CHAPTER XI

THE WINTER LULL OF 1914

Increase of the Array--Formation of the Fifth Corps--The visit of the King--Third Division at Petit Bois--The fight at Givenchy--Heavy losses of the Indians--Fine advance of 1st Manchesters--Advance of the First Division--Singular scenes at Christmas.

The winter lull may be said to have extended from the great combats at Ypres of the middle of November 1914 to the opening of the spring campaign in March 1915; but we will only follow it here up to the end of the year. It was a period of alternate rest and discomfort for the troops with an ever-present salt of danger. For days they found themselves billeted with some approach to comfort in the farmhouses and villages of Flanders, but such brief intervals of peace were broken by the routine of the trenches, when, in mud or water with a clay cutting before their faces and another at their backs, they waited through the long hours, listening to the crack of the sniper's rifle, or the crash of the bursting shell, with an indifference which bordered upon thankfulness for anything that would break the drab monotony of their task. It was a scene of warfare which was new to military experience. The vast plain of battle lay in front of the observer as a flat and lonely wilderness, dotted with ruined houses from which no homely wreath of smoke {319} rose into the wintry air. Here and there was an untidy litter of wire; here and there also a clump of bleak and tattered woodland; but nowhere was there any sign of man. And yet from the elevation of an aeroplane it might be seen that the population of a large city was lurking upon that motionless waste. Everywhere the airman would have distinguished the thin brown slits of the advance trenches, the broader ditches of the supports and the long zigzags of the communications, and he would have detected that they were stuffed with men--grey men and khaki, in every weird garment that ingenuity could suggest for dryness and for warmth--all cowering within their shelters with the ever-present double design of screening themselves and of attacking their enemy. As the German pressure became less, and as more regiments of the Territorials began to arrive, taking some of the work from their comrades of the Regulars, it was possible to mitigate something of the discomforts of warfare, to ensure that no regiments should be left for too long a period in the trenches, and even to arrange for week-end visits to England for a certain number of officers and men. The streets of London got a glimpse of rugged, war-hardened faces, and of uniforms caked with the brown mud of Flanders, or supplemented by strange Robinson Crusoe goatskins from the trenches, which brought home to the least imaginative the nature and the nearness of the struggle.

[Sidenote: Increase of the Army.]

Before noting those occasional spasms of activity--epileptic, sometimes, in their sudden intensity--which broke out from the German trenches, it may be well to take some note of the general development of those preparations which meant so much for the {320} future. The Army was growing steadily in strength. Not only were the old regiments reinforced by fresh drafts, but two new divisions of Regulars were brought over before the end of January. These formed the Twenty-seventh and Twenty-eighth Divisions under Generals Snow and Bulfin, two officers who had won a name in the first phase of the war.

[Sidenote: Formation of the Fifth Corps.]

The two Divisions together formed the Fifth Army Corps under General Plumer, the officer who had worked so hard for the relief of Mafeking in 1900. The Divisions, composed of splendid troops who needed some hardening after tropical service, were constituted as follows, the list including territorial battalions attached, but excluding the artillery as well as the four original regular units in each brigade:

FIFTH ARMY CORPS

GENERAL PLUMER.

TWENTY-SEVENTH DIVISION.--General SNOW.

80_th Brigade--General Fortescue._ Princess Pat. Canadians. 4th Rifle Brigade. 3rd King's Royal Rifles. 4th King's Royal Rifles. 2nd Shrop. Light Infantry.

81_st Brigade--General MacFarlane._ 9th Royal Scots (T.F.). 2nd Cameron Highlanders. 1st Argyll and Sutherlands. 1st Royal Scots. 2nd Gloucesters. 9th Argyll and Sutherlands (T.F.).

82_nd Brigade--General Longley._ 1st Leinsters. 2nd Royal Irish Fusiliers. 2nd Duke of Cornwall's Light Infantry. 1st Royal Irish. 1st Cambridge (T.F.). Army Troops, 6th Cheshires.

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TWENTY-EIGHTH DIVISION.--General BULFIN.

83_rd Brigade--General Boyle._ 2nd E. Yorkshire. 1st King's Own York. Light Infantry. 1st Yorks. and Lancasters. 2nd Royal Lancasters. 3rd Monmouths (T.F.). 5th Royal Lancasters (T.F.).

84_th Brigade--General Winter._ 2nd Northumberland Fusiliers. 1st Suffolks. 1st Welsh. 2nd Cheshires. 12th London Rangers (T.F.). 1st Monmouths (T.F.).

85_th Brigade--General Chapman._ 2nd East Kent. 2nd East Surrey. 3rd Middlesex. 3rd Royal Fusiliers. 8th Middlesex (T.F.).

Besides this new Fifth Army Corps, there had been a constant dribble of other territorial units to the front, where they were incorporated with various regular brigades. The London Scottish, which had done so well, was honoured by admission to the 1st Brigade of Guards. The Artists' Rifles, 28th London, had the unique distinction of being set aside as an officers' training corps, from which officers were actually drawn at the rate of a hundred a month. The Honourable Artillery Company, brigaded with the 7th Brigade, was among the first to arrive. Conspicuous among the newcomers were the London Rifle Brigade, the 4th Suffolk, the Liverpool Scottish, the 5th and 6th Cheshires, the 1st Herts, the 2nd Monmouthshires, Queen Victoria Rifles, and Queen's Westminsters. These were among the earlier arrivals, though it seems invidious to mention names where the spirit of all was equally good. Among the {322} yeomanry, many had already seen considerable service--notably the North and South Irish Horse, who had served from the beginning, the Northumberland Hussars, the North Somersets, the Oxford Hussars, and the Essex Yeomanry. Most of the troops named above shared the discomfort of the winter campaign before the great arrival of the new armies from England in the spring. There can be no better earned bar upon a medal than that which stands for this great effort of endurance against nature and man combined.

To take events in their order: beyond numerous gallant affairs of outposts, there was no incident of importance until the evening of November 23, when the Germans, who had seemed stunned for a week or so, showed signs of returning animation. On this day, some eight hundred yards of trench held by Indian troops in the neighbourhood of Armentières were made untenable by the German artillery, especially by the _minen-werfer_--small mortars which threw enormous bombs by an ingenious arrangement whereby the actual shell never entered the bore but was on the end of a rod outside the muzzle. Some of these terrible missiles, which came through the air as slowly as a punted football, were 200 lbs. in weight and shattering in their effects. There was an advance of the 112th Regiment of the Fourteenth German Corps, and the empty trenches were strongly occupied by them--so strongly that the first attempt to retake them was unsuccessful in the face of the rifle and machine-gun fire of the defenders. A second more powerful counter-attack was organised by General Anderson of the Meerut Division, and this time the Germans were swept out of their position and the line {323} re-established. The fighting lasted all night, and the Ghurkas with their formidable knives proved to be invaluable for such close work, while a party of Engineers with hand-bombs did great execution--a strange combination of the Asiatic with the most primitive of weapons and the scientific European with the most recent. It was a substantial victory as such affairs go, for the British were left with a hundred prisoners, including three officers, three machine-guns, and two mortars.

[Sidenote: The visit of the King.]

The first week of December was rendered memorable by a visit of the King to the Army. King George reviewed a great number of his devoted soldiers, who showed by their fervent enthusiasm that one need not be an autocratic War-lord in order to command the fierce loyalty of the legions. After this pleasant interlude there followed a succession of those smaller exploits which seem so slight in any chronicle, and yet collectively do so much to sustain the spirit of the Army. Now this dashing officer, now that, attempted some deed upon the German line, and never failed to find men to follow him to death. On November 24 it was Lieutenant Impey, with a handful of 2nd Lincolns; on November 25, Lieutenants Ford and Morris with a few Welsh Fusiliers and sappers; on November 26, Sir Edward Hulse with some Scots Guards; on the same day, Lieutenant Durham with men of the 2nd Rifle Brigade--in each case trenches were temporarily won, the enemy was damaged, and a spirit of adventure encouraged in the trenches. Sometimes such a venture ended in the death of the leader, as in the case of Captain the Honourable H. L. Bruce of the Royal Scots. Such men died as the old knights did who rode out betwixt the {324} lines of marshalled armies, loved by their friends and admired by their foes.

December 9 was the date of two small actions. In the first the 1st Lincolns of the 9th Brigade, which had been commanded by Douglas Smith since the wounding of General Shaw, made an attack upon the wood at Wytschaete which is called Le Petit Bois. The advance was not successful, the three officers who led it being all wounded, and forty-four men being hit. The attempt was renewed upon a larger scale five days later. The other action was an attack by the enemy upon some of the trenches of the Third Corps. This Corps, though it had not come in for the more dramatic scenes of the campaign, had done splendid and essential work in covering a line of fourteen miles or so against incessant attacks of the Germans, who never were able to gain any solid advantage. On this occasion the impact fell upon Gordon's 19th Brigade, especially upon the 2nd Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders and the 1st Middlesex. It was driven back with heavy loss.

[Sidenote: Third Division at Petit Bois.]

On December 14 the second and more sustained effort was made to get possession of the Petit Bois at Wytschaete, which had been attacked by the Lincolns upon the 9th. D'Urbal's Eighth French Army was co-operating upon the left. The British attack was conducted by Haldane's Third Division, and the actual advance was carried out, after a considerable artillery preparation from the batteries of two Corps, by Bowes' 8th Brigade, with the 2nd Royal Scots and the 1st Gordons in the lead. At 7.45 the guns were turned upon the big wood beyond Petit Bois, through which the supports might be advancing, and at the same hour the two regiments named swarmed forward, {325} the Lowlanders on the left and the Highlanders on the right. The Royal Scots, under Major Duncan, carried Petit Bois with a rush, taking fifty prisoners and two machine-guns, while the Germans fled out at the other end of the wood. The Scots at once entrenched themselves and got their own machine-guns into position. The Gordons, under Major Baird, advanced with splendid dash and gained some ground, but found the position such that they could not entrench upon it, so they were forced to fall back eventually to their original position. Both they and the 4th Middlesex, who supported them, lost considerably in the affair. The total casualties in the Petit Bois action came to over four hundred, with seventeen officers, figures which were considerably swollen by the losses of the Suffolks and Irish Rifles, who continued to hold the captured position in the face of continued bombing. The French in the north had no particular success and lost 600 men. The importance of such operations is not to be measured, however, by the amount of ground won, but by the necessity of beating up the enemies' quarters, keeping them pinned to their positions, and preventing them from feeling that they could at their own sweet wills detach any reinforcements they chose to thicken their line upon the Eastern frontier, where our Russian Allies were so insistently pressing.

On the morning of December 19 an attack was made upon the German lines in the Festubert region by Willcocks' Indian Corps, the Meerut Division, under General Anderson, attacking upon the left, and the Lahore, under General Watkis, upon the right. The object of the movement was to co-operate with the French in an advance which they had {326} planned. The Meerut attack was successful at first, but was driven back by a counter-attack, and some hundreds of Indian infantry were killed, wounded, or taken. In the case of the Lahore attack the storming party consisted of the 1st Highland Light Infantry and the 4th Ghurkas. Both of these units belong to the Sirhind Brigade, but they were joined in the enterprise by the 59th Scinde Rifles of the Jullundur Brigade. These latter troops had a long night march before reaching the scene of the operations, when they found themselves upon the right of the attack and within two hundred and fifty yards of the German trenches. Judging the operations from the standard reached at a later date, the whole arrangement seems to have been extraordinarily primitive. The artillery preparation for a frontal attack upon a strong German line of trenches lasted exactly four minutes, being rather a call to arms than a bombardment. The troops rushed most gallantly forward into the dark of a cold wet winter morning, with no guide save the rippling flashes of the rifles and machine-guns in front of them. Many were so sore-footed and weary that they could not break into the double. Some of the Indians were overtaken from behind by a line of British supports, which caused considerable confusion. An officer of Indians has left it on record that twice running he had a revolver clapped to his head by a British officer. All of the battalions advanced with a frontage of two companies in columns of platoons. Both the Ghurkas and Highlanders reached the trench in the face of a murderous fire. The left of the 59th, consisting of Punjabi Mahomedans, also reached the trench. The right, who were Sikhs, made an {327} equally gallant advance, but were knee-deep in a wet beetroot field and under terrific machine-gun fire. Their gallant leader, Captain Scale, was struck down, as was every Indian officer, but a handful of the survivors, under a Sikh Jemadar, got into a German sap, which they held for twenty-four hours, taking a number of prisoners.

Day had dawned, and though the British and Indians were in the enemy trenches, it was absolutely impossible to send them up reinforcements across the bullet-swept plain. The 59th discovered a sap running from their left to the German line, and along this they pushed. They could not get through, however, to where their comrades were being terribly bombed on either flank by the counter-attack. It was an heroic resistance. Colonel Ronaldson, who led the party, held on all day, but was very lucky in being able to withdraw most of the survivors after nightfall. Of the hundred Punjabis who held one flank, only three returned, while thirteen wounded were reported later from Germany. The others all refused to surrender, declaring that those were the last orders of their British officers, and so they met their honoured end. It had been a long and weary day with a barren ending, for all that had been won was abandoned. The losses were over a thousand, and were especially heavy in the case of officers.

[Sidenote: The fight at Givenchy.]

The Germans, elated by the failure of the attack, were in the mood for a return visit. In the early dawn of the next day, December 20, they began a heavy bombardment of the Indian trenches, followed by an infantry attack extending over a line of six miles from south of the Bethune Canal to Festubert in the north. The attack began by the explosion of {328} a succession of mines which inflicted very heavy losses upon the survivors of the Ghurkas and Highland Light Infantry. The weight of the attack at the village of Givenchy fell upon the exhausted Sirhind Brigade, who were driven back, and the greater part of Givenchy was occupied by the enemy. General Brunker fell back with his Brigade, but his line was stiffened by the arrival of the 47th Sikhs of the 8th Jullundur Brigade, who were in divisional reserve. These troops prevented any further advance of the Germans, while preparations were made for an effective counter-stroke.

[Sidenote: Heavy losses of the Indians.]

Little help could be given from the north, where the line was already engaged, but to the south there were considerable bodies of troops available. The situation was serious, and a great effort was called for, since it was impossible to abandon into the hands of the enemy a village which was an essential bastion upon the line of defence. The German attack had flooded down south of Givenchy to the Bethune Canal, and a subsidiary attack had come along the south of the Canal with the object of holding the troops in their places and preventing the reinforcement of the defenders of Givenchy. But these advances south of the village made no progress, being held up by the 9th Bhopals and Wilde's 57th Rifles of the 7th Ferozepore Brigade between Givenchy and the Canal, while the 1st Connaught Rangers of the same brigade stopped it on the southern side of the Canal. Matters were for a moment in equilibrium. To the south of the Canal energetic measures were taken to get together a force which could come across it by the Pont Fixe or road bridge, and re-establish matters in the north.

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[Sidenote: Fine advance of Manchesters.]

The struggle had broken out close to the point of junction between the British forces and those of General Foch of the Tenth French Army, so that our Allies were able to co-operate with us in the counter-attack. It was directed by General Carnegy, and the assault was made by the 1st Manchesters, the 4th Suffolk Territorials, and some French territorials. The Manchesters, under the leadership of Colonel Strickland, made a most notable attack, aided by two companies of the Suffolks, the other companies remaining in reserve on the north bank of the Canal. So critical was the position that the 3rd Indian Sappers and Miners were set the dangerous task, under very heavy shell-fire, of mining the bridge over the Canal. The situation was saved, however, by Colonel Strickland's fine advance. His infantry, with very inadequate artillery support, pushed its way into Givenchy and cleared the village from end to end. Three hundred of the Manchesters fell in this deed of arms. Not only did they win the village, but they also regained some of the lost trenches to the north-east of Givenchy. This was the real turning-point of the action. There was at the time only the one very wet, very weary, and rather cut-up Jullundur Brigade between the Germans and Bethune--with all that Bethune stood for strategically. To the east the 9th Bhopals and 57th Rifles still held on to their position. It was only to the north that the enemy retained his lodgment.

But the fight to the north had been a bitter one all day, and had gone none too well for the British forces. The Indians were fighting at an enormous disadvantage. As well turn a tiger loose upon an ice-floe and expect that he will show all his wonted {330} fierceness and activity. There are inexorable axioms of Nature which no human valour nor constancy can change. The bravest of the brave, our Indian troops were none the less the children of the sun, dependent upon warmth for their vitality and numbed by the cold wet life of the trenches. That they still in the main maintained a brave, uncomplaining, soldierly demeanour, and that they made head against the fierce German assaults, is a wonderful proof of their adaptability.

About ten o'clock on the morning of the 20th the German attack, driving back the Sirhind Brigade from Givenchy, who were the left advanced flank of the Lahore Division, came with a rush against the Dehra-Dun Brigade, who were the extreme right of the Meerut Division. This Brigade had the 1st Seaforth Highlanders upon its flank, with the 2nd Ghurkas upon its left. The Ghurkas were forced to retire, and the almost simultaneous retirement of the defenders of Givenchy left the Highlanders in a desperate position with both flanks in the air. Fortunately the next Brigade of the Meerut Division, the Garhwal Brigade, stood fast and kept in touch with the 6th Jats, who formed the left of the Dehra-Dun Brigade, and so prevented the pressure upon that side from becoming intolerable. The 9th Ghurkas came up to support the 2nd Ghurkas, who had not gone far from their abandoned trenches, and the 58th Indian Rifles also came to the front. These battalions upon the left rear of the Highlanders gave them some support. None the less the position of the battalion was dangerous and its losses heavy, but it faced the Germans with splendid firmness, and nothing could budge it. Machine-guns are stronger {331} than flesh and blood, but the human spirit can be stronger than either. You might kill the Highlanders, but you could not shift them. The 2nd Black Watch, who had been in reserve, established touch towards nightfall with the right of the Seaforths, and also with the left of the Sirhind Brigade, so that a continuous line was assured.

In the meantime a small force had assembled under General MacBean with the intention of making a counter-attack and recovering the ground which had been lost on the north side of Givenchy. With the 8th Ghurkas and the 47th Sikhs, together with the 7th British Dragoon Guards, an attack was made in the early hours of the 21st. Colonel Lempriere of the Dragoon Guards was killed, and the attack failed. It was renewed in the early hours of the morning, but it again failed to dislodge the Germans from the captured trenches.

[Sidenote: Advance of the First Division.]

December 21 dawned upon a situation which was not particularly rosy from a British point of view. It is true that Givenchy had been recovered, but a considerable stretch of trenches were still in the hands of the Germans, their artillery was exceedingly masterful, and the British line was weakened by heavy losses and indented in several places. The one bright spot was the advance of the First Division of Haig's Corps, who had come up in the night-time. The three brigades of this Division were at once thrown into the fight, the first being sent to Givenchy, the second given as a support to the Meerut Division, and the third directed upon the trenches which had been evacuated the day before by the Sirhind Brigade. All of these brigades won their way forward, and by the morning of the 22nd much of the ground which {332} had been taken by the Germans was reoccupied by the British. The 1st Brigade, led by the Cameron Highlanders, had made good all the ground between Givenchy and the Canal. Meanwhile the 3rd Brigade had re-established the Festubert position, where the 2nd Welsh and 1st South Wales Borderers had won their way into the lost trenches of the Ghurkas.

This was not done without very stark fighting, in which of all the regiments engaged none suffered so heavily as the 2nd Munsters (now attached to the 3rd Brigade). This regiment, only just built up again after its practical extermination at Etreux in August, made a grand advance and fought without cessation for nearly forty-eight hours. Their losses were dreadful, including their gallant Colonel Bent, both Majors Day and Thomson, five other officers, and several hundreds of the rank and file. So far forward did they get that it was with great difficulty that the survivors, through the exertions of Major Ryan, were got back into a place of safety. It was the second of three occasions upon which this gallant Celtic battalion gave itself for King and Country. Let this soften the asperity of politics if unhappily we must come back to them after the war.

Meanwhile the lines upon the flank of the Seaforths which had been lost by the Dehra-Dun Brigade were carried by the 2nd Brigade (Westmacott), the 1st North Lancashire and 1st Northamptons leading the attack with the 2nd Rifles in support. Though driven back by a violent counter-attack in which both leading regiments, and especially the Lancashire men, lost heavily, the Brigade came again, and ended by making good the gap in the line. Thus the situation on the morning of the 22nd looked very {333} much better than upon the day before. On this morning, as so many of the 1st Corps were in the advanced line, Sir Douglas Haig took over the command from Sir James Willcocks. The line had been to some extent re-established and the firing died away, but there were some trenches which were not retaken till a later date.

Such was the scrambling and unsatisfactory fight of Givenchy, a violent interlude in the drab records of trench warfare. It began with a considerable inroad of Germans into our territory and heavy losses of our Indian Contingent. It ended by a general return of the Germans to their former lines, and the resumption by the veteran troops of the First Division of the main positions which we had lost. Neither side had gained any ground of material value, but the balance of profit in captures was upon the side of the Germans, who may fairly claim that the action was a minor success for their arms, since they assert that they captured some hundreds of prisoners and several machine-guns. The Anglo-Indian Corps had 2600 casualties, and the First Corps 1400, or 4000 in all. The Indian troops were now withdrawn for a rest, which they had well earned by their long and difficult service in the trenches. To stand day after day up to his knees in ice-cold water is no light ordeal for a European, but it is difficult to imagine all that it must have been to a Southern Asiatic. The First Corps took over the La Bassée lines.

[Sidenote: Singular scenes at Christmas.]

About the same date as the Battle of Givenchy there was some fighting farther north at Rouge Banc, where the Fourth Corps was engaged and some German trenches were taken. The chief losses in this affair {334} fell upon those war-worn units, the 2nd Scots Guards and 2nd Borderers of the 20th Brigade. Henceforward peace reigned along the lines for several weeks--indeed Christmas brought about something like fraternisation between British and Germans, who found a sudden and extraordinary link in that ancient tree worship, long anterior to Christianity, which Saxon tribes had practised in the depths of Germanic forests and still commemorated by their candle-lit firs. For a single day the opposing forces mingled in friendly conversation and even in games. It was an amazing spectacle, and must arouse bitter thoughts concerning those high-born conspirators against the peace of the world, who in their mad ambition had hounded such men on to take each other by the throat rather than by the hand. For a day there was comradeship. But the case had been referred to the God of Battles, and the doom had not yet been spoken. It must go to the end. On the morning of the 26th dark figures vanished reluctantly into the earth, and the rifles cracked once more. It remains one human episode amid all the atrocities which have stained the memory of the war.

So ended 1914, the year of resistance. During it the Western Allies had been grievously oppressed by their well-prepared enemy. They had been over-weighted by numbers and even more so by munitions. For a space it had seemed as if the odds were too much for them. Then with a splendid rally they had pushed the enemy back. But his reserves had come up and had proved to be as superior as his first line had been. But even so he had reached his limit. He could get no further. The danger hour was past. There was now coming the long, anxious year of {335} equilibrium, the narrative of which will be given in the succeeding volume of 1915. Finally will come the year of restoration which will at least begin, though it will not finish, the victory of the champions of freedom.

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INDEX

Abell, Major, 70

Abercrombie, Colonel, 94

Agadir, 7

Aisne, battle of the, 162-199

Alexander, Major, 82

Algeciras, 7

Allen, Major, 209

Allenby, General, 56, 80, 88, 96, 97, 126, 155, 204, 226, 279, 287

Alleyne, Captain, 294

Allfrey, Captain, 149

Alsace, 43, 57

Anderson, General, 322, 325

Anley, Colonel, 105

Anley, General, 229

Annesley, Colonel, 284

Ansell, Colonel, 132

Antwerp, fall of, 193; Naval Division at siege of, 195

Ardee, Lord, 288

Army, the Russian, 138; at battle of Gumbinnen, 138; at battle of Lemberg, 139; at battle of Tannenberg, 139

Ashburner, Captain, 70

Asquith, Right Hon. H. H., 18

Austin, Dr., 93

Australia, offer of service, 34, 37; Bismarck Archipelago captured by, 312; German colony of New Guinea captured by, 312; 317

Austria, Archduke Francis Ferdinand of, assassinated at Sarajevo, 12

Austria-Hungary, annexes Bosnia and Herzegovina, 1908, 2; presents ultimatum to Serbia, 14; declares war against Serbia, 15

Baird, Major, 325

Balfour, Lieutenant, 167

Bannatyne, Colonel, 255

Barnes, Colonel, 241

Battenberg, Prince Louis of, 40

Battenberg, Prince Maurice of, 256

Bavaria, Crown Prince of, 145

Beatty, Admiral Sir David, 313

Belgians, King of the, 198

Belgium, infraction of neutrality, 12

Below-Saleske, von, 19

Benson, Captain, 73

Bent, Colonel, 332

Berners, Captain, 172

Bernhardi, General von, 1, 8, 159

Bethmann-Hollweg, von, 17, 21, 23, 28

Bidon, General, 247

Bingham, General, 283

Bismarck Archipelago, German colony, captured by Australian forces, 312

Blewitt, Lieutenant, 268

Boger, Colonel, 83

Bols, Colonel, 207

Bolton, Colonel, 244

Botha, Right Hon. Louis, 34, 313

Bottomley, Major, 259

Bowes, General, 218, 295, 324

Boyd, Lieutenant, 266

Bradbury, Captain, V.C., 130, 131

Brett, Colonel, 102

Bridges, Major Tom, 118

Briggs, General, 128, 130, 174, 282, 283

British Expeditionary Force: departure from England, 50; its composition, 52, 86; its arrival in France, 53; its reception by the French people, 54; advance into Belgium, 57

Brooke, Captain, 260

Bruce, Captain the Hon. H. L., 323

Brunker, General, 328

Buckle, Major, 222

Bulbe, Lieutenant, 78

Bulfin, General, 154, 156, 166, 167, 169, 170, 171, 179, 186, 265, 273, 287, 288, 320

Bülow, General von, 84, 144, 154

Bülow, Prince von, 3

Burrows, Major, 168

Butler, Colonel, 229

Butler, Major Leslie, 116

Byng, Captain, 70

Byng, General, 210, 233

Cadogan, Colonel, 237, 264

Campbell, Captain, 73

Campbell, Colonel (5th Dragoon Guards), 281

Campbell, Colonel (9th Lancers), 80, 149

Campbell, Lieutenant, 130

Campbell, Major, 227

Canada, offer of service, 34, 37; 317

Canneau, General, 144, 204, 212, 221

Capper, General, 232, 244, 265, 269, 295

Carey, Captain, 70

Carnegy, General, 329

Carr, Lieutenant Laurence, 259

Carter, Major, 253

Cary, General Langlé de, 144

Cary-Bernard, Captain, 306

Castelnau, General, 44, 145, 193

Cathcart, Captain, 168

Cavan, Lord, 289, 293, 300, 306

Cawley, Major, 132

Ceylon, offer of service, 34

Chapman, Corporal, 227

Charleroi, battle of, 141

Charrier, Major, 119, 120, 121

Chetwode, General, 58, 121

Christie, Major, 112

Churchill, Right Hon. Winston S., 5, 31, 40, 196

Chute, Lieutenant, 121

Clive, Hon. Windsor, 92

Clutterbuck, Captain, 111

Cobb, Irvin, American correspondent with German Army, 64

Cobbold, Colonel, 214

Coke, Major, 282

Coleman, American volunteer, quoted, 119, 149, 303

Coles, Colonel, 266

Congreve, General, V.C., 187, 229

Cookson, Colonel, 167

Cornish-Bowden, Major, 151

Coronel, naval battle off, 315

Craddock, Admiral, 315

Cramb, Professor, 30

Creek, Captain, 253

Crichton, Major, 241

Crossley, Sergeant-Major, 222

Cutbill, Captain, 102

Cuthbert, General, 71, 79, 98

Dalrymple, Lord, 244

D'Amade, General, 123

Daniell, Major, 212

Danks, Lieutenant, 93

Dashwood, Lieutenant, 167

Davey, Major, 70

Davies, Colonel, 301

Davies, General, 90, 93, 132, 153, 173

Davis, Harding, American correspondent with German Army, 62, 64

Dawnay, Colonel, 293

Day, Major, 332

Dease, Lieutenant Maurice, V.C., 70

De Crespigny, Captain, 128

Deimling, General von, 269

De Lisle, General, 80, 148, 156, 157, 174, 204, 226, 281

De Mitry, General, 247, 255

Denham, Lieutenant, 323

Derbyshhe, Gunner, 130

D'Esperey, General, 144, 146

Dillon, Captain H. M., 302

Dimmer, Lieutenant, V.C., 181, 305

Doran, General Beauchamp, 60, 69, 113, 150, 174, 218

Dorell, Sergeant, V.C., 130, 131

Doughty, Major, 102

Dour, action at, 79

Drummond, General. 84, 103

Dubail, General, 145

Duff, Colonel Grant, 171

D'Urbal, General, 296, 324

Dykes, Colonel, 105

Earle, Colonel, 259

East Africa, German colony of, attack on, fails, 312

East Coast, raid on, by German cruisers, 315

Edmunds, Captain, 93

Edward VII., 6

Elliott, Dr., 93

Ellison, Captain, 152

_Emden_, exploits of the, 314

Emmich, General von, 44

Fairlie, Captain, 241

Falkland Islands, naval battle off, 315

Ferguson, General, 80, 177, 190, 211

Findlay, General, 153

Fisher, Lord, 5

FitzClarence, General, 258, 270, 303

Flint, Lieutenant, 175

Foch, General, 144, 148, 150, 154, 202, 329

Foljambe, Captain, 168

Forbes, Major Ian, 241

Ford, Lieutenant, 323

Forrester, Major, 259

Frameries, action at, 77

Fraser, Major, 244

French, General Sir John, 54, 58, 62, 74, 75, 76, 77, 84, 87, 96, 97, 116, 119, 126, 135, 145, 156, 164, 183, 186, 198, 202, 220, 234, 236, 245, 246, 247, 251, 275, 276, 282, 285

Geddes, Lieutenant-Colonel, 169

George V. visits the Army in France, 323

Germany, Heligoland ceded to, 2; agitation in, against Great Britain during Boer War, 3; navy bill of 1900, 4; anti-British agitations in, 9; root causes of hatred of Great Britain in, 10; and world-power, 10; preparations for war by, 11; declares war against Russia, 15; against France, 15; proposes that Great Britain should remain neutral, 17; and Belgian neutrality, 19; character of her diplomacy, 19, 20; invades Belgium, 21; Great Britain declares war on, 21; treatment of the departing Embassies, 22; the claim for culture in, 29

_Germany and the Next War_, 9

Gheluvelt, battle of, 265

Gibbs, Colonel, 79

Giffard, Lieutenant, 269

Gifford, Lieutenant, 130

Givenchy, fight at, 327

Glasgow, Sergeant, 227

Gleichen, General Count, 61, 79, 82, 83, 98, 157, 207

Gloster, Colonel, 224

Godley, Private, V.C., 70

Gordon, Captain B. G. R., 259

Gordon, Colonel, 114

Gordon, General, 215, 230, 324

Gordon, Lieutenant, 181

Goschen, Sir Edward, ambassador at Berlin, 17, 21, 22, 23, 24

Gough, General, 126, 150, 155, 203, 204, 226, 279, 280, 282

Grant, Major, 168

Graves, Lieutenant, 114

Great Britain, cedes Heligoland to Germany, 2; sympathy and respect for German Empire in, 2; agreement with France, 1903, 6; agreement with Russia, 1907, 6; maritime power of, 10; efforts for peace by, 16; reply to German proposal of neutrality, 17; declares war against Germany, 21; preparations for possible naval war in, 31; effect of German war policy in, 32

Green, Major, 168

Grenfell, Captain the Hon. F., 82

Grey, Sir Edward (now Viscount), proposes a conference of Ambassadors, 16; replies to German proposal of neutrality, 17; suggests limitation of the conflict, 19; 20, 33

Grierson, General, 55

Griffin, Colonel, 105, 158

Guernsey, Lord, 172

Haig, General Sir Douglas, 55, 56, 72, 77, 84, 88, 89, 90, 126, 133, 157, 173, 183, 190, 236, 239, 241, 246, 247, 249, 250, 251, 256, 260, 265, 270, 275, 276, 282, 286, 287, 295, 306, 331, 333

Haking, General, 72, 94, 157, 173, 176, 302

Haldane, General, 104, 106, 112, 206, 324

Haldane, Lord, 36

Hamilton, Adjutant Rowan, 171

Hamilton, Captain, 93

Hamilton, General Sir Hubert, 77, 157, 177, 208

Hankey, Major, 270

Harter, Staff-Captain, 176

Hasted, Colonel, 177

Haussen, General von, 139, 144

Hautvesnes, action at, 153

Hawarden, Lord, 92

Hawkins, Lieutenant Hope, 285

Hay, Lord Arthur, 172

Headlam, General, 110

Heeringen, General von, 145

Heligoland Bight, battle in, 313

Heligoland ceded to Germany, 1890, 2

Herbert, Captain, 208

Hindenburg, General von, 139, 316

Hogan, Sergeant, V.C., 224

Holt, Lieutenant, 71

Hoskyns, Captain, 152

Huggan, Dr., 180

Hull, Colonel, 70

Hulse, Sir Edward, 323

Hunter-Weston, General, 104, 106, 107, 229, 230

Impey, Lieutenant, 323

India, offer of service, 34; 317

Ingham, Major, 69

Italy secedes from the Central Powers, 311

Jagow, von, Secretary for Foreign Affairs at Berlin, 21, 23, 25

Japan declares war, 312; captures the German colony of Tsingtau, 312

Jarvis, Corporal, V.C., 71

Jelf, Major, 168

Joffre, General, 44, 57, 62, 74, 76, 126, 127, 144, 178, 198, 202, 251, 255, 282, 287

Johnston, Captain, 175

Johnstone, Major, 169

Kavanagh, General, 262, 279, 293

Kerr, Colonel, 269

Kitchener, Lord, becomes Secretary of State for War, 34; his estimate of duration of war, 38; appeals for volunteers, 38; 54, 56

Kluck, General von, 83, 84, 88, 95, 143, 144, 145, 146, 148, 154

Knight, Colonel, 154

Kruseik cross-roads, fight for, 256

Lamb, Lieutenant, 131

Lambert, Major, 292

Landon, General, 172, 248, 254, 260, 265, 269, 276, 290

Landrecies, engagement at, 90

Lansdowne, Lord, 33

Law, Right Hon. A. Bonar, 33

Lawford, General, 273, 291, 294, 295

Lawrence, Colonel, 229

Leach, Lieutenant, V.C., 224

Le Cateau, battle of, 96-137, 141

Leckie, Captain Malcolm, 82

Legard, Captain, 222

Le Gheir, action of 229

Leman, General, 45, 46, 47

Lemberg, battle of, 139, 316

Lempriere, Colonel, 331

Lichnowsky, Prince, German ambassador to Great Britain, 19, 20, 25

Liége, 45, 46, 47, 141

Lister, Captain, 71

Lloyd, Major, 167, 168

Lomax, General, 269

Longley, Colonel, 99

Longwy, battle of, 141

Loring, Colonel, 243

Lorraine, 43, 57

Lushington, Lieutenant-Colonel, 132

Luxemburg, duchy of, 44

MacBean, General, 331

McCracken, General, 69, 78, 88, 104, 190, 208, 215, 219, 291, 306

McKenna, Right Hon. Reginald, 5, 31

Mackenzie, General Colin, 209

MacLachlan, Lieutenant-Colonel, 171

MacMahon, Colonel, 70, 221, 299

M'Nab, Captain, 284

Maistre, General, 220

Maitland, Major, 171

Malcolm, Colonel, 283, 284

Manoury, General, 144, 146, 148

Marne, battle of the, 138-161

Martyn, Colonel, 304

Maubeuge, fortress of, 85, 141, 163, 184

Maude, General, 295

Maud'huy, General, 296

Maxse, General, 169, 179

Messines, fight at, 280

Michel, General, 49

Michell, Captain, 122

Milne, General, 110

Milward, Major, 292

Mitford, Major, 241

Monck, Captain, 91

Mons, battle of, 50-95, 141

Mons, retreat from, chronology of events, 136-137

Montresor, Colonel, 167

Morland, Colonel, 268

Morland, General, 211, 224, 286, 296

Morris, Colonel, 133

Morris, Lieutenant, 323

Morritt, Lieutenant, 73

Moussy, General, 288

Mülhausen, battle of, 141

Mullens, General, 80, 221, 283

Mundy, Lieutenant, 130

Munro, General, 269

Namur, 48, 49, 76, 141

Navy, the, mobilisation of, 40

Neeld, Admiral, 25

Nelson, Gunner, V.C., 130, 131

Nery, combat of, 127

Neuve Chapelle, first fight of, 219

Newfoundland, offer of service, 34

New Guinea, German colony of, captured by Australian forces, 312

New Zealand, offer of service, 34, 37; captures German colony of Samoa, 312; 317

Nicholson, Lieutenant, 121

Nicholson, Major, 171

Nietzsche, 8

Nimy, defence of the bridges of, 68

Oliver, Captain, 169

Ommany, Captain, 269

Orford, Captain, 102

Osborne, Driver, 130

Ourcq, battle of the, 145

Ovens, Colonel, 244

Pack-Beresford, Major, 79

Paley, Major, 269

Paris, General, 195

Parker, Major, 112

Pau, General, 44

Paynter, Captain, 243

Peel, Major, 268

Pell, Colonel, 266

Pennecuick, Lieutenant, 156

Penny, Sergeant-Major, 222

Perceval, Colonel, 269

Petit Bois, fight at, 324

Phillips, Major, 168

Pilken Inn, fight of, 252

Plumer, General, 320

Pollard, Lieutenant, 82

Ponsonby, Colonel, 168

Pont-sur-Sambre, action near, 94

Poole, Major, 111

Popham, Captain, 188

Powell, American journalist, quoted, 63, 198

Powell, Major, 250

Prichard, Major, 268

Prowse, Major, 231

Prussia, Crown Prince of, 145, 163

Prussia, Prince Henry of, 25

Prussian Guards, attack of, at Ypres, 297; Kaiser's order to, 297

Pulteney, General, 56, 126, 152, 157, 175, 178, 190, 206, 214, 215, 218, 227

Rawlinson, General Sir Henry, 224, 232, 236, 237, 241, 251, 256, 308

Rees, Captain, 268

Regiments:

_Artillery--_

Royal Field Artillery, 69, 70, 71, 78, 82, 88, 89, 92, 100, 105, 110, 120, 153, 169, 192, 249, 268, 271, 272, 273, 300, 301

Royal Horse Artillery, 263; E Battery, 285; J Battery, 122, 150; K Battery, 236; L Battery, 80, 128, 130, 131, 133

Heavy, 109, 110, 301

Howitzer, 88, 105

Honourable Artillery Company, 321

_Cavalry--_

1st Life Guards, 263, 293

2nd Life Guards, 263, 293

Royal Horse Guards (Blues), 263, 293

2nd Dragoon Guards (Queen's Bays), 85, 128, 131, 132, 155, 280, 282

3rd Dragoon Guards, 272, 306

4th (Royal Irish) Dragoon Guards, 58, 80, 118, 187, 188, 282, 283

5th Dragoon Guards, 280, 281, 282

6th Dragoon Guards (Carabineers), 283, 284, 285

7th Dragoon Guards, 331

1st Dragoons (Royals), 263, 272

2nd Dragoons (Scots Greys), 122, 263

3rd Hussars, 263

4th Hussars, 263

10th Hussars, 241, 272

11th Hussars, 131, 282, 283, 285

15th Hussars, 93, 120, 121

18th Hussars, 149

20th Hussars, 58

5th (Royal Irish) Lancers, 227, 279

9th Lancers, 80, 82, 149, 281, 283, 285

12th Lancers, 122, 227

16th Lancers, 226, 279

Essex Yeomanry, 322

Irish Horse, 242, 322

Leicestershire Yeomanry, 306

North Somerset Yeomanry, 306, 322

Northumberland Hussars, 242, 322

Oxfordshire Hussars, 281, 282, 322

_Guards--_

Coldstream, 90, 91, 92, 119, 120, 132, 168, 169, 171, 172, 191, 248, 259, 265

Grenadier, 90, 92, 150, 237, 244, 258, 259, 265, 289, 293, 306

Irish, 90, 92, 132, 150, 172, 255, 265, 288, 289, 293

Scots, 119, 169, 171, 242, 243, 244, 252, 253, 259, 260, 271, 297, 323, 334

_Infantry--_

Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders, 84, 100, 102, 216, 230, 324

Artists' Rifles (28th London), 321

Bedford, 174, 207, 236, 264, 266, 297

Berkshire, 93, 153, 255, 272

Black Watch, 119, 150, 169, 170, 171, 252, 258, 259, 331

Border, 243, 260

Buffs (East Kent), 214

Cameron Highlanders, 169, 171, 248, 252, 253, 332

Cameronians (Scottish Rifles), 84, 100, 131

Cheshire, 82, 83, 154, 174, 216, 321

Connaught Rangers, 94, 157, 301, 302, 328

Devon, 210, 219, 224

Dorset, 207, 208, 210, 216

Dublin Fusiliers, 106, 112

Duke of Cornwall's, 62, 72, 73, 99, 150, 151, 174, 215, 216, 224

Durham Light Infantry, 187, 188, 229

East Lancashire, 106, 229, 292

East Surrey, 72, 73, 99, 103, 150, 151, 174, 190, 215

East Yorkshire, 187, 188

Essex, 105, 106

Gloucester, 171, 182, 248, 250, 254, 260, 290, 291, 302

Gordon Highlanders, 60, 69, 72, 78, 113, 114, 219, 259, 273, 289, 324, 325

Hampshire, 106, 231

Herts, 321

Highland Light Infantry, 188, 242, 296, 301, 302, 326

Inniskilling Fusiliers, 105, 158, 229, 281

Irish Fusiliers, 106, 206

King's Liverpool, 90, 153, 255, 300, 301

King's Own Scottish Borderers, 61, 71, 72, 103, 209, 211, 278, 282, 284, 285, 334

King's Royal Rifles, 93, 153, 166, 167, 168, 169, 182, 188, 253, 256, 265, 268, 290, 305, 332

Lancashire Fusiliers, 105, 158, 229

Leinster, 229, 230

Lincoln, 60, 151, 174, 210, 279, 280, 296, 324

Liverpool Scottish, 321

London Rifle Brigade, 321

London Scottish, 280, 283, 284, 285, 296, 321

Manchester, 99, 100, 102, 216, 218, 220, 224, 329

Middlesex, 60, 68, 69, 70, 72, 78, 84, 100, 103, 131, 207, 209, 216, 219, 230, 324, 325

Monmouthshire, 321

Munster Fusiliers, 119, 120, 154, 169, 242, 331

Norfolk, 82, 109, 174, 219, 323

Northampton, 154, 166, 167, 176, 180, 181, 252, 273, 289, 302, 332

North Lancashire, 154, 166, 167, 168, 170, 250, 253, 265, 268, 297, 332

Northumberland Fusiliers, 68, 72, 78, 208, 209, 210, 279, 280

Oxford and Bucks, 289, 301, 302

Queen Victoria Rifles, 321

Queen's Westminsters, 321

Queen's (West Surrey), 168, 170, 176, 181, 182, 191, 240, 248, 253, 259, 260, 261, 266, 271

Rifle Brigade, 106, 323

Royal Fusiliers, 60, 68, 70, 71, 72, 209, 210, 212, 220, 221, 299

Royal Irish, 60, 210, 212

Royal Irish Fusiliers, 112

Royal Irish Rifles, 69, 78, 89, 219, 220, 221, 235

Royal Lancaster, 105, 111, 229

Royal Scots, 60, 77, 114, 207, 209, 219, 323, 324, 325

Royal Scots Fusiliers, 60, 68, 71, 72, 103, 210, 211, 237, 241, 242, 264, 266, 299

Seaforth Highlanders, 106, 112, 206, 304, 330, 332

Sherwood Foresters, 187, 188, 227, 228, 229

Somerset Light Infantry, 106, 229, 231

South Lancashire, 79, 88, 148, 215, 220

South Staffordshire, 153, 240, 244, 253

South Wales Borderers, 172, 191, 192, 248, 249, 261, 270, 332

Suffolk, 99, 100, 102, 108, 224, 321, 325, 329

Sussex, 153, 166, 167, 169, 187, 249, 273, 289

Warwick, 106, 111, 112, 206, 240, 243

Welsh, 172, 191, 254, 261, 266, 268, 332

Welsh Borderers, 260, 271

Welsh Fusiliers, 84, 100, 237, 240, 264, 323

West Kent, 61, 62, 71, 72, 79, 103, 215, 221, 222, 304

West Riding, 61, 71, 79, 103, 296

West Yorkshire, 187, 188, 190

Wiltshire, 88, 177, 190, 219, 221, 237, 241, 242, 306

Worcester, 150, 188, 215, 216, 242, 243, 270, 271, 292

York and Lancaster, 214

Yorkshire, 240, 264

Yorkshire Light Infantry, 61, 71, 103, 215, 221, 278, 282, 284, 285

Royal Engineers, 70, 100, 127, 164, 175, 289, 300, 301, 302, 323

_Indian Army--_

129th Baluchis, 279

9th Bhopal Infantry, 220, 328, 329

2nd Gurkhas, 330

4th Gurkhas, 326, 328

8th Gurkhas, 225, 331

9th Gurkhas, 330

58th Indian Rifles, 330

3rd Indian Sappers and Miners, 329

6th Jats, 330

59th (Scinde) Rifles, 218, 326, 327

15th Sikhs, 218, 219

47th Sikhs, 218, 220, 221, 328, 331

Vaughan's Indian Rifles, 225

Wilde's 57th Rifles, 281, 328, 329

Reynolds, Captain (R.F.A.), V.C., 110

Reynolds, Captain (9th Lancers), 149

Rheims Cathedral, bombarded by Germans, 189

Rickman, Major, 106

Rising, Captain, 250

Robb, Major, 188

Roberts, Lord, death of, while visiting the Army in France, 308

Robertson, Sir William, 134

Rolt, General, 61, 72, 98, 100

Ronaldson, Colonel, 327

Roper, Major, 207

Rose, Captain (Northumberland Fusiliers), 78

Rose, Captain (Royal Scots Fusiliers), 71

Ruggles-Brise, General, 245, 295

Russell, Second Lieutenant, 222

Ryan, Major, 332

Salisbury, late Lord, 2

Saltoun, Master of, 115

Samoa, German colony, captured by New Zealand, 312

Sandilands, Captain, 78

Sandilands, Colonel, 89

Sarajevo, 13

Sarrail, General, 145

Savage, Captain, 181

Scale, Captain, 327

Sclater-Booth, Major, 80, 130

Scott, Admiral Sir Percy, 42

Scott-Kerr, General, 90, 132

Seaton, Lance-Corporal, 281

Seely, Colonel, 158

Serbia, reply to Austrian ultimatum, 15; King of, appeals to the Czar, 15

Serocold, Colonel, 167

Shaw, General, 60, 78, 174, 186, 190, 210, 211, 279, 280, 303, 324

Shore, Captain, 83

Smith, Captain Bowden, 70

Smith, Colonel (Lincoln), 280

Smith, Colonel Baird (R.S.F.), 266

Smith, Colonel Osborne (Northampton), 181

Smith, General Douglas, 324

Smith, Lieutenant, 70

Smith-Dorrien, General Sir Horace, 55, 56, 60, 72, 83, 84, 88, 95, 96, 97, 108, 109, 116, 119, 217, 218, 220, 221, 222, 286, 295, 307

Snow, General, 89, 104, 106, 108, 126, 320

Solesmes, action at, 88

South Africa, offer of service, 34; insurrection in, 313

Spee, Admiral von, 315

Spread, Lieutenant, 168

Stephen, Captain, 260

Stewart, Captain, 9, 155

Strickland, Colonel, 329

Stucley, Major, 259

Sturdee, Admiral, 315

Swettenham, Major, 122

Tannenberg, battle of, 139, 141, 316

Teck, Prince Alexander of, 226

Tew, Major, 99, 103

Thomson, Major, 332

Thruston, Lieutenant, 152

Togoland, German colony, captured by British forces, 312

Tower, Lieutenant, 70

Treitschke, 8

Trench, Captain, 269

Trevor, Major, 103

Triple Alliance and Triple Entente, 6

Tsingtau, German colony, captured by Japanese, 312

Tulloch, Colonel, 127

Turner, Colonel, 151

Uniacke, Colonel, 259

Vallentin, Captain, 294

Vandeleur, Captain, 102

Vandeleur, Major, 208

Venner, Colonel, 225

Vereker, Lieutenant, 92

Vidal, General, 290

Villars-Cotteret, action of, 132

Ward, Colonel, 103, 126

Ward, Lieutenant, 73

War Loan, success of the, 40

Warre, Major, 168

Wasme, action at, 79

Watkis, General, 217, 325

Watson, Lieutenant Graham, 114

Watson, Major, 168, 253, 266

Watts, General, 295

Welchmann, Lieutenant, 78

Wellesley, Lord Richard, 259

Westmacott, General, 332

White, Second Lieutenant, 222

Willcocks, General Sir James, 224, 225, 286, 325, 333

William II., Emperor of Germany, telegram to Kruger, 3; visits England, 3; 20; his message to Sir Edward Goschen, 24; 28, 48; special appeal to his troops at Ypres, 261

Williams, Captain, 271

Williams, General, 230

Wilson, Colonel (Blues), 293

Wilson, Colonel (R.E.), 127

Wilson, General, 86, 104, 106, 281

Wing, General, 110, 224

Wormald, Colonel, 122

Worsley, Lord, 263

Wright, Captain Theodore, 70, 175

Würtemberg, Duke of, 141, 144

Wyatt, Corporal, 92

Yate, Major, V.C., 103

Ypres, first battle of, 232-310

Zandvoorde, fight of, 262

Zillebeke, action of, 292

_Printed in Great Britain by_ R. & R. CLARK, LIMITED, _Edinburgh._