Chapter 15

Enoch, though Hilgenfeld thinks he has discovered it in lxxxix. 61-64 and xc. 17. (_Dillmann’s Das Buch Henoch_, pp. 61, 63). Was another apocryphal Jewish book current in the time of Barnabas, under the name of Enoch; or did he confound one document with another, misled by the Greek translation of an apocalyptic work which had fallen into discredit? See Hilgenfeld’s _Barnabae Epistula_, ed. 2 pp. 77, 78.

159 Chapter xi.

_ 160 Hist. Eccles._ iii. 39.

161 A small body of literature originating in the fragment of Papias preserved by Eusebius (Hist. Eccles. iii, 39, 1-4) has appeared; though it is difficult to obtain satisfactory conclusions. Not only have Weiffenbach and Leimbach written treatises on the subject, but other scholars have entered into it more or less fully,—Zahn, Steitz, Riggenbach, Hilgenfeld, Lipsius, Keim, Martens, Loman, Holtzmann, Hausrath, Tietz, and Lightfoot. The fragment is not of great weight in settling the authenticity of the four gospels. Indirectly indeed it throws some light on the connection of two evangelists with written memoirs of the life of Jesus; but it rather suggests than solves various matters of importance. It is tolerably clear that the gospels, if such they may be called, of which he speaks as written by Matthew and Mark, were not identical with the works now existing under the names of these evangelists; and that no safe conclusion can be drawn from Papias’s silence about John’s and Luke’s as not then in existence. Neither the present gospels nor any other had been converted into _Scripture_; since he regarded oral traditions as more credible than written memoirs. Those who hold that the presbyter John was none other than the apostle, Eusebius having misunderstood the fragment and made a different John from the apostle, as well as the critics who deduce from the fragment the fact that John suffered martyrdom in Palestine, have not established these conclusions. Papias refers to the material he got for explaining the λογία, rather than the source whence they were drawn. But whether he learnt directly from the elders, or indirectly as the preposition (παρὰ) would seem to indicate, and whether the sentence beginning with “What Andrew,” &c., (τί Ἀνδρέας κ. τ. λ.) stands in apposition to the “words of the elders,” (τούς τῶν πρεσβυτέρων λόγους) or not, are things uncertain.

_ 162 Epist. ad Philadelph._, ch. 5 See Hefele’s note on the passage. The other well-known passage in chapter viii. is too uncertain in reading and meaning to be adduced here.

163 Chapter iii.

164 To the Ephesians, chapter xii.

_ 165 Epist. ad Romanos_, iv.

_ 166 Testam. Benj._ 11, p. 201, ed. Sinker.

_ 167 Zeitschrift für wissenschaftliche Theologie_, 1875, p. 490, _et seq._

168 Ἐν τόις ἀπομνημονέυμασαι, ἄ φημι ὑπὸ τῶν ἀποστόλων αὐτοῦ καὶ τῶν ἐκείνοις παρακολουθησάντων συντετάχθαι. Sec. 103. Here “the apostles” are not necessarily Matthew and John. Apocryphal gospels then current bore the name of apostles or their attendants,—of Peter, James, Nicodemus, Matthias, &c.

169 Καὶ τὸ εἰπεῖν μετωνομακέναι αὐτὸν Πέτρον καὶ γεγράφθαι ἐν τοῖς ἀπομνημονεύμασαι αὐτοῦ γεγενημένον καὶ τοῦτο, μετὰ τοῦ καὶ, κ. τ. λ. Dial. cum Tryph., 106. Here the pronoun αὐτοῦ probably refers to Peter. And the expression “his memoirs” can hardly mean Mark’s gospel, since Jerome is the first that calls it such.

_ 170 Dialogus_, part ii., p. 315, ed. Thirlby. Comp. on Justin, Tjeenk-Willink’s _Justinus Martyr in zijne Verhouding tot Paulus_.

_ 171 Apolog._ i. 97, ed. Thirlby.

_ 172 Hieronymi Prooem._ in _Epist. ad Titum._

173 Comp. chap. xii., where γραφαί is applied to the apostolic epistles; a title they did not receive so early as the age of Polycarp. Zahn himself admits this.

174 Chapter xiv. 2.

175 Chapter ii. 4.

176 See _Clementis Romani ad Corinthios quae discuntur epistulae, ed. de Gebhardt et Harnack_, 2., sec. 10, Prolegomena.

_ 177 Legat. pro Christ._ II, 12.

_ 178 Ibid._ 33.

179 Chapter xviii.

_ 180 Ap._ Euseb. H. E., iv. 23.

_ 181 Ap_. Euseb. H. E., v. 1, p. 144, ed. Bright.

182 θεῖος λόγος. _Ad Autolycum_, iii. 14, p. 1141, ed Migne.

_ 183 Ibid._, ii. 22.

184 Epist. 151, ad Algasiam.

185 See Overbeck’s _Studien zur Geschichte der alten Kirche, Abhandlung_ I., in which the date of the letter is brought down till after Constantine. Surely this is too late.

186 Davidson’s _Introduction to the Study of the New Testament_, vol. ii. p. 508, &c.

187 τὸ εὐαγγέλιον.

188 ὁ ἀπόστολος.

_ 189 Adves. Hæres._, iv. 20, 2.

_ 190 Stromateis_, ii. 6, p. 965, ed. Migne.

_ 191 Ibid._, iv. 17, p. 1312.

_ 192 Ibid._, i. 29, p. 928.

_ 193 De Oratione_, cap. 12.

_ 194 De Pudicitia_, cap. 10-20.

195 G. of St. Paul’s epistles, a MS. of the ninth century according to Tischendorf.

196 See Anger’s _Ueber den Laodicener Brief_, 1843.

_ 197 Fertur etiam ad Laudecences alia ad Alexandrinos Pauli nomine fincte ad hesem Marcionis el alia plura quæ in Catholicam ecclesiam recepi non potest._ Perhaps a comma should be put after _nomine_, and _fincte_ joined to what follows, to the _alia plura_ said to be forged in the interest of Marcion.

_ 198 Quarti evangeliorum Johannis ex discipulis cohortantibus condiscipulis et episcopis suis dixit conjejunate mihi odie triduo el quid cuique fuerit revelatum alterutrum nobis ennarremus eadem nocte revelatum Andreæ ex apostolis ut recogniscentibus cunctis Johannis suo nomine cuncta discriberet._

199 It is printed and largely commented on by Credner in his _Geschichte des neutestamentlichen Kanon_ edited by Volkmar, p. 141, &c., and by Westcott _On the Canon_, Appendix C, p. 466, 2d edition. Many others have explained it; especially Hilgenfeld.

200 About A.D. 190.

_ 201 Euseb._ H. E. vi. 12.

202 Tischendorf edited the Pauline epistles from this MS. Lipsiæ, 1852.

203 Died 254 A.D.

204 τὰ ἐν τῇ διαθήκη βιβλία, ἐνδιάθηκα, ὁμολογούμενα.

205 In one place, however, he calls it _very useful and divinely inspired_. _Comment. in ep. ad Roman._, xvi. 14.

206 νόθα.

207 Ap. Euseb, _Hist. Eccles._, vi. 25; iii. 25, ἀντιλεγόμενα.

208 See Euseb. _H. E._ vi. 25. _Comment. in Malth._, iii. p. 463; _Ibid._, p. 814; _Comment. in ep. ad Roman._, iv. p. 683; _in Matth._, iii. p. 644; _Homil._ viii. _in Numb._, ii. p. 294; _Contra Cels._, i. 63, p. 378; _De Principiis præf._, i. p. 49. _Opp._, ed. Delarue.

209 Died 340 A.D.

_ 210 Hist. Eccles._, iii. 25; also 31, 39; vi. 13, 14.

211 ὁμολογούμενα, ἐνδιάθηκα, ἀναμφίλεκτα, ἀναντίρρητα.

212 ἀντιλεγόμενα, γνώριμα δὲ τοῖς πολλοῖς, ἐν πλείσταις ἐκκλησίαις δεδημοσιευμένα, νόθα.

213 ἄτοπα πάντη καὶ δυσσεβῆ; παντελῶς νόθα (iii. 31).

214 This last with the qualification εἴγε φανείη. In another place he states that it was rejected by some, and therefore it is also along with the ἀντιλεγόμενα or νόθα.

215 μικτά.

216 νόθα.

217 νοθεύομαι. _Hist. Eccles._, ii. 23. Christophorson, Schmid, and Hug think that Eusebius gave the opinion of others in this word: but it is more likely that he gave his own, as Valesius thinks. See the note in Schmid’s _Historia antiqua et vindicatio Canonis, &c._, p. 358.

_ 218 Ibid._, vi. 14.

219 See Weber’s _Beiträge zur Geschichte des neutestamentlichen Kanons_, p. 142, &c.

220 ὁμολογουμένη. _Hist. Eccles._, iii. 16.

_ 221 Adversus Hæres_, iii., II, 8.

_ 222 Adv. Marc._ iv. 5.

_ 223 De præscript. hæret._ c. 36.

_ 224 De præscript. hæret._ c. 32.

_ 225 Ap. Euseb. Hist. Eccles._ ii. 15 and vi. 14.

_ 226 Ignatius von Antiochien_, 1873; and Prolegomena to the _Patrum Apostolicorum opera_, by de Gebhardt, Harnack, and Zahn, Fasciculus, ii.

_ 227 Geschichte des neutest. Kanon_, p. 217, &c.

228 See _Constit. Apostol._, p. 67, ed Ueltzen.

229 Died 386 A.D.

_ 230 Catech._, iv. 22, pp. 66, 67, ed. Milles.

_ 231 Ibid._, xi. p. 142.

_ 232 Ibid._, vi. p. 80.

_ 233 Ibid._, ix. pp. 115, 122.

_ 234 Ibid._, ix. p. 115.

_ 235 Ibid._, ii. p. 31.

_ 236 Ibid._, xvi. p. 239.

237 Athanasii _Opp._ ed. Benedict. i. 2, pp. 962, 963.

_ 238 Orat. contra Arianos_, ii. 35, vol. i. 503, ed. Benedict.

_ 239 Ibid._, ii. 42, i. p. 510.

_ 240 Ibid._, ii. 79, i. p. 546.

_ 241 Epist. ad episcop. Ægypt._, &c., i. 1, p. 272.

_ 242 Contra Arian._, i. 12, i. p. 416.

_ 243 Apolog. contra Arianos_, ii. vol. i. p. 133.

_ 244 Praepar Evan._, i. 9.

_ 245 Ibid._, xi. 14.

_ 246 Ibid._, xii. 18.

_ 247 Ibid._, vi. 11.

_ 248 Demon. Evang._, vi. 19.

249 Died 379 A.D.

_ 250 Homil. in princip. proverb. Opp._ ed. Garnier altera, vol. ii. p. 140.

_ 251 Constitutiones Monast._, c. iii. 2. _Ibid._, p. 779.

_ 252 Adv. Eunom_, vol. i. p. 417.

_ 253 De Spiritu Sancto_, c. viii. vol. iii. p. 23.

_ 254 In Princip. Proverb_, vol. ii. p. 152.

255 Died 389 A.D.

_ 256 Opp._ ed. Migne, vol. iii. pp. 473, 474.

257 Gregorii Nazianzeni, _Opp._ ed. Migne, vol. iii. pp. 473, 474.

258 Died 395 A.D.

259 Iambi ad Seleucum; in Greg. Naz. _Opp._ ii. p. 194.

260 Died 403 A.D.

261 ἀμφιλέκτα. _Adv. Hæres_, i. p. 19. See _Hæres_, iii. tom. i. p. 941. De ponder. et mensur. 23.

_ 262 Advers. Hæres_, lib. i., tom. 2 ed. Petav. Paris, 1662, p. 72.

_ 263 Ibid._, lib. ii. tom. ii. p. 781.

_ 264 Ibid._, lib. ii. tom. i. p. 580.

_ 265 Ibid._, lib, ii. tom. i. p. 481.

_ 266 Ibid._, lib. i. tom. ii. p. 157.

_ 267 Hæres_, xxx. 15.

268 Died 392 A.D.

269 Enarrat. in ep. S. Petri secundam, p. 1774 ed Migne.

270 Died 407 A.D.

271 See Montfaucon in his edition of Chrysostom’s Works, vol. vi. pp. 364, 365, ed. Paris, 1835.

272 Expos. in Psalm cix. 7. See also xi. 1 in Genes, where Wisdom xiv. 3 is cited.

273 Expos. in Psalm xlix. 3.

274 De Lazaro, ii. 4.

275 Died 392 A.D.

_ 276 De Trinitate_, iii. 2. p. 792 ed. Migne.

277 Fragmenta in Epist. 2 ad Corinthios, when Baruch, iii. 3, is quoted like Psalm 101, p. 1697.

278 De Spirit. sanct. i. p. 1033.

279 Died 428 A.D.

280 See Leontius Byzantinus contra Nestorianos et Eutychianos, lib. iii. in _Gallandi Bibliotheca_, xii. p. 690. Comp. Fritzsche _De Theodori Mopsuesteni vita et scriptis_, Halæ, 1836.

281 Died 444 A.D.

282 Contra Julian, i. p. 541, ed. Migne.

_ 283 Ibid._, p. 815.

_ 284 Ibid._, p. 921.

285 In Isaim, ed. Migne, p. 93.

286 P. 859, vol. i.

287 P. 910, vol. i., ed. Migne.

288 βιβλία κανονιζόμενα, κανονικά, κεκανονισμένα, ὡρισμένα.

289 βιβλία ἀναγινωσκόμενα.

290 Died 430 A.D.

291 The forty-four books are, 5 of Moses, Joshua, Judges, Ruth, 4 Kings, 2 Chronicles, Job, Tobit, Esther, Judith, 2 Maccabees, Ezra, Nehemiah, Psalms, 3 of Solomon, Wisdom, Ecclesiasticus, 12 Prophets, 4 greater do. _De Doctrina Christiana_ ii. 8.

_ 292 Contra Gaudent._ i. 38. _Opp._ Paris, 1837, vol. ix. p. 1006.

_ 293 De Doctr. Christ._ ii. 8. _Civitat. Dei._ xviii. 20, 1.

_ 294 De Praesdest. Sanct._ i. 11.

_ 295 Retractt._ i. 10.

_ 296 De Peccat. merit._ i. 50; _Opp._ vol. x. p. 137, ed. Migne.

_ 297 Mansi_, tom. iii. p. 924.

_ 298 Ibid._, p. 891.

299 Died 420 A.D.

_ 300 Prologus galeatus in Libros Regum. Epist. ad Paulinum._

301 In Herbst’s _Einleit._, _erster Theil_, p. 37.

_ 302 Opp._ ed. Benedict., Vol. IV., pp. 679, 684, 750.

303 Ep. ad Dardan. _Opp._ vol. i. P. 1103, ed. Migne.

304 See _Onomastica Sacra_; Comment. in Ep. ad Philem; De Viris illustr.

305 Died 368 A.D.

306 Prolog. in Psalm., _Opp._ ed. Migne, vol. i. p. 241.

_ 307 De Trinitate_ iv. 16.

_ 308 Ex. Op. Hist. Fragmentum_, iii. vol. ii. p. 672 ed. Migne.

309 In cxxvii. Psalm.

310 In Psalm cxxvi. 6.

311 In Psalm lxviii. 19, and _De Trinitate_, iv. 42.

_ 312 Ibid._, iv. 8.

313 Died about 370 A.D.

_ 314 De Schismate Donatist_, iii. 3.

_ 315 Ibid._, ii. 25.

316 Died about 370 A.D.

_ 317 De non parcendo_, &c., ed. Coleti, p. 190.

_ 318 Ibid._, p. 236.

_ 319 Ibid._, p. 187.

_ 320 Pro Athanasio_, lib. i. p. 98.

_ 321 Ibid._, p. 105.

_ 322 Ibid._, lib. ii. pp. 127, 128.

323 Died 397 A.D.

_ 324 De Spiritu Sancto_ iii. 18.

_ 325 De bono mortis_ viii.

326 In Psalm cxviii., Sermo. 118, 2.

_ 327 De Spirit. Sancto._ iii., vi. 39.

_ 328 Liber de Tobia_.

329 Died 410 A.D.

_ 330 Expos. in Symbol. Apostol._, pp. 373, 374, ed. Migne.

331 Died about 387 A.D.

332 De Hæres. chs. 60 and 61, in Galland, vii. pp. 424, 425.

333 Apud Mansi, iii. pp. 1040, 1041.

334 Credner’s _Zur Geschichte des Kanons_, p. 151, &c., and Thiel’s _Epistolæ Romanorum Pontificum genuinae_, tom. i.

335 Mansi iv. p. 430.

_ 336 Opp. Græc._, tom. ii. P. 327, ed. Rom. 1746.

_ 337 Ibid._, tom. i. p. 101.

338 Tom. iii. p. 60.

339 Galland, xii. p. 79, &c.

340 See Dillmann in Ewald’s _Jahrbücher_, v. p. 144, &c.

341 Died 599 A.D.

342 See Credner’s _Zur Gesch. des Kanons_, p. 97, &c.

343 Died 891 A.D.

_ 344 Nomocanon, Titulus III._, cap. 2, vol. iv. pp. 1050, 1051 ed. Migne.

345 See Codd. 113, 126.

346 Died 754 A.D.

347 Died 636 A.D.

_ 348 Etymolog._ vi. 1.

349 Died 604 A.D.

350 Died 912 A.D.

351 Died 735 A.D.

352 Died 804 A.D.

353 Died 856 A.D.

354 Died 1141 A.D.

355 Died 1156 A.D.

356 Died 1182 A.D.

357 1270 A.D.

358 Died 1263 A.D.

359 Died 1384 A.D.

360 Died 1340 A.D.

361 See Hody, p. 648, &c.

362 Chemnitz calls seven books of the New Testament _apocryphos_, because of their uncertain authorship (see _Examen Concilii Tridentini_, p. 45, &c.)

363 See Tholuck’s _Kommentar zum Briefe an die Hebräer, zweite Auflage_, pp. 55, 86.

364 Carlstadt’s treatise is reprinted in Credner’s _Zur Geschichte des Kanons_.

365 Werke, edited by Schuler and Schulthess, vol. ii. p. 169.

_ 366 Ep. ad. Valdenses_, 1530, _apud. Sculteti annal. evang. renovat decas secunda_, pp. 313, 314.

_ 367 Ibid._

368 Hug says that his copy of Widmanstad’s edition had the Acts immediately following the Gospels.

369 Epist. ad Paulinum.

370 Hom. vii. in Josua.

371 De Bibliorum textibus originalibus, &c., p. 654.

_ 372 Ibid._, p. 664.

373 See Zacagni’s _Collectanea monumentorum veterum Praefat_, p. lxxi., &c.

374 See Volkmar’s _Anhang_ to _Crednet’s Geschichte des N. T. Kanon_, p. 341, &c.; and Hody _De Bibliorum textibus originalibus_, p. 644, &c.

_ 375 Niemeyer’s Collectio Confessionum_, p. 468.

_ 376 Ibid._, p. 330.

_ 377 Ibid._, pp. 361, 362.

378 See Herzog’s _Die Romanischen Waldenser_, p. 55, &c.; and his programm _De origine et pristino statu Waldensium_, &c., pp. 17, 40, 41.

379 Leger’s _Histoire des Eglises Vaudoises_, vol. i., p. 112, &c.

380 The reason given for their being added as a separate appendix is that they are cited by some fathers and found in some Latin Bibles.

381 Kimmel’s _Monumenta fidei eccles. orient_, part i. p. 467.

382 Died 791 A.D.

_ 383 Abhandlung von freier Untersuchung des Canons_, 4 parts, Halle, 1771-1775.

384 See Toland’s _Nazarenus_, p. 25, &c., second edition; and Morgan’s _Moral Philosopher_, vol. i. p. 56, &c.

385 For example, “Moses is dead; his rule went out when Christ came—he is of no further service here.... We are willing to regard him as a teacher, but we will not regard him as our lawgiver, _unless he agree with the New Testament and the law of nature_.” _Sämmtliche Schriften_, ed. Walch. dritter Theil., pp. 7, 8.

386 Such as Calovius, Chemnitz, John Gerhard, W. Lyser, Quenstedt, Brochmand, Hollaz, &c. Melancthon also makes no important distinction between the two Testaments in his _Loci theologici_. Calvin’s theology was derived from the Old Testament more than the New.

387 His full sayings are collected in Bretschneider’s _Luther an unsere Zeit_, pp. 186-224; and in Krause’s _Opuscula theologica_, pp. 205-241.

_ 388 Loci Theologici_ Tom. i. pp. 186, 187, ed. Cotta, 1762.

_ 389 Theologia Didactico-polemica_, p. 340.

390 See Jones’s new and full method of settling the canonical authority of the New Testament, Vol. I., Part i., chap. 5. page 52, ed. 1726.

391 Ecclesia sua autoritate nullum librum facit canonicum, quippe canonica scripturae autoritas est a solo Deo, &c. Gerhard’s _Loci Theologici_, tom. i. p. 4, ed. Cotta. Autoritas scripturæ quoad nos nihil allud est, quam manifestatio et cognitio unicæ illius divinæ et summæ autoritatis, quæ scriptum est interna et insita. Ecclesia igitur non confert scripturæ novam aliquam autoritatem quoad nos, sed testificatione sua ad agnitionem illius; veritatis nos deducit. Concedimus, ecclesiam esse scripturæ sacræ _testem, custodem, vindicem, praeconem, et interpretem_; sed negarnus, ex eo effici, quod autoritas scripturæ sive simpliciter sive quoad nos ab ecclesia pendeat et quidem unice, pendeat.—_Ibid._, tomus secundus, p. 39, ed. Cotta.