part 62, pl. XXI.

1833 _Armadillidium pulchellum_ Brandt (3), p. 188. 1861 _Armadillo maculatus_ Sill (69), p. 5. 1870 _Armadillidium pictum_ Plateau (not Brandt) (55), p. 116. 1898 _Armadillidium pulchellum_ Sars (59), p. 191, pl. LXXXIII., fig. 4.

The smallest British species is _Armadillidium pulchellum_. The frontal lobe projects so as to make the head somewhat triangular. The antennæ are very short and the distal joint of the flagellum is three times the length of the other, while the two together are not as long as the last peduncular joint.

The telson is truncated at the end so that it is by no means as long as it is broad at the base, and the outer divisions of the tail appendages are in similar proportion.

The colour of the body (which is smooth) is dark brown with four important series of light patches running down the back and less marked variegations between them.

_BRITISH LOCALITIES:--_

_England_: Matlock; (T.R.R.S.) Arnside; Westmorland (Brady, 50a).

_Ireland_: Ballymote, (Irish Nat., May, 1901), Sligo; (Scharff).

_FOREIGN DISTRIBUTION:--_

_Europe_: Vosges; Switzerland; Pyrenees; (23): Forest de Soignes; Belgium; (14).

=Armadillidium depressum= Brandt. PLATE XXV.

1833 _Armadillidium depressum_ Brandt (3), p. 82. pl. XII., figs, 4, 5, 6, C, D. 1892 _Armadillidium depressum_ Dollfus (14), p. 17-18.

The frontal lobe in _Armadillidium depressum_ is very prominent and much recurved. The antennæ are fairly long and while the two joints of the flagellum are nearly equal they are together not so long as the last peduncular joint.

The telson is slightly longer than it is broad at the base, and its sides are incurved. As in _Armadillidium vulgare_ and _Armadillidium pulchellum_ the outer divisions of the tail appendages are broader than they are long.

The body is flatter than in the other species and bears tubercles; its colour is a slate-grey with yellowish markings. The first thoracic segment is well developed and the head appears as if almost completely imbedded in it.

_BRITISH LOCALITIES:--_

_England_: Clifton, banks of the Avon; (W.M.W. from J.T.C., 1900): Shirehampton, near Bristol; (Stebbing in 49): Clifton; (Dollfus from Miers 14).

_FOREIGN DISTRIBUTION:--_

_Europe_: France; Italy; (25): Asia Minor; (14, quoting Brandt).

=Distribution of Species.= There are not sufficient records at present to enable us to draw any conclusions as to the general distribution of Woodlice in the British Isles, but it is hoped that more attention will be given to these creatures, and that before long there may be other material available.

=Conclusion.= At the beginning it was mentioned that the present work grew out of an investigation into the fauna of Essex, and in order to show what may be expected when places are explored in which no collecting has been done, we may briefly indicate the results which we obtained in the county in question.

It was not long before a species new to Britain--to wit, _Porcellio ratzeburgii_--was found (74). This discovery was mentioned by Mr. Stebbing in the _Victoria County History of Essex_ (p. 71), and he prophesied that most of the British species then would be met with in the county. We may safely claim to have shown that his prediction was true, for we have been able to record in the preceding pages no less than sixteen other species, as will be seen from the following lists:--

_WOODLICE RECORDED FROM ESSEX._

1. _Ligia oceanica_ 2. _Ligidium hypnorum_ 3. _Trichoniscus pusillus_ 4. _Trichoniscus roseus_ 5. _Haplophthalmus danicus_ 6. _Oniscus asellus_ 7. _Philoscia muscorum_ 8. _Platyarthrus hoffmannseggii_ 9. _Porcellio scaber_ 10. _Porcellio pictus_ 11. _Porcellio dilatatus_ 12. _Porcellio laevis_ 13. _Porcellio ratzeburgii_ 14. _Metoponorthus pruinosus_ 15. _Cylisticus convexus_ 16. _Armadillidium nasatum_ 17. _Armadillidium vulgare_

Of these _Ligidium hypnorum_ calls for special mention, as it had not been found in this country since Mr. Stebbing discovered it in Surrey in 1873. Several of the Porcellios and _Cylisticus convexus_ have been met with in but few places, and the same may be said of _Armadillidium nasatum_.

Of the British species not as yet found in Essex _Trichoniscus vividus_ has at present only been recorded from Ireland; _Philoscia couchii_ and _Armadillidium depressum_ have not been collected except in the extreme south west of England, while _Metoponorthus cingendus_ has hitherto only been noticed in Devonshire and Ireland. The other four species, with the exception of _Porcellio rathkei_, which is well distributed in west Middlesex (and might have been expected to occur in Essex), are still rare. In fact, for _Trichoniscoides albidus_ but two British localities are known; for _Haplophthalmus mengii_ three (two in England and one in Ireland); while _Armadillidium pulchellum_ has only been recorded from two or three places.

In other counties quite as satisfactory results were obtained as in Essex--a systematic search in Buckinghamshire brought to light at Eton three species which at the time had not been recorded from the British Isles, while in Middlesex, no less than a dozen species were found at Hanwell.

Since part of this contribution was printed our attention has been drawn to some notes by the Rev. Canon Norman and Professor G. S. Brady (50a). These bear out the remarks which have already been made, for among the species found by Professor Brady in the north of England were _Trichoniscoides albidus_, _Haplophthalmus mengii_, _Porcellio rathkei_, and _Armadillidium pulchellum_. In one of Canon Norman's previous papers (50--1903) he claims to have added the second species to the British list, and in the notes in question a similar claim is made with regard to the first and third. It should, however, be pointed out that all three of them were found in Buckinghamshire in 1899 by Mr. Webb, and that they were exhibited at the Nature Study Exhibition held in London in August, 1902. A specimen of _Armadillidium pulchellum_ from Matlock was sent to us by the Rev. T. R. R. Stebbing in January, 1904, and was found, we understand, some considerable time previously.

It only remains for us to express our hearty thanks to the numerous friends and correspondents who have given us their ready help. The names of these have been printed in the text, but we would like to mention more particularly Dr. Calman, of the British Museum (Natural History), Monsieur Adrian Dollfus, Mr. Roland Matthams, the Rev. Canon Norman, Dr. Scharff, the Rev. T. R. R. Stebbing, and Miss Willmott.

FOOTNOTES:

[1] "The Non-Marine Molluscs of Essex," by Wilfred Mark Webb; ESSEX NATURALIST, Vol. x. (1897), pp. 27-48 and 65-81.

[2] The numbers in brackets refer to papers mentioned in the Bibliography at the end.

[3] It should be pointed out that the methylated spirit now sold in the shops contains mineral naphtha and goes milky on the addition of water. Permission can be obtained from Somerset House to buy what is still called "ordinary methylated spirit," but at present five gallons has to be purchased at one time.

BIBLIOGRAPHY.

Explanation of the initials given in the text:--

B.M.--Specimens in the British Museum (Natural History). J.T.C.--John Thomas Carrington. J.A.M.--James A. Murie. R.M.--Roland Matthams. R.F.S.--R. F. Scharff. C.S.--Charles Sillem. T.R.R.S.--The Rev. Thomas R. R. Stebbing. W.M.W.--Wilfred Mark Webb. R.W.--R. Welch.

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(3) BRANDT, J. F.: "Conspectus Monographiae Crustaceorum Oniscodorum Latreillei," _Bull. Soc. Nat., Moscow._ Vol. VI. (1833), pp. 171-193.

(4) BRANDT, J. F., and RATZEBURG, J. T. C.: _Medizinische Zoologie._ Vol. II., Berlin, 1830-1834.

(5) BRUNTZ, L.: "Contribution à l'Etude de l'Excretion chez les Arthropodes." _Archives de Biologie._ Vol. XXII. (Nov., 1903), pp. 215-422, pls. I.-VIII.

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(7) BUDDE-LUND, G.: _Prospectus generum specierumque Crustaceorum Isopodum terrestrium._ Copenhagen, 1879.

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(9) CUVIER, G.: "Memoires sur les Cloportes terrestres." _Journ. d'hist. nat._ Vol. II. 1792.

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(11) DESMAREST, A.G.: _Considérations générales sur la classe des Crustacés._ Paris, 1825.

(12) DOLLFUS, A.: "Catalogue raisonné des Isopodes terrestres de l'Espagne." _Ann. Soc. Espan. Hist. Nat._ Vol. XXI. (1892), pp. 161-190.

(13) DOLLFUS, A.: "Sur la Distribution Geographique des Isopodes terrestres dans la region des Basses-Pyrenees." _Assoc. Francaise pour l'avancement des Sciences. Rep. Congress de Pau._, 1892.

(14) DOLLFUS, A.: "Le Genre Armadillidium." _Feu. des Jeunes Naturalistes_, Ser. 3. May 1892.

(15) DOLLFUS, A.: "Catalogue raisonné des Isopodes terrestres de l'Espagne." Premier supplement, _Ann. Soc. Espan. Hist. Nat._ Vol. XXII. (1893), pp. 47-51.

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(18) DOLLFUS, A.: "Les Isopodes terrestres du Nord de l'Afrique du Cap. Blanc a Tripoli." _Mem. Soc. Zool. Trans._ Vol. IX. (1896), pp. 523-553.

(19) DOLLFUS, A.: _Crustacés Isopodes de la Sicile._ 1896.

(20) DOLLFUS, A.: "On West Indian Isopod Crustaceans." _Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond._ 1896, pp. 388-400.

(21) DOLLFUS, A.: "Tableau Iconographique des _Philoscia_ d'Europe." _Feu. des Jeun. Natural._ Ser. 3, 1897, pp. 70-73 and 91-95.

(22) DOLLFUS, A.: "Land Isopods der Balkan region." _Wissenschaft Mittheilung aus Bosnien und der Hercegovina._ Vol. IV. (1896).

(23) DOLLFUS, A.: "Les Crustacés Isopodes Terrestres à grande dispersion," _Feu des Jeun. Natural._ Ser. 3 (Oct. 1897).

(24) DOLLFUS, A.: "Sur la Distribution Geographique des Isopodes Terrestres dans l'Afrique Septentrional du Senegal à Obock." _Proc. Inter. Congres. Zool._ Cambridge, 1898, pp. 249-259.

(25) DOLLFUS, A.: "Catalogue des Crustacés Isopodes Terrestres de France." _Feu. des Jeun. Natural._ Ser. 3 (October 1899).

(26) FABRICIUS, J.C.: _Entomologia systematica._ Vol. II., Hauniae, 1793.

(27) FABRICIUS, J. C.: Supplement to the last, 1798.

(28) FERNIE, Dr.: _Animal Simples_, 1899.

(29) FITCH, Asa.: _Noxious Insects of New York._ Albany, 1856.

(30) GUERIN, F.E.: "Sur _Porcellio Poeyi_." _Ann. Sci. Soc. Entom. de France._ Vol. VI. (Paris, 1837, in Bull. ent., page 6).

(31) HELLER, C.: _Reise der Novara; Crustacea._ 1865.

(32) KINAHAN, J.R.: "Analysis of certain genera of terrestrial Isopoda." _Nat. Hist. Rev._ Vol. IV. (1857).

(33) KINAHAN, J.R.: "On the genera _Philoscia_, _Itea_ and _Philougria_." _Nat. Hist. Rev._ Vol. V. 1858.

(34) KOCH, C.L.: _Deutschlands Crustaceen, Myriapoden and Arachniden._ Regensburg, 1835-1844.

Koch's descriptions and figures were published in _Deutschlands Crustaceen_ and appeared also in Panzer's _Faunæ Insectorum Germanicæ_ continued by Herrich-Schäffer (which see). The number of the parts of the latter which correspond to those of the former are placed in square brackets after them in the list here given. Part 6 (1836) [139]; Part 22 (1838) [162];