Chapter 22

15 Cynoglossum Omphaloides Blue Venus's Navelwort b.l. 16 Aretia vitaliana Primrose aretia l. 17 Androsace villosa Hairy Androsace l. 18 Primula cortusoides Bear's-ear Primrose b.l. 19 ------ villosa Hairy Primula b.l. 20 ------ nivea Snowy ditto b.l. 21 ------ marginata Margined ditto b.l. 22 ------ Auricula Common Yellow Auricula b.l. 23 ------ lonigfolia Long-leaved ditto b.l. 24 ------ helvetica Swiss ditto b.l. 25 Primula integrifolia Entire-leaved Auricula b.l. 26 Cortusa Mathioli Siberian Bear's-ear Sanicle b. 27 Soldanella alpina Alpine Soldanella b.l. 28 Dodecatheon Meadia American Cowslip b.l. 29 Cyclamen Coum Round-leaved Cyclamen l. 30 -------- hederaefolium Ivy-leaved ditto l. 31 Lysimachia dubia Purple Loosestrife l. 32 Phlox pilosa Hairy Lychnidea l. 33 ----- ovata Oval-leaved ditto l. 34 ----- suffruticosa Shrubby ditto l. 35 ----- stolonifera Creeping ditto l. 36 ----- subulata Awl-leaved ditto l. 37 ----- setacea Bristly ditto l. 38 Convulvulus lineatus Dwarf Bindweed l. 39 Campanulla pulla Dark-flowered Bell-flower b.l. 40 ---------- carpatica Carpasian ditto b.l. 41 ---------- pumila Purple-dwarf ditto b.l. 42 ---------- v. alba White-dwarf ditto b.l. 43 ---------- nitida Shining-leaved ditto b.l. 44 ---------- barbata Bearded ditto b.l. 45 ---------- azurea Azure-coloured ditto b.l. 46 Phyteuma hemisphaerica Small Rampion b.l. 47 Verbascum Myconi Borage-leaved Mullein l.

PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA.

48 Gentiana acaulis Gentianella l. 49 -------- asclepiadea Swallow-wort Gentian l. 50 Bupleurum petraeum Rock Thorough-wax l.

PENTANDRIA TRIGYNIA.

51 Telephium Imperati True Orphine l.

PENTANDRIA PENTAGYNIA.

52 Statice cordata Heart-leaved Thrift l. 53 ------- flexuosa Zigzag ditto l. 54 Linum flavum Yellow Flax l. 55 ----- austriacum Austrian ditto l.

HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

56 Convallaria bifolia Two-leaved Lilly of the Valley l.b.

HEXANDRIA TRIGYNIA.

57 Trillium cernuum Drooping-flowered Trillium b. 58 -------- sessile Sessile-flowered ditto b. 59 Helonias bullata Spear-leaved Helonias b. 60 -------- asphodeloides Grass-leaved ditto b.

OCTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

61 Rhexia mariana Hairy Rexia b. 62 Oenothera rosea Rose-flowered Tree Primrose l.b. 63 --------- pumila Dwarf Yellow ditto l.b. 64 Epilobium cordifolium Heart-leaved Willow-herb b.l.

OCTANDRIA DIGYNIA.

65 Moehringia muscosa Mossy Moehringia l.

DECANDRIA DIGYNIA.

66 Saxifraga Cotyledon Pyramidal Saxifrage l. 67 --------- Aizoon Margined ditto c.m. 68 --------- ligulata Strap-leaved ditto c.m. 69 --------- rosularis Rose-leaved ditto c.m. 70 --------- mutata House-leek ditto c.m. 71 --------- Androsace Blunt-leaved ditto c.m. 72 --------- caesia Gray ditto c.m. 73 --------- pilosa Hairy ditto c.m. 74 --------- sarmentosa Creping ditto c.m. 75 --------- cuneifolia Wedge-leaved ditto c.m. 76 --------- aspera Rough-leaved ditto c.m. 77 --------- rotundifolia Round-leaved ditto c.m. 78 --------- ajugaefolia Ground Pine-leaved ditto c.m. 79 --------- sibirica Siberian Pine-leaved ditto c.m. 80 --------- adscendens Ascending Saxifrage c.m. 81 --------- viscosa Clammy ditto c.m. 82 Tiarella cordifolia Heart-leaved Tiarella c.m. 83 Mitella diphylla Two-leaved Mitella c.m. 84 Gypsophila repens Creeping Gypsophila l.b. 85 ---------- prostrata Trailing ditto l.b. 86 Saponaria acymoides Basil-leaved Soap-wort l. 87 -------- superbus Feathered ditto l. 88 -------- pungens Pungent ditto l. 89 -------- alpinus Alpine ditto l. 90 -------- capitatus Headed-flowered ditto l. 91 -------- glaucus Glaucous ditto l. 92 -------- virgineus Maiden ditto l.

DECANDRIA TRIGYNIA.

93 Silene anemoena Siberian Catchfly l. 94 ------ alpestris Mountain ditto l. 95 ------ rupestris Rock ditto l. 96 ------ saxifraga Saxifrage ditto l. 97 ------ vallesia Downy ditto l. 98 Stellaria scapigera Naked-stalk'd Stitch-wort l. 99 Arenaria tetraquetra Square Sand-wort l. 100 ------- balearica Small ditto l. 101 ------- saxatilis Rock ditto l. 102 ------- striata Striated ditto l. 103 ------- grandiflora Great-flowered ditto l. 104 ------- liniflora Flax-flowered ditto l.

DECANDRIA PENTAGYNIA.

105 Sedum Aizoon Yellow Stonecrop c.m. 106 ----- Anacampseros Evergreen Orpine c.m. 107 ----- hybridum Bastard Sedum c.m. 108 ----- populifolium Poplar-leaved ditto c.m. 109 ----- virens Green ditto c.m. 110 ----- glaucum Glaucous ditto c.m. 111 ----- deficiens Round-leaved ditto c.m. 112 ----- hispanicum Spanish ditto l. 113 Lychnis quadridentata Small-flowering Lychnis l.b.

DODECANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

114 Asarum canadense Canadian Asarabaca l.b.

DODECANDRIA DIGYNIA.

115 Sempervivum globiferum Globular House-leek l. 116 ----------- arachnoideum Cobweb ditto l. 117 ----------- hirtum Hairy ditto l. 118 ----------- montanum Mountain ditto l. 119 ----------- cuspidatum Prickly-leaved ditto l. 120 ----------- sediforme Stone-crop-leaved ditto l.

ICOSANDRIA POLYGYNIA.

121 Rubus arcticus Dwarf Bramble l.b. 122 Potentilla sericea Silky Cinquefoil l.b. 123 ---------- multifida Multifid ditto l. 124 ---------- bifurca Bifid ditto l. 125 ---------- tridentata Trifid-leaved ditto l. 126 Geum potentilloides Cinquefoil Avens l. 127 ---- reptans Creeping ditto l.

POLYANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

128 Sanguinaria canadensis Canada Puccoon l.b. 129 Papaver nudicaule Naked-stalked Poppy l. 130 Cistus grandiflorus Great-flowered Cistus l.

POLYANDRIA POLYGYNIA.

131 Anemone Hepatica Common Liverwort c.m. 132 ------- hortensis Star Anemone l.b. 133 ------- dichotoma Forked ditto l.b. 134 Adonis vernalis Spring Adonis Flower c.m. 135 Ranunculus amplexicaulus Plaintain-leaved Crow-foot l.b. 136 ---------- alpestris Alpine ditto l.b. 137 ---------- glacialis Two-flowered ditto l.b. 138 Isopyrum thalictroides Thalictrum-leaved Isopyrum c.m.

DIDYNAMIA GYMNOSPERMA.

139 Teucrium multiflorum Many-flowered Germander c.m. 140 -------- pyrenaicum Pyrenean ditto c.m. 141 Dracocephalum denticulatum Tooth-leaved Dragon's-head c.m. 142 ------------- austriacum Austrian ditto b.l. 143 ------------- grandiflorum Great-flowered ditto l. 144 Scutellaria alpina Alpine Skull-cap l. 145 ----------- grandiflora Large-flowered ditto l. 146 Prunella laciniata Cut-leaved Self-heal c.m. 147 -------- grandiflora Large-flowered ditto c.m. 148 -------- hyssopifolia Hyssop-leaved ditto c.m. 149 -------- latifolia Broad-leaved ditto c.m.

DIDYNAMIA ANGIOSPERMA.

150 Erinus alpinus Alpine Erinus l.b.

TETRADYNAMIA SILICULOSA.

151 Draba aizoides Hairy-leaved Willow-grass l.b. 152 Lepidium alpinum Mountain Pepper-wort l.b. 153 Iberis saxatilis Rock Candy-tuft l.b. 154 Alyssum montanum Mountain Mad-wort l. 155 ------- utriculatum Bladder-podded ditto l. 156 ------- deltoideum Purple-flowered ditto l. 157 ------- campestre Small yellow ditto l.

TETRADYNAMIA SILIQUOSA.

158 Cardamine asarifolia Heart-leaved Lady's Smock l. 159 --------- bellidifolia Daisy-leaved ditto l. 160 --------- trifolia Three-leaved ditto l.b. 161 Cheiranthus alpinus Alpine Stock l. 162 Arabis alpina Alpine Wall-Cress l. 163 ----- lucida Shining-leaved ditto l. 164 ----- bellidifolia Daisy-leaved ditto l. 165 ----- sibirica Siberian ditto l.b.

MONADELPHIA PENTANDRIA.

166 Erodium Reichardi Dwarf Erodium c.m.

DIADELPHIA HEXANDRIA.

167 Fumaria cucullaria Naked-stalked Fumitory l. 168 ------- nobilis Great-flowered ditto l. 169 Fumaria cava Hollow-rooted Fumitory l. 170 ------- solida Solid-rooted ditto l. 171 ------- spectabilis Scarlet ditto l.

DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA.

172 Hedysarum obscorum Creeping-rooted Hedysarum l.b. 173 Astragalus pilosus Hairy Milk-Vetch l. 174 ---------- falcatus Sickle-podded ditto l. 175 ---------- uliginosus Marsh ditto l. 176 ---------- monspessulanus Montpelier ditto l. 177 ---------- exscapus Stalkless ditto l. 178 ---------- campestris Field ditto l.

SYNGENESIA POLYGAMIA AEQUAIS.

179 Leontodon aureum Golden Dandelion l.

POLYGAMIA SUPERFLUA.

180 Artemisia glacialis Creeping Wormwood c.m. 181 Gnaphalium plantagineum Plaintain-leaved Everlasting l. 182 Erigeron philadelphicum Philadelphia Erigeron l. 183 -------- purpureum Purple ditto l.b.

SYNGENESIA MONOGAMIA.

184 Lobelia minuta Least Cardinal Flower 185 Viola palmata Palmated Violet b. 186 ----- cucullata Hollow-leaved ditto l. 187 ----- canadensis Canadian ditto l.b. 188 ----- striata Striated ditto l.b. 189 ----- pubescens Downy ditto l.b. 190 ----- biflora Two-flowered ditto l.b. 191 ----- grandiflora Great-flowered ditto l.b. 192 ----- calcarata Alpine ditto l.b. 193 ----- cornuta Pyrenean ditto l.b. 194 ----- obliqua Oblique-leaved ditto l.b. 195 Tussilago alpina Alpine Colt's-foot c.m. 196 Senecio abrotanifolia Southernwood-leaved Grounsel c.m. 197 Aster alpinus Alpine Star-wort l.b. 198 Doronicum bellidiastrum Daisy-leaved Leopard's-Bane l.b. 199 Bellis lusitania Portugal Daisy l.b. 200 Bellium minutum Bastard Daisy l.b. 201 Anthemis Pyrethrum Pellitory of Spain l.b. 202 Achillea tomentosa Woolly Milfoil l.b. 203 -------- Clavannae Silvery-leaved ditto l.b.

GYNANDRIA DIANDRIA.

204 Cypripedium album White Ladies-Slipper b.

GYNANDRIA TRIANDRIA.

205 Sisyrinchum anceps Small Sisyrinchum c.m. 206 Arum tenuifolium Fine-leaved Arum c.m.

CRYPTOGAMIA FILICES.

207 Polypodium marginale Margin-flowered Polypody b.l. 208 ---------- auriculatum Eared ditto b.l. 209 Onoclea sensibilis Sensitive Fern b. 210 Equisetum filiforme Fine Horse-tail l.

* * * * *

APPENDIX

BRITISH PLANTS CULTIVATED FOR ORNAMENTAL PURPOSES.

1. ALISMA Plantago. I cannot pass over this beautiful aquatic without giving it a place amongst the ornamental plants with which our country abounds. In pieces of water this is of considerable interest both as to flowers and foliage, and no place of the kind should ever be destitute of such a beauty. It is of easy culture; the plant taken from its place of growth and sunk into the water with a stone to keep it in its place, is a ready and easy mode of planting it, and there is no fear when once introduced but it will succeed.

2. ANDROMEDA polifolia. This is a beautiful little shrub, and grown in gardens for the sake of its flowers; it is also an evergreen. This plant will not succeed unless it is planted in bog earth,--for a description of which see page 152 of this volume.

3. AQUILEGIA vulgaris. COLUMBINE.--We have scarcely a plant affording more beauty or greater variety than this. It is commonly, when found wild, of a blue colour, but when the seeds are sown in the garden a variety of tints is produced. It is a perennial, but easily raised from seed, which should be sown in the spring.

4. ANTHEMIS maritima. A double-flowering variety of this plant used to be common in the gardens near London, but is now scarce: it is very beautiful, and constantly in bloom during summer. It is propagated by planting the roots in the spring and autumn.

5. ANTIRRHINUM linaria, v. Peloria.--I cannot pass over this singular and beautiful flower without notice. There is a fine figure of it in the Flora Londinensis: it is very ornamental, and the structure of the bloom is truly interesting. It is easily propagated by planting the roots in the spring months, but it is not common.

6. ANTIRRHINUM majus. SNAPDRAGON.--This is also a plant deserving the attention of the lover of flowers: it is capable of culture into many very beautiful and interesting varieties.

7. BELLIS perennis. DAISY.--This plant affords us many very beautiful varieties for the flower garden. The large Red Daisy and all the other fine kinds are only this plant improved by culture.

8. BUTOMIS umbellatus. This is an aquatic, and well adapted to ornament pieces of water. Its beautiful flowers in the summer months are inferior to scarcely any plants growing in such places, and its foliage will form protection for any birds, &c., which are usually kept in such places. It is easily propagated by planting it in such places.

9. CALTHA palustris. MARSH MARIGOLD.--This fine yellow flower is also made double by culture, and finds a place in the flower garden.

10. CHEIRANTHUS fruticulosus. WALLFLOWER.--Is a plant possessing great beauty, and very interesting on account of its fine scent. We have this plant also improved by culture, making many fine double varieties. It is a biennial, and easily raised from seeds, which should be sown in June. The double varieties are cultivated by cuttings of the branches.

11. CYPRIPEDIUM Calceolus. LADIES SLIPPER.--A flower of the most uncommon beauty, but is now become scarce; it is a native of the woods near Skipton in Yorkshire, but has been so much sought for by the lovers of plants as to become almost extinct. It is difficult to propagate; but when the plants have been for some years growing, will admit of being parted, so that it may be increased in that way: it will not bear to be often removed, and should be left to grow in the same place for several years without being disturbed. It succeeds best in bog earth or rotten leaves.

12. DELPHINIUM Ajacis. LARKSPUR.--This is also an annual flower, affording a pleasing variety in the flower garden in the summer months. For it culture, see p. 188.

13. DIANTHUS Caryophyllus. THE CARNATION.--All our fine varieties of the carnation are the produce of this plant.

The common single variety produces seed in great abundance, but the improved double varieties are sparing in produce: the fine kinds of this flower are reared by layers put down about the month of July; they may also be propagated by cuttings, but the other is the most eligible and certain mode.

14. EPILOBIUM angustifolium. A plant of singular ornament. There is also a white variety of this found in gardens.

15. ERICA vulgaris. There is now in cultivation in the gardens a double-flowering variety of this plant, which is highly interesting and of singular beauty. It grows readily in bog earth, and is raised by layers.

16. ERICA Daboeica. IRISH HEATH.--A plant of singular beauty and of easy culture; and being of small growth and almost constantly in bloom, has also obtained a place in the shrubbery.

17. FRITILLARIA Meleagris. A very ornamental bulbous plant, of which the Dutch gardeners have many improved varieties, varying in the colour and size of the blossoms: these are usually imported in August, and should be immediately planted, as the bulbs will not keep long when out of ground, unless they are covered with sand.

18. GALANTHUS nivalis. SNOWDROP.--The first of the productions of Flora which reminds us of the return of spring after the dark and dreary days of winter. This plant is also made double by cultivation, but is not handsomer than the common wild one. The best time for planting the bulbs of Snowdrops is in the month of September.

19. GENTIANA verna. VERNAL GENTIAN.--A delightful little plant of the finest blue colour the Flora exhibits in all her glory: its scent is also delightful: it is somewhat scarce and difficult to procure; but if more generally known, few gardens would be destitute of such a treasure. It is of tolerably easy culture, and grows well in loam: it is small, and is best kept in a pot.

20. GENTIANA Pneumonanthe. MARSH GENTIAN.--Is also a beautiful plant, and grows well in any moist place. From its beautiful blue flowers it is well adapted to the flower garden; it delights in bog earth.

21. GERANIUM phaeum. BLACK-FLOWERED GERANIUM.--This is a perennial, and makes a fine ornamental plant for the shrubbery: it will grow in any soil and situation.

22. GLAUCUM Phoeniceum. PURPLE HORN POPPY.--An annual flower of singular beauty, and deserving a place in the flower garden.

23. GNAPHALIUM margaritaceum. AMERICAN CUDWEED.--This plant affords beautiful white flowers, which drying and keeping their colour, it is worth attention on that account, as it affords a pleasing variety with the different Xeranthema, and others of the like class in winter.

24. HIERACUM aurantiacum. GRIM-THE-COLLIER.--This is an old inhabitant of our gardens, and affords a pleasing variety.

25. HOTTONIA palustris. WATER VIOLET.--This is a plant of singular beauty in spring; it is an aquatic, and makes a fine appearance in our ponds in the time of its bloom.

26. IBERIS amara. CANDYTUFT.--An annual flower of considerable beauty and interest. We have several varieties of this sold in the seed-shops.

27. IMPATIENS NOLI ME TANGERE.--A very curious flower which is grown as an annual. The construction of the seed-vessel causing the seeds to be discharged with an elastic force is a pleasing phaenomenon.

28. LATHYRUS sylvestris.--EVERLASTING PEA.--This is also a great ornament, and frequently found in gardens; it grows very readily from seeds sown in the spring of the year.

29. LEUCOJUM aestivum. SUMMER SNOW FLAKE.--This is a very noxious plant in the meadows where it grows wild. I have seen it in the neighbourhood of Wooking in Surrey quite overpower the grass with its herbage in the spring, and no kind of that animal that we know of will eat it.

It is however considered an ornamental plant, and is often found in our flower gardens. It is of easy culture: the roots may be planted in any of the autumn or winter months.

30. MALVA moschata. MUSK MALLOW.--This makes a fine appearance when in bloom, for which purpose it is often propagated in gardens: its scent, which is strong of vegetable musk, is also very pleasant.

31. MELLITIS mellyssophyllum. MELLITIS grandiflora. BASTARD BALM.--Both these plants are very beautiful, and are deserving a place in the flower garden: they are of easy culture, and will grow well under the shade of trees, a property that will always recommend them to the notice of the curious.

32. MENYANTHES Nymphoides. ROUND-LEAVED BOG BEAN.--This is a beautiful aquatic, and claims a place in all ornamental pieces of water.

33. NARCISSUS poeticus. NARCISSUS Pseudo Narcissus.--These are much cultivated in gardens for the sake of the flowers. The florists have by culture made several varieties, as Double blossoms which are great ornaments. The season for planting the bulbs of Narcissus of all kinds is the month of October: they will grow well in any soil, and thrive best under the shade of trees.

34. NUPHAR minima is also beautiful, but it is not common. It will form an ornament for pieces of water.

35. NYMPHAEA alba. NYMPHAEA lutea.--These are aquatics, and scarcely any plant is more deserving of our attention. The fine appearance of the foliage floating on the surface, which is interspersed with beautiful flowers, will render any piece of water very interesting: it should also be observed that gold-fish are found to thrive best when they have the advantage of the shade of these plants. It is difficult in deep water to make them take root, being liable to float on the surface, in which state they will not succeed. But if the plants are placed in some strong clay or loam tied down in wicker baskets and then placed in the water, there is no fear of their success: they should be placed where the water is sufficiently deep to inundate the roots two feet or a little more.

36. OPHRYS apifera. BEE ORCHIS.--There are few plants that are more generally admired than all the Orchideae for their singular beauty and uncommon structure. The one in question so very much resembles the humble-bee in appearance, that I have known persons mistake this flower for the animal. It is unfortunate for the amateurs of gardening that most plants of this tribe are difficult of propagation, and are not of easy culture. I have sometimes succeeded with this and other species, by the following method:--to take up the roots from their native places of growth as early as they can be found, and then procure some chalk and sift it through a fine sieve, and also some good tenacious loam; mix both in equal quantities in water; a large garden-pot should then be filled with some rubble of chalk, about one third deep, and then the above compost over it, placing the roots in the centre, at the usual depth they grew before. As the water drains away, the loam and chalk will become fixed closely round the bulbs, and they will remain alive and grow. By this method I have cultivated these plants for some years together.

In this way all those kinds growing in chalk may be made to grow; but such as the Orchis moryo, maculata, and pyramidalis, may be grown in loam alone, planted in pots in the common way. Care should be taken that the pots in which they are planted are protected from wet and frost in the winter season.