CHAPTER XXIII.

AUSTRALIAN EXPLORATIONS.--THE BLUE MOUNTAINS FIRST TRAVERSED.-- DISCOVERY OF THE LACHLAN, MACQUARIE, MURRUMBIDGEE, AND MURRAY RIVERS.--EXPLORATIONS OF STURT, MITCHELL, CUNNINGHAM, HUME, AND OTHERS.--EYRE'S JOURNEY ALONG THE SOUTHERN COAST.-- SUFFERINGS AND PERILS.--BURKE AND WILLS: HOW THEY PERISHED IN THE WILDERNESS.--MONUMENT TO THEIR MEMORY.--COLONEL WARBURTON AND HIS CAMEL-TRAIN.--STRAPPED TO A CAMEL'S BACK.--PRESENT KNOWLEDGE OF THE AUSTRALIAN DESERT.--ABORIGINALS OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA.--THROWING THE BOOMERANG.--A REMARKABLE EXHIBITION.-- ORIGIN OF THE BOOMERANG.--DUCK-BILLED PLATYPUS: A PUZZLE FOR THE NATURALISTS.--VISITING A COPPER-MINE.--MINERAL RESOURCES OF THE COLONY.--WESTERN AUSTRALIA.--ALBANY, ON KING GEORGE SOUND.--DESCRIPTION OF THE COLONY.--CURIOUS POISON-PLANTS.-- FAREWELL TO AUSTRALIA.--THE END. 518

ILLUSTRATIONS.

Mount Kosciusko, the Highest Peak in Australia _Frontispiece._ Map of Australasia _Front Cover._ Map of Australia, New Zealand, and Tasmania _Back Cover._ Royal School, Honolulu 1 The Physalia 2 The Island of Oahu 3 General View of Honolulu 4 In the Harbor of Honolulu 5 Queen's Hospital, Honolulu 6 Kealakeakua Bay, where Captain Cook was Killed 7 Mrs. Thurston, one of the Missionaries of 1820 8 Kawaiaho Church--First Native Church in Honolulu 9 Bethel Church 10 Native School-house in Honolulu 10 The Court-house in Honolulu 11 Native Gentleman of Honolulu 12 Hawaiian Poi-dealer 13 The Hawaiian Archipelago 14 Hawaiians at a Feast 15 Native Hay Peddler 16 Dress of Hawaiian Women 18 Ancient Idols of Hawaii 19 Grass House, Hawaiian Islands 20 Government Buildings, Honolulu 21 Hawaiian Dancing-girls 22 Map of the Sandwich Isles 23 Lahaina, Island of Maui 25 Women on Horseback, Honolulu 26 A Mountain Valley 27 Hawaiian Temple 28 Mountain Scene in the Sandwich Islands 29 Hilo 31 Surf-bathing at Hilo 32 The Volcano House 33 View of one of the Burning Lakes 35 View on a Lava Field 37 Hawaiian Warriors a Century ago 38 Chain of Extinct Volcanoes, Island of Kauai 39 Map of the Haleakala Crater 41 Kamehameha I., First King of the Sandwich Islands 42 Water-fall on Island of Kauai 43 Implements of Domestic Life 44 Hawaiian Pipe 45 Looking Seaward 48 The Owner of the Yacht 49 "Good-by!" 49 At Home on the "Pera" 50 Below Deck in the Tropics 51 On the Coast of the Marquesas 53 A View in Nookaheeva 55 Gattanewa's Portrait 56 Tattoo Marks on a Chief of the Marquesas 57 The Chief's Daughter 59 A European's Residence in the Marquesas 61 A Marquesan Village 63 Catholic Missionary 64 In a Gale near the Marquesas 65 Commodore Porter's Fleet in Nookaheeva Bay 66 Easter Island House and Children 67 Lava Rock Image, Easter Island 68 Easter Island Man 69 Easter Island Woman 70 Stone Tablet of Character Writing 71 Stone Platform for Images 72 Coast Scenery, Tahiti 74 Specimen of Coral 75 The Coral Worm 76 On the Shore of the Lagoon 77 A Cabin in the Suburbs 78 The Coast in a Storm 79 A French Bishop 81 View in an Orange-grove 82 Native Bamboo House, Tahiti 83 Natives of the Society Islands Fishing 84 A Sea-urchin 85 The Bottom of the Lagoon 86 Sea-anemone and Hermit-crab 87 Hermit-crab and Sea-shell 88 View among the Coral Branches 89 A Fish inside a Sea-slug 90 Coralline 91 Octopus, or Devil-fish 92 Stingaree, or Sea-devil 92 Garden of a Suburban Residence 93 Gathering Oranges for the Feast 95 Tamarind-tree at Point Venus 97 A Grove of Cocoanut-trees 98 Running before the Trade-winds 99 Dr. Coan, Missionary to Hawaii 100 No Respect for Missionaries 101 Trading Station in the Pacific 103 John Wesley, the Founder of Methodism 104 Mission Church and Station 105 Mission Park Monument 106 Mission Ship on her Voyage 107 Landing on an Atoll of the Hervey Group 109 Cocoa Palms in the Hervey Islands 111 Native Houses and Canoe 113 Missionary Station on Aneityum Island 115 Tanna Islander on a Queensland Plantation 116 Group of Islanders on a Feejeean Plantation 117 Firing down the Hatchway 118 The "Rosario" chasing a Man-stealing Schooner 119 A Witness for the Defence 120 Indian Girl House-servant in Feejee 121 Samoan double Canoe 122 Coral Architects in Samoan Waters 123 A Beach-comber 124 Growth of Coral on a Mountain slowly Subsiding 125 Ass's Ears, Florida Island 126 A House in the Tonga Islands 127 Native Teacher, Upolu, Samoan Islands 129 Map of the South Sea Islands 131 Crabs eating Cocoanuts 132 A Plantation in the South Sea Islands 133 A Fair Wind 134 Bread-fruit 135 War Canoe of the Olden Time 137 Canoes drawn on Shore 138 Captain James Cook 139 An American Resident 140 Cave near the Picnic Ground 141 Massacre Bay 143 A Village in Vanikoro 144 Hat Island, west of Vanikoro 145 Louis XVI. and La Pérouse 146 A Native of Feejee 147 A Royal Attendant 148 Ancient Feejee Temple 149 A Polynesian Idol 151 A Coast Scene in Kandavu 152 A Planter's Residence 153 A New Arrival 154 Going to Feejee 155 Scene on a Cotton Plantation 156 Sugar-cane Mill 157 Feejeean Head-dress 158 An Accomplished Liar 159 Fork of a Cannibal King 160 Tanoa, former King of Feejee 161 A Cannibal Dance 162 Skull found at the Banquet Ground 162 View in a Valley of the Interior of the Island 163 Avenue of Palms 165 A Part of Levuka 166 Fred's Fly 167 Frank's Mosquito 167 One Variety of Sea-worm 169 Going for Balola 170 Ancient Feejeean War-dance 171 Moonlight on the Waters 172 Mission Church in the Feejee Islands 174 Going to Church.--River Scene 175 Feejeean Head 176 Feejeean Weapons 176 Telling the Story 177 Formation of Clouds before a Feejeean Hurricane 178 After the Storm 179 Coast Scene in a Calm 179 Lost in the Hurricane 180 Mota, or Sugar-loaf Island 181 Two-tree Island 181 A Young Student 182 Stone Monument, Tongataboo 183 A Volcano in the Pacific 184 An Island Cavern 185 Islands on the Coast 186 Auckland in 1840 187 View of Auckland from Mount Eden 189 Mission Station at Tangiteroria, New Zealand 190 Early Days in New Zealand 191 In a State of Decadence 193 A Kainga Maori (Native) Village 195 Carved New Zealand Chest 196 Maori War Clubs 197 Lake in the Crater of an Extinct Volcano 198 Sawing a Kauri Pine 199 Stock-farm in the Suburbs 200 A Water-oak 201 A Pakeha Maori 202 A Pakeha Maori's Home 203 View of a Part of Auckland and its Harbor 204 Maori Tattooing 205 Inland Scenery 206 Captain Cook's Gift to the Maoris 207 Skeleton of the Extinct Moa (Dinornis) 209 Dressing Flax 210 Family of Deer on Kawau Island 212 Prospecting for Gold 213 Stamp-mill at Grahamstown 214 "Struck a Pocket" 215 Gold-mining on the Sea-shore 217 A Miner's Camp in the Mountains 218 Visiting a Mine 219 Inland Scenery 221 Among the Hot Springs 223 The Baths at Rotomahana 224 Hotel Life at the Hot Lakes 225 A Mud Crater 227 The White Terraces, seen from above 229 The Pink Terraces, seen from below 231 Lake Tarawera, in the Hot Lake District 233 The Tabu Removed 234 Maori Village of Wairoa, in the Hot Lake District 235 A Maori Prophet in the King Country 236 British Soldiers attacking a Maori Pah 237 Outworks of a Maori Pah 239 In the Harbor 240 In Napier for his Health 241 Scene on a Sheep Farm.--Off to the Pasture 243 Farm Scenes in the Open Country 244 On the Coast near Wellington 246 Just down from the Interior 247 Mountain and Lake in New Zealand 249 Just arrived from England 250 A Promenader 251 An Afternoon Call 252 Sewing-class in an Industrial School 253 Residence of the Governor, Wellington 255 Down the Slope 257 Logging in "the Bush" 258 Settlers' Cabins in the Open Country 259 Mount Egmont and Ranges 261 Home Scene at Christchurch 263 Harvest-time in Canterbury 264 Maid-servant off Duty 266 Gardening in the Park 267 Under the Shears 268 A Sheep-shearing Shed in New Zealand 269 A Flock of Sheep among the Hills 271 Sheep and Herder killed in a Snow-storm 273 Reducing the Rabbit Population 274 Parrots 277 A New Zealand Pest 277 A Steam Threshing-machine 278 English Sparrows at Home 280 Class in the Industrial School 282 A Perilous Night-watch 283 The Summit of Mount Cook 285 Attempt to climb the Eastern Spur 286 River issuing from a Glacier 287 Hydraulic Mining 288 A Squatter's Home 289 A Mountain Water-fall 290 Shotover Gorge Bridge 291 On the Shore of the Lake 292 Bound for Sydney 293 Entrance to Port Jackson 294 General View of Sydney Harbor 295 Statue of Captain Cook, Sydney 297 George III. 298 Avenue in the Botanical Gardens 299 Candidates for Transportation 301 Sydney and its Harbor 303 The Town-hall, Sydney 305 Sentenced to Hard Labor 307 View of Sydney from Pyrmont, Darling Harbor 309 Home of an Emancipist 310 A Ticket-of-leave Man 311 Just arrived in Port 312 Ship-yard Scene 313 On the Paramatta River 314 Irrigating an Orange-grove 315 Interior of a Coal-breaker 317 Gold-fields of Mount Alexander, Australia 319 Clearing in an Australian Forest 321 A Waterless Region 322 Australian Lyre-birds 323 A Member of the Legislature 325 Infant Class in an Industrial School 327 Completing the Railway 329 A Fallen Giant 330 Silver-stem Eucalypti 332 From Tenterfield to Stanthorpe 333 A Balcony 335 Palm-trees in the Botanical Gardens 336 "No more Tricks at the Wheel" 337 A Relic of Old Colonial Times 338 Among the Foot-hills 340 Picking Figs 341 A Clearing in the Scrub 342 Suburban Residence on the River's Bank 343 Gathering the Grapes 344 Cellars for Storing Wine 346 Chinese Laborers in a Vineyard 347 Aboriginal Australian 348 West Coast Australians 349 Civilized Aborigines 351 Aboriginal Method of making Fire 352 Australian Warriors watching a Boat 353 Battle between Hostile Tribes of Australians 354 Aboriginal Australians and their Huts 355 Aboriginal Children playing in the Water 357 The Haunt of the Bun-yip 358 The Team 359 Pets at the Station 360 The Tiger Snake 361 Camping-out on a Cattle-run 363 The Poisonous Spider (magnified) 364 The Prosperous Squatter 365 "I'm waiting for You" 366 Performance of a Bucker 366 The Milking yard 367 Coming in from Pasture 368 An Australian Stock-rider 369 An Unsteady Seat 370 A New Chum's First Ride 371 A Stampede 372 A Free Selector at Home 373 Arrival of the Weekly Mail 374 "Cutting Out" 375 Mustering Cattle 377 Branding a Calf 378 Died alone in "the Bush" 379 The Emu 380 The Pride of the Station 382 The Squatter's Pet 383 Cattle going to Water 384 A Home in the Bush 385 Herd of Mixed Cattle on a Station 387 A Shepherd's Dog 388 Ewes and Lambs 389 Mother of a Family 390 Sheep-shearing in Australia 391 Sheds and Chicken-yard of a Station 393 Sheep-washing on the Modern Plan 395 The Rush for the Gold-mines 397 Bush-ranger out of Luck 398 Bush-rangers at Work 399 Leading Citizens of Somerset 401 Pearl Oyster 402 Australian Pearls (full size) 402 Big Ben and his Friends 404 Waiting for Sunset 405 Evening Scene at an Up-country Station 406 An Australian Pest 407 The Sand-flea (natural size and magnified) 408 The Australian Bower-bird 409 Wallace's Standard-wing Birds-of-paradise, male and female 411 Head of the Valley Quail 412 A Quail Family 413 Out Prospecting 414 Quartz mill in the Gold-mines 415 Australian Gold-hunters 416 A Gold-miner's Home 417 A Chinese Discussion 418 Wrecked on the Reef 420 The Manatee, or Dugong 421 Evening at Home on the North Coast 422 Dingoes, or Australian Wild Dogs 423 Australian Wild Horses 424 A Kangaroo Battue, or Drive 425 Red Kangaroo 426 Short eared Kangaroo 426 Kangaroos in Captivity 428 A Corroboree 431 Something for Breakfast 432 Near the Camp 433 An Australian Courtship 434 The Night Alarm 435 Reception of a Brickfielder 437 A Brickfielder putting in its Work 438 Building a Railway on the Plains 439 Zigzag Railway in the Blue Mountains 441 The Blue Mountains 442 On the Head-waters of the Murray River 443 Gallery of a Theatre during a Performance 445 Scene in the Riverina 447 Steamboat on the Murray River 449 Fish-hatching Boxes on a small Stream 450 Immigrant's Camp in the Foot-hills of the Range 451 The Founding of Melbourne, August, 1835 453 Public Library, Melbourne 454 Melbourne Post-office 455 Government House, Melbourne 456 Collins Street in 1870 457 Public Offices and Treasury Gardens 458 Town-hall, Melbourne 459 View from South Melbourne, 1868 460 Part of Melbourne in 1838 461 A Suburban Residence 463 Harbor Scene in the Moonlight 465 Boarding-house of 1851 466 A Good Location for Business 467 Loading a Ship from a Lighter 468 The Artillery Rocks, near Lorne, on the Coast of Victoria 471 Waiting to see the Editor 472 Distributing Papers to Newsboys 473 The Race for the Melbourne Cup 475 Head of a Winner 476 A Cricket-match 477 Summer Retreat in the Mountains 479 Caught in a "Burster" on the Australian Coast 481 Seeking Shelter 482 Pioneer Gold-hunters 483 Map of the Gold-fields of Victoria Twenty Years ago 484 Edward Hargreaves, the Gold Discoverer 485 The Rush to Ballarat 486 Lake Scenery 487 A Gippsland Settler 489 The Peach Harvest 491 A Cottage in the Suburbs of Launceston 492 An Old Settler 493 At Bay in the Bush 494 A Camp in the Bush 495 Entrance to Cave 497 Near Deloraine 498 Australia at the Feet of Tasmania 500 Old Convict Church, Port Arthur, Tasmania 501 One of the Watch dogs 502 "Land, ho!" 502 On the Pier 503 Post-office and Town hall, Adelaide 505 Adelaide in 1837 507 Reaping Brigade at Work 509 Proclamation Tree at Glenelg, near Adelaide 510 Victoria Regia House, Botanic Garden, Adelaide 511 Exploring Expedition on the March 513 Camp Scene on the Desert Plains of South Australia 515 Government House and Grounds, Adelaide 517 Ready for the Start 519 Explorers in Camp 520 Monument to Burke and Wills, Melbourne 521 Colonel Warburton strapped to his Camel 523 Desert Scenery 525 The Way of Civilization 526 A Boomerang 526 A War-dance of Australian Blacks 527 Americans who use the Boomerang 529 Platypus, or Duck-billed Mole 530 Home of the Duck-bill 531 One of the Miners 532 View of Perth, Capital of Western Australia 533 Forest Scene in the South-west 535 A Kid-gloved Colonist 536 In the Pasture Lands 537 Rocks at the Cape 538

THE BOY TRAVELLERS

IN

AUSTRALASIA.