillips, or any other of the keepers of Chepstow Parke or Wentwood Chase.

[14] See Burke’s Commoners, vol. iv.

[15] This connection of the two Cromwells, through the Kemeys family, is worth notice.

[16] Of the Tynte family, Burke gives the following account:--

“The family of _Tynte_ has maintained for centuries a leading position in the west of England; of its surname, tradition has handed down the following derivation:--‘In the year 1192, at the celebrated battle of Ascalon, a young knight of the noble house of Arundel, clad all in white, with his horse’s housings of the same colour, so gallantly distinguished himself on that memorable field, that Richard Cœur-de-Lion remarked publicly, after the victory, that the maiden knight had borne himself as a lion, and done deeds equal to those of six crusaders; whereupon he conferred on him for arms, a lion _gules_ on a field _argent_, between six crosslets of the first, and for motto, _Tynctus cruore Saraceno_.’”--_Commoners._

[17] C. J. Kemeys-Tynte, Esq., M.P., F.R.S.--whose father, C. Kemeys-Tynte, Esq., succeeded to the estates of his great-uncle, the last baronet--is coheir to the barony of Grey-de-Wilton; and in July, 1845, was declared by a committee for privileges of the House of Lords, to be senior coheir of the whole blood to the abeyant barony of Wharton.--_Dod’s Parliam. Comp._, 1847.

[18] With regard to the tower called “Longine,” the tradition ran, that “it had been erected by one Longinus, a Jew, father of the soldier whose spear pierced the side of Christ. He was condemned either for some crime of his own, or for having given birth to a criminal, to repair to Britain, and there to erect a religious edifice on the river Wye. That edifice was the Chapel of our Lady in the castle; and although a Jew, the said Longinus appears to have had a fine Gothic taste.”

[19] Of the supposed chapel, Mr. Williams says--“This is not in the usual style of such a building: the windows, arches, and other decorated parts were extremely rich, and in the finest Gothic taste. There are, however, several traces of plain Saxon arches filled up in the wall [arches of construction], which indicate a higher antiquity than the general decorations of the castle.”

[20] By him the vote was proposed, that the King’s statues at the Royal Exchange and other places should be taken down, and the following inscription substituted:--“_Exit Tyrannus, Regum ultimus, Anno Libertatis Angliæ Restitutæ primo_, A.D. 1648.” When it was proposed, “that the House of Peers in parliament was useless and dangerous, and ought to be abolished,” Marten proposed that the word _dangerous_ should be omitted, and that _useless_ alone should be retained, and that it should be declared that the Lords _were useless, but not dangerous_.--_Parl. Hist._

[21] Sir Henry Marten, his father, was one of the brightest ornaments of the age in which he lived. He was principal Judge of the Admiralty, twice Dean of the Arches, a Knight, and, in 1684, Judge of the Prerogative Court, in all of which offices he was allowed to be one of the most eminent civilians that ever filled them. He was in high favour with his sovereign, King James, who jocularly used to remark on Sir Henry, “that he was judge over the dead and over the living.” He died the 26th of September, 1641, aged 80, and was buried at his seat at Longworth, near Abingdon, in Berkshire.--_Heath._

[22] On the contrary, it is said by other writers that he was affectionately attended by his wife and daughters during his incarceration in Chepstow Castle.

[23] This anecdote does credit to Marten’s spirit, and very little to Mr. Lewis, “who first violated the rules of good breeding towards a man who, at the very time, was expiating what power had made a crime, and then revenged himself by a petty inhospitality. It was punishment enough, surely, for poor Marten to have been imprisoned for twenty years, without having to accept a dinner on such terms.”

[24] Old Antony Wood was not likely to speak well of any regicide, and from the hypothetical way in which he speaks of Marten’s penitence, he seems to have known of the anecdote with Mr. Lewis, or, at least, as much as it indicates.--See his character as given by MR. CARLYLE.

[25] As no such epitaph was at all likely to be permitted to be engraven, on the tombstone, if Marten was even allowed a tombstone, until after the Revolution, which took place nine years after his death, is it not more likely that these lines were composed by some quaint “Old Mortality” of the Cromwell school, than by the subject of them?--_Correspondent._

[26] How Mr. Seward or Mr. Heath could have applied this quotation to Marten, it is difficult to imagine.

[27] Here follows a disquisition on the genuineness of the picture, which concludes:--“Such is the account attached to this picture, which, after what has been said, does not positively prove it to be the portrait of Henry Marten; but I am the more inclined to assent to the traditionary evidence, because it has all the character of such a man. It further seems to have been taken while he was in the army, from his wearing armour, being Cromwell’s major-general over the county of Surrey, in which command his conduct was marked by the most flagrant rapacity; so that the picture must have been brought to St. Pierre, and not painted during his residence in Monmouthshire. If, therefore, the picture must be received as the portrait of Harry Marten, I am led to believe that, when his family came to share in his confinement, they brought it with them to Chepstow, and, after Marten’s decease, gave it to Mr. Lewis’s ancestors. It is in the finest preservation.”

[28] The Lords of Striguil were entitled to the prisage and butlerage of all wines brought into the ports of Swansea and Chepstow.

[29] Tradition relates that an officer actually made his escape from this castle in the manner described, and, crossing the river by swimming, joined the Protector’s army on the Gloucester heights, where a battery was established.

[30] During the siege, as the tradition runs, a barge lay at anchor immediately under this window, by means of which, if driven to extremity, the governor at least, and part of the garrison--desperate as the attempt must have been--might be enabled to make their escape. This becoming an object of suspicion, a soldier of the republican army volunteered to deprive the governor of this last resource. Throwing himself at midnight into the river, he swam to the barge, and there with a knife, which he had carried in his teeth for that purpose, severed the cable, sent the boat adrift, and then swam back to his comrades in triumph.