Part 7
| | ENGLAND AND | BYZANTINE WORLD | WESTERN EUROPE —————————+——————————————————————————————————+————————————————————————— A.D. |Constantine the Great establishes |Teutonic and Asiatic 300-400 | capital of Roman Empire at | barbarians overrun Roman | Constantinople on site of | Empire | | ancient Byzantium, 330 | | | | ↓ | First division of Roman Empire into East and West, 364 | | | Final division of Roman Empire into East and West, 395 | | | | 400-500 | | Visigoths sack Rome, 410 | | | | Huns under Attila invade | | Europe, 445-453 | | | Period of decline | Western Europe lost to | | Roman Empire | | | | First Saxon kingdom in | | Britain, 477: Clovis I | | founds Frank kingdom in | | France, 481 | | 500-600 | Justinian the Great (Great | Beginning of modern | advancement of Byzantine | Western European | civilization), 527-565 | civilization | | | Laws codified | | | | Empire reaches greatest | | territorial extent | | (from Spain to Persia) | | | | Santa Sophia built, 532-537 | | | | First great age of | | Byzantine art | | | 600-700 | Persians defeated by Heraclius, | | 641; end of Persian dominion | | | | Byzantines drive Arabs away from | | Constantinople with “Greek | | fire,” 677 | | | 700-800 | Iconoclast controversy; image | Charles Martel defeats | worship forbidden by Leo the | Moslems at Tours, | Isaurian, 726 | France, 732; stops Arab | | | expansion into Europe | ↓ | 800-900 | Image worship restored, 843 | Charlemagne crowned | | emperor of Holy Roman | | Empire at Rome, 800 | | | Byzantine missionaries convert | | Bulgarians to Orthodox | | Christianity, 864 | | | | Macedonian dynasty (founded by | | | Basil I), 867-1056 | | | | | | Second great advancement | | | of Byzantine civilization | 900-1000 | | | Arab rule in Spain at | | | height; Cordova | | | greatest intellectual | | | center in Europe | | Russians converted to | | | Orthodox Christianity, 989 | | | | 1000-1100| |Basil II conquers Bulgarians; | William the Conqueror | | rules from Asia Minor to | invades England, 1066 | | southern Italy, 1014 | | | | | |Defeat by Seljuk Turks in | Crusades against Moslems | | Armenia, 1071; decline of | in Holy Lands, | ↓ Byzantine military power | 1096-1270 | | | 1100-1200|Comnenus dynasty unable to | | | restore Byzantine power | | | | | 1200-1300|Crusaders take Constantinople, | Magna Charta in England, |1204 | 1215 | | | | |Michael VIII reconquers | | | Constantinople; restores | | | Greek rule, 1261 | ↓ | | 1300-1400|Ottoman Turks invade Europe, | | defeat Serbs, 1389; Byzantine | | Empire reduced to Constantinople| | and surroundings | | | 1400-1500|Tamerlane defeats Ottoman Turks | Renaissance | at Ankara, 1402; delays fall of | | Byzantine Empire | | | |John VIII agrees to unite Greek | Invention of printing, | and Roman churches to gain | 1439 | Western aid, 1439; plan fails | | | |Ottoman Turks capture | | Constantinople; end of | | Byzantine Empire, 1453 |
| NEAR EAST AND ASIA | WESTERN HEMISPHERE —————————+——————————————————————————————————+————————————————————————— A.D. |Successive wars between Persians | 300-400 | and Romans | | | |Golden Age of Hinduism in India | | | |Divided empire in China (Tartar | | and Chinese rule) | | | 400-500 | | | | | | 500-600 | | | | | | 600-700 |Beginning of Arab Empire, 632 | | | |Byzantines defeat Persians, 641; | | end of Persian dominion | | | 700-800 |Moslem defeat at Tours, 732, | | stops Arab expansion into | | Europe | | | |Golden Age of Arab Empire, | | 750-1258: Revival of Chinese | | Empire under Tang dynasty | | | 800-900 |Bulgarians converted to Orthodox | | Christianity, 864 | | | |Beginning of Russia | | | 900-1000 |Arab rule in Spain at height; | Maya civilization in | Cordova greatest intellectual | Mexico and Central | center in Europe | America | | |Russians converted to Orthodox | Eric the Red discovers | Christianity, 989 | Greenland, about 985 | | 1000-1100|Baghdad seized by Seljuk Turks, | Leif Ericson visits |1055 (Vinland), about 1000 | America | | |Crusades against Moslems in Holy | | Lands, 1096-1270 | | | | Jerusalem captured by | | crusaders, 1099 | | | 1100-1200| | | | | | 1200-1300|Genghis Khan conquers central | Inca civilization in | Asia and China, 1206-1221 | Peru | | |Mongols destroy Baghdad; | | overthrow Arab Empire, 1258 | | | |Marco Polo at court of Kublai | | Khan in China, 1271-1295 | | | |Ottoman Empire (Turks) founded, | |1288 | | | 1300-1400|Tamerlane ruler of Asia from | Aztec civilization in | Russia to Persian Gulf, | Mexico | 1369-1405 | | | | | 1400-1500|Ottoman Turks conquer most of | | Asia; block trade routes to | | Far East | | | |Moors expelled from Spain: | Columbus discovers | Beginning of Spanish | America, 1492 | exploration in New World |
Baynes, Norman H., _The Byzantine Empire_. New York, Oxford University Press, Inc., 1926.
Diehl, Charles, _Byzantium: Greatness and Decline_. New Brunswick, Rutgers University Press, 1957.
Duggan, Alfred, _The Lady for Ransom_. New York, Coward-McCann, Inc., 1954.
Hussey, J. M., _The Byzantine World_. New York, Rinehart & Company, Inc., 1957.
Kielty, Bernardine, _The Fall of Constantinople_. New York, Random House, 1957.
Lamb, Harold, _Constantinople: The Birth of an Empire_. New York, Alfred A. Knopf, Inc., 1957.
——, _Theodora and the Emperor: The Drama of Justinian_. Garden City, Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1952.
Masefield, John, _Conquer, A Tale of the Nika Rebellion in Byzantium_. New York, The Macmillan Co., 1941.
Schoonover, Lawrence, _The Gentle Infidel_. New York, The Macmillan Co., 1950.
Scott, Walter, _Count Robert_. New York, The Macmillan Co., 1953.
INDEX AND GLOSSARY
Alexius Comnenus (Alexius I), 19-20, 22
Alexius IV, 20, 22, 107-109
Alexius Bushy Eyebrows (Alexius V), 109
Andronicus, 104
Anna Comnena, 19, 100
Ariadne, 49
army, 46, 47, 57-63
art, 95-99
Augusta, the, 48
Augustaion, 34
Augustus, the, 32
_autokrator_ (ô-tok’rƏ-tēr), 44
_bandon_ (ban’dƏn), 59
Bardas, 105
Basil I, 51, 105
Basil the Bulgar Slayer (Basil II), 17
_basileus_ (bas’i-lūs), 45, 47
_basilissa_ (bas-i-lis’Ə), 48
bazaars, 34, 89
Benjamin of Tudela, Rabbi, 17
bezant, 91-92
Blachernae, Palace of, 32
_Book of Ceremonies, The_, 50
Bosporus, 15, 25-26
Bouillon, Godfrey of, 14
Building of the Nineteen Beds, 29
Bukoleon, Palace of, 20, 28-32, 34, 87
Byzantine Empire, 17, 35, 38, 47, fall of, 111-116 national traits, 44-45, 54, 68-69, 74, 103-106 origin of, 39-44 people of, 23-25 royalty, 33, 47-54 significance of, 93-103
Byzantium. _See_ Constantinople.
_caesar_ (sē’zēr), 41, 56
Caesar, Julius, 40, 58-59
_campagia_ (kam-pā’ji-Ə), 51
_cataphracts_ (kat’Ə-frakts), 59, 60, 61
Cathisma, 32
ceremonies, 33, 50-51
Chalké, 29
Charlemagne, 17, 99
Chrysopolis. _See_ Scutari.
Circus. _See_ Hippodrome.
Clari, Robert of, 28-29, 31-34, 43, 45, 107
Constantine the Great (Constantine I), 29, 41, 42-44, 73
Constantine Born-in-the-Purple (Constantine VII), 66-67, 99
Constantine XI, 113
Constantinople, 15, 16-17, 21, 25-35, 42-43, 45, 89 occupation during Fourth Crusade, 16-21, 107-111 seizure by Turks, 112-116
Cosmas Who-Sailed-to-India, 98 costume (military), 59; (royal), 50-51
crafts, 86
Crusades (First), 14, 20, 22; (Fourth), 13-22, 45, 107-111
Cyril, Saint, 78, 80
Dandolo, Henry, 15-16, 20, 110
Daphne Palace, 29
Demetrius, Saint, 72
_Digenes Akrites_, 63-64
Diocletian, 41-42, 43, 44
diplomatic corps, 47, 65-66
_drungarius_ (drun-gâr´i-Əs), 47
Eastern Roman Empire. _See_ Byzantine Empire.
education, 99-101
_eikons_ (ī´kons), 75
_eparch_ (ep´ärk), 103
farming, 82-85
foreign trade, 82-83, 88-89, 91
Galata, 25
Golden Horn, 25-26
government, 46-56 officials, 55-56
Great Church. _See_ Santa Sophia.
Great Palace. _See_ Bukoleon, Palace of.
Greek Church. _See_ Orthodox Christian Church.
Greek Empire. _See_ Byzantine Empire.
Greek fire, 65
Gregory of Nyssa, Saint, 69
Harun al-Rashid, 101
Heraclius, 101
Hippodrome, 32, 35, 49, 50, 75, 110
Holy Chapel, 28-29
_homoiousion_ (ho-moi-ōō´si-Ən) = _homoousion_ (ho-mō-ōō´si-Ən) controversy, 74
_How To Run the Empire_, 66-67
Iconoclast controversy, 74-76, 78
industry, 85-88, 103
Irene, 17, 48
_isapostolos_ (īs-Ə-pos´tƏl-Əs), 48
Istanbul. _See_ Constantinople.
John IV, 99-100
Justinian, 17, 38, 49-50, 51, 65
Kercuas, John, 17, 19
Khazars, 29
laws, 102-103, 104
Leo the Philosopher, 50, 99
Liutprand, Bishop, 29, 87-88
_logothesia_ (log-ō-thē´zhi-Ə), 56
_logothete_ (log´ō-thēt), 55
Logothete of the Dromos, or Grand Logothete, 55, 66
Lucas Notaras, 73
Magnaura Palace, 29
Manuel II, 99-100
Marmara, Sea of, 28
Mesé, 34
Methodius, Saint, 78, 80
Michael Paleologus, 111
Michael the Drunkard, 78, 105
Michael the Stutterer, 105
Michael Thinks-He’s-a-Soldier, 54
Micklegarth. _See_ Constantinople.
Midway. _See_ Mesé.
Mohammed II, 112-113
monuments and statues, 33, 34, 50
mosaics, 17, 95-98
navy, 46, 47, 64-65
New Rome. _See_ Constantinople.
Nicephorus Phocas, 19
Nika revolt, 32
_nipsistarios_ (nip-sis-ta´ri-ōs), 56
_orphanotrope_ (ôr-fan´Ə-trōp), 102
Orphanotrope, Grand, 102
Orthodox Christian, or Orthodox Eastern, Church, 17, 47, 48, 68-80, 101-103
patriarchs, 71
Pera quarter, 24, 25
Phocas, 51
politics, 32, 49
recreation, 32, 105
Richard the Lion-Hearted, 14
Roman Empire, 39-42, 81. _See also_ Byzantine Empire and Western Roman Empire.
Romulus Augustulus, 44
Sacred Palace. _See_ Bukoleon, Palace of.
_saigon_ (sī’gƏn), 51
Saint Mamas quarter, 24
Saladin, 14
Santa Sophia, 17, 31-32, 34
_scaramangion_ (ska-rƏ-man’ji-Ən), 50
Scutari, 25
silk, 86-88
Simeon Stylites, Saint, 72
slaves, 103
statues. _See_ monuments.
_stemmata_ (stem’Ə-tƏ), 51
_strategoi_ (strƏ-tē’goi), 47
_strategos_ (strƏ-tē’gos), 95
superstitions, 71-72
Sycae. _See_ Galata.
_themes_ (thē’mƏs), 95
Theodora, 49-50
Theodora, Saint, 49, 53-54, 75-76
Theophilus, 99
Theotokos (thē-ot’ō-kos), 72
Trajan, 40-41
_trapezidae_ (trƏ-pē’zi-dē), 59
Tsargrad. _See_ Constantinople.
Turkish (Ottoman) Empire, 94-95, 112-113
Vandals, 44
Varangians, 23
Villehardouin, Geoffrey of, 14, 19, 20-21, 45, 107, 110
war, art of, 60-63
wealth, 82-83, 88, 91-92
Western Roman Empire, 41-42, 43-44, 46
Zoe, 49
Zoe Black Eyes, 65
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
THOMAS CALDECOT CHUBB, internationally known author, scholar, and literary critic began his writing career while still a student at Yale with the publication of two books, one of which won him the Albert Stanborough Cook award for poetry, and a poem which won him the John Masefield Award. Since that time he has published a number of books which are outstanding for both scholarship and writing—among these his well-known biography _Aretino: Scourge of Princes_. Mr. Chubb’s interest in the Byzantines, awakened during his college days, has continued throughout his life. _The Byzantines_, his first book for young people, reflects his intimate knowledge of the subject.
World traveler, sportsman, and civic leader, Mr. Chubb lives in Greenwich, Connecticut, with his wife and their three teen-age children.