The Cambridge natural history, Vol. 04 (of 10)

By GEOFFREY SMITH, M.A. (Oxon.), Fellow of New College, Oxford; and the late W. F. R. WELDON, M.A. (D.Sc., Oxon.), formerly Fellow of St. John’s College, Cambridge, and Linacre...

──────────┬───────────┬───────────┬──────────────────────────┬───────────────── Divisions.│ Orders. │Sub-Orders.│ Tribes. │ Families. ──────────┼───────────┼───────────┴────────...

The Crustacea are almost exclusively aquatic animals, and they play a part in the waters of the world closely parallel to that which insects play on land. The majority are free-...

The Entomostraca are mostly small Crustacea in which the segmentation of the body behind the head is very variable, both in regard to the number of segments and the kind of diff...

_a._ Head carinate, the eye far from the anterior cephalic margin. _Camptocercus_, Baird: body laterally compressed. Second antennae with seven swimming hairs. Telson more than...

The Copepods are small Crustacea, composed typically of about sixteen segments, in which the biramous type of limb predominates. They are devoid of a carapace. Development proce...

The Cirripedes are medium-sized Crustacea, with the body consisting of few segments, and enveloped in a mantle formed as a fold of the external integument, which may be strongly...

The Malacostraca are generally large Crustacea, and they are characterised by the presence of a definite and constant number of segments composing the body. In addition to the p...

The carapace fuses with all the thoracic segments. The eyes are pedunculate. The mandible is without a lacinia mobilis. There are no oostegites, the eggs being attached to the e...

The great majority of the Crustacea are inhabitants of the sea. From a Zoogeographical point of view we divide the sea into three chief regions, each of which is characterised b...

Among the many interesting groups of fossils found in the Palaeozoic deposits there is none which has attracted more attention than the Trilobites. As early as 1698, Edward Lhwy...

The Arachnida, together with the Crustacea, Insecta, Myriapoda, and _Peripatus_, make up the great phylum Arthropoda, a phylum which, from the point of view of numbers of specie...

In his recent classification of the Arachnida, Lankester[207] has grouped the Xiphosura or King-crabs with the extinct Eurypterids or Gigantostraca under the name of Delobranchi...

The Eurypterida or Gigantostraca are found only in the Palaeozoic formations. Some species of _Pterygotus_, _Slimonia_, and _Stylonurus_ have a length of from five to six feet,...

_Segmented Arachnids with chelate chelicerae and pedipalpi. The abdomen, which is broadly attached to the cephalothorax or prosoma, is divided into two regions, a six-jointed me...

_Arachnida breathing by tracheae and “lung-books.” Cephalothorax and pedicellate abdomen, the latter usually soft, and only very rarely showing any traces of segmentation. Two-j...

=Ecdysis or Moulting.=—Spiders undergo no metamorphosis—that is to say, no marked change of form takes place, as is so often the case among Insects, in the period subsequent to...

The systematic study of Spiders has hitherto presented very great difficulties. There is an extensive literature on the subject, but the more important works are costly, not com...

In 1885 Grassi discovered, at Catania, a minute Arachnid which did not fall into any of the established orders of Arachnida. He named it _Koenenia mirabilis_. In 1893 Hansen col...

In 1838 Guérin-Méneville[339] described an Arachnid from West Africa which he named _Cryptostemma westermannii_. At rare intervals occasional specimens of allied forms have been...

The Acarina or Mites are remarkable not so much for the number of their species, which is very considerable, as for the vast multitude of individuals of the Order, which is far...

The animals dealt with in this chapter lead obscure lives, remote from the world, and few but the specialist have any first-hand acquaintance with them. Structurally they are th...

Pentastomids are unpleasant-looking, fluke-like or worm-like animals, which pass their adult lives in the nasal cavities, frontal sinuses, and lungs of flesh-eating animals, suc...

Remote, so far as we at present see, from all other Arthropods, while yet manifesting the most patent features of the Arthropod type, the Pycnogons constitute a little group, ea...

=Protozoa=, by MARCUS HARTOG, M.A., D.Sc.; =Porifera= (=Sponges=), by IGERNA B. J. SOLLAS, B.Sc.; =Coelenterata and Ctenophora=, by S. J. HICKSON, M.A., F.R.S.; =Echinodermata=,...

=Flatworms and Mesozoa=, by F. W. GAMBLE, D.Sc.; =Nemertines=, by Miss L. SHELDON; =Threadworms and Sagitta=, by A. E. SHIPLEY, M.A., F.R.S.; =Rotifers=, by MARCUS HARTOG, M.A.,...

_TIMES._—“There are very many, not only among educated people who take an interest in science, but even among specialists, who will welcome a work of reasonable compass and hand...

=Crustacea=, by GEOFFREY W. SMITH, M.A., and the late W. F. R. WELDON, M.A.; =Trilobites=, by HENRY WOODS, M.A.; =Introduction to Arachnida, and King-Crabs=, by A. E. SHIPLEY, M...

=Peripatus=, by ADAM SEDGWICK, M.A., F.R.S.; =Myriapods=, by F. G. SINCLAIR, M.A.; =Insects=, Part I., =Introduction, Aptera, Orthoptera, Neuroptera, and a portion of Hymenopter...

=Hemichordata=, by S. F. HARMER, Sc.D., F.R.S.; =Ascidians and Amphioxus=, by W. A. HERDMAN, D.Sc., F.R.S.; =Fishes= (=exclusive of the Systematic Account of Teleostei=), by T....

_NATURE._—“In concluding the review we would express the opinion that by this handsome volume a very important addition to science has been made; that the beautiful illustration...

_IBIS._—“Mr. Evans has produced a book full of concentrated essence of information on birds, especially as regards their outer structure and habits, and one that we can cordiall...

1. Silently corrected obvious typographical errors and variations in spelling. 2. Retained archaic, non-standard, and uncertain spellings as printed. 3. Enclosed italics font in...