Chapter 17

706. Bindweed, small - - Convolvulus arvensis. 707. Bindweed, large - - ----------- sepium. 708. Bistort - - - Polygonum bistorta. 709. Brakes - - - Pteris aquilina. 710. Clown's Woundwort - - Stachys palustris. 711. Cammock - - - Ononis arvensis. 712. Coltsfoot - - - Tussilago Farfara. 713. Crowfoot, creeping - - Ranunculus repens. 714. Goutweed - - - Aegopodium Podagraria. 715. Grass, Garden Couch - Triticum repens. 716. -----, Couchy-bent - Agrostis stolonifera. 717. -----, Couch Oat, or Knot Avena elatior. 718. -----, Creeping-soft - Holcus mollis. 719. Horsetail, Corn - - Equisetum arvense. 720. Persicaria, willow-leaved Polygonum amphibium. 721. Rest Harrow - - - Ononis spinosa. 722. Sow-Thistle, Corn - - Sonchus arvensis. 723. Spatling Poppy - - Cucubalus Behen. 724. Stinging-Nettle, large - Urtica dioica. 725. Silverweed - - - Potentilla anserina. 726. Sneezewort - - - Achillea Ptarmica. 727. Thistle, melancholy - Carduus heterophyllus. 728. -------, cursed - - ------- arvensis. 729. Water Horehound - - Lycopus europaeus.

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Perennial Weeds.

This enumeration of noxious plants contains principally those which, although they are very troublesome, are more easy of extirpation than the last: for although the most of them are perennial, yet, as their roots do not spread as those of the above list do, they are to be effectually removed by taking up the plants by their roots. It should, however, be always noticed, that it is to little account to endeavour to clear any land of such incumbrances, if any waste places which are separated only by a hedge are allowed to grow these things with impunity; for the seeds will invariably find their way. The contrivance of nature in their formation is a curious and pleasant subject for the philosophical botanist; at the same time it is one of those curses which was impelled on human labour.

730. Butter-bur - - - Tussilago Petasites. 731. Burdock - - - Arctium Lappa. 732. Bugloss, small - - Lycopis arvensis. 733. Crowfoot, round-rooted - Ranunculus bulbosus. 734. --------, tall - - Ranunculus acris. 735. Dock, curdled - - - Rumex crispus. 736. ----, broad-leaved - - ----- obtusifolius. 737. ----, sharp-pointed - ----- acutus. 738. Fleabane, common - - Inula dysenteria. 739. Garlick, crow - - - Allium vineale. 740. -------, bear - - - ------ ursinum. 741. Grass, turfy hair - - Aira caespitosa. 742. -----, meadow soft - - Holcus lanatus. 743. -----, carnation - - Carex caespitosa. 744. Knapweed, common - - Centaurea nigra. 745. --------, great - - --------- Scabiosa. 746. Mugwort - - - Artemisa vulgaris. 747. Meadow-sweet - - - Spiraea ulmaria. 748 Ox-eye Daisy Chrysanthemum Leucanthe-mum 749. Plantain, great - - Plantago major. 750. Ragwort, common - - Senecio Jacobaea. 751. -------, marsh - - ------- aquaticus. 752. Rush, common - - - Juncus conglomeratus. 753. ----, blueish - - - ------ glaucus. 754. ----, flat-jointed - - ------ squarrosus. 755. ----, round-jointed - ------ articulatus. 756. ----, bulbous - - - ------ bulbosus. 757. Scabious, common - - Scabiosa avensis. 758. Thistle, milk - - - Carduus marianus. 759. -------, meadow - - ------- pratensis.

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SECTION XVI.-EXOTIC TREES AND SHRUBS.

The fashionable rage for planting ornamental trees and shrubs having so much prevailed of late years, that we meet with them by the road sides, &c. almost as common as we do those of our native soil, I have therefore enumerated them in this section.

Our limits will not admit of giving any particular descriptions of each; but as persons are often at a loss to know what soil each tree is known to thrive in best, we have endeavoured to supply that information; which will be understood by applying to the following

ABBREVIATED CHARACTERS.

c.m. read common garden mould. b.m. - bog mould. l. - loam. b.l. - bog and loam, the greater part bog. l.b. - loam and bog, the greater part loam. s. - sheltered situation. a. - annual. bi. - biennial. p. - perennial. shr. - tree or shrub. c. - creeper. w. - adapted to covering walls.

As the soils recommended may not be generally understood; a little attention to the following rules will enable persons to discover what is fit for their purposes.

Loam--the kind best adapted to the purpose of growing plants, is of a moderately close texture, between clay and sand, differing from the former in want of tenacity when wet; and not becoming hard when dry; nor is it loose and dusty like the latter; but in both states possesses somewhat of a saponaceous quality. It varies in colour from yellow to brown, and is commonly found in old pastures: it may also be remarked, that where any perennial species of Clover (Trifolium) are found wild, it is almost a certain indication of a fertile loam, and such as contains the proper food of plants in abundance.

Bog-mould--is frequently found on waste lands, where Heaths (Ericae) are produced: it is composed of decayed vegetable matter and white sand. The best sort is light when dry, of a black colour, and easily reduced to powder. Care should be taken to distinguish it from Peat, which is hard when dry, destitute in a great measure of the sand, and mostly of a red colour. This contains in great quantities sulphureous particles and mineral oil, which are known to be highly destructive to vegetation.

The mould formed from rotten leaves is a good substitute for bog-mould if mixed with sand, and is often made use of for the same purposes. These earths should be dug from the surface to the depth of a few inches and laid in heaps, that the roots, &c. contained therein may be decomposed: and before they are used should be passed through a coarse screen, particularly if intended for plants in pots.

As loam has been found to contain the greatest portion of the real pabulum of plants, it has long been used for such as are planted in pots; and the component parts of bog-earth being of a light nature, a mixture of the two in proper proportions will form a compost in which most kinds of plants will succeed. Attention should be paid to the consistence of the loam; as the more stiff it is, the greater portion of the other is necessary.

DIANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

1 JASMINUM officinale. w. Common white Jasmine c.m. 2 -------- v. argen. variegat. w. Silver-striped ditto c.m. 3 -------- v. aureo variegat. w. Gold-striped ditto c.m. 4 -------- fruticans, w. Yellow ditto c.m. 5 -------- humile, w. Dwarf yellow ditto b.l. 6 Phillyrea media, w. Privet-leaved Phillyrea c.m. 7 --------- v. virgata Twiggy ditto c.m. 8 --------- v. pendula Pendulous ditto c.m. 9 --------- oleaefolia Olive-leaved ditto c.m. 10 -------- buxifolia Box-leaved ditto c.m. 10 -------- angustifolia Narrow-leaved ditto c.m. 12 -------- v. rosmarinifolia Rosemary-leaved ditto c.m. 13 -------- brachiata Dwarf ditto c.m. 14 -------- v. latifolia Broad-leaved ditto c.m. 15 -------- v. laevis Smooth broad-leaved ditto c.m. 16 -------- v. spinosa Prickly broad-leaved ditto c.m. 17 -------- v. obliqua Hex-leaved ditto c.m. 18 Chionanthus virginicus Fringe Tree b.m. 19 Syringa vulgaris Blue lilac c.m. 20 ------- v. alba White ditto c.m. 21 -------- persica Persian ditto c.m. 22 -------- v. lacinita Cut-leaved ditto c.m. 23 -------- latifolia Broad-leaved ditto c.m.

TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

24 Cephalanthus occidentalis Button-wood b.l. 25 Houstonia coccinea Scarlet Houstonia b.l.s. 26 Buddlea globosa Globe-flowered Buddlea b.l.s. 27 Cornus florida Great-flowering Dog-wood c.m. 28 ------ mascula Cornelian Cherry c.m. 29 ------ sericea Blue-berried ditto c.m. 30 ------ alba White-berried ditto c.m. 31 ------ stricta Upright ditto c.m. 32 ------ sibirica Siberian ditto c.m. 33 ------ paniculata Panicled ditto c.m. 34 ------ alternifolia Alternate-leaved ditto c.m. 35 ------ v. virescens Green-twigged ditto c.m. 36 Ptelea trifoliata Shrubby Bean-trefoil c.m. 37 Elaeagnus angustifolia Narrow-leaved Oleaster c.m. 38 -------- v. latifolia Broad-leaved ditto c.m.

TETRANDRIA DIGYNIA.

39 Hamamelis virginica Witch Hazel c.m.

TETRANDRIA TETRAGYNIA.

40 Ilex opaca Carolina Holly b.l. 41 ---- v. angustifolia Narrow-leaved ditto b.l. 42 ---- primoides Deciduous ditto b.l. 43 ---- Cassine Dahoon ditto l. 44 ---- vomitoria South Sea Tea Tree l.

PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

45 Azalea pontica Yellow Azalea b.s. 46 ------ nudiflora Red ditto b.s. 47 ------ v. coccinea Scarlet ditto b.s. 48 ------ v. carnea Flesh-coloured ditto b.s. 49 ------ v. alba Early white ditto b.s. 50 ------ v. bicolor Red and white ditto b.s. 51 ------ v. papilionacea Variegated ditto b.s. 52 ------ v. partita Downy ditto b.s. 53 ------ v. aurantia Orange ditto b.s. 54 ------ v. viscosa Late white ditto b.s. 55 ------ v. vittata White striped ditto b.s. 56 ------ v. fissa Narrow petalled ditto b.s. 57 ------ v. floribunda Cluster-flowered ditto b.s. 58 ------ v. glauca Glaucus-leaved ditto b.s. 59 ------ v. scabra Rough-leaved ditto b.s. 60 Lonicera dioica. c. Glaucous Honeysuckle c.m. 61 -------- sempervirens. c. Trumpet ditto l. 62 -------- grata. c. Evergeen Honeysuckle c.m. 63 -------- implexa. c. Minorca ditto l. 64 -------- nigra Black-berried ditto c.m. 65 -------- tatarica Tartarian ditto c.m. 66 -------- pyrenaica Pyrenean ditto c.m. 67 -------- Alpigena Red-berried ditto c.m. 68 Lonicera caerulea Blue-berried ditto c.m. 69 -------- Symphoricarpos St. Peter's Wort c.m. 70 -------- Diervilla Yellow-flowered Honeysuckle c.m. 71 -------- Caprifolium c. Italian white ditto c.m. 72 -------- v. rubra c. Italian early red ditto c.m. 73 -------- Periclym. v. serotina c. Late red ditto c.m. 74 -------- v. quercifolia Oak-leaved ditto c.m. 75 -------- v. belgica Dutch ditto c.m. 76 Lycium barbarum. w. Willow-leaved Boxthorn c.m. 77 ------ europaeum. w. European ditto c.m. 78 Sideroxylon lycoides Willow-leaved Iron-wood b.l. 79 Rhamnus latifolius Broad-leaved ditto c.m. 80 ------- alpinus Alpine ditto b.m. 81 ------- theezans Tea ditto c.m. 82 ------- alnifolius Alder-leaved ditto c.m. 83 ------- Paliurus Christ's Thorn c.m. 84 ------- volubilis. c. Supple-jack Tree c.m. 85 ------- Ziziphus Shining-leaved ditto c.m. 86 ------- Alaternus Common Alaternus c.m. 87 ------- fol. argen. var. Silver-striped ditto c.m.s. 88 ------- fol. aureo var. Gold-striped ditto c.m.s. 89 ------- v. angustifolius Jagged-leaved ditto c.m. 90 Celastrus scandeus Climbing Staff-Tree c.m. 90 Ceanothus americanus New Jersey Tea Tree c.m. 92 Euonymus latifolius Broad-leaved Spindle-Tree c.m. 93 -------- verrucosus Warted ditto c.m. 94 -------- atro-purpureus Purple-flowered ditto c.m. 95 -------- americanus Evergreen ditto c.m. 96 Itea virginica Virginian Itea b.l. 97 ---- buxifolia Box-leaved ditto b.l. 98 Ribes glandulosum Glandulous Currant c.m. 99 ----- petraeum Rock ditto c.m. 100 ---- floridum Large-flowered ditto c.m. 101 ---- diacanthum Two-spined Gooseberry c.m. 102 ---- oxyacanthoides Hawthorn-leaved ditto c.m. 103 ---- canadense Canadian ditto c.m. 104 ---- Cynosbatea Prickly-fruited Currant c.m. 105 ---- prostratum Procumbent ditto c.m. 106 ---- alpinum Alpine ditto c.m. 107 Hedera quinquefolia. w. Virginian Creeper c.m. 108 ----- Helix v. latifolia Broad-leaved Ivy. c. c.m. 109 Vitis vitifera. c. Common Grape c.m. 110 ----- Labrusca. c. Downy-leaved ditto c.m. 111 ----- vulpina. c. Fox Grape c.m. 112 ----- laciniata. c. Parsley-leaved Vine c.m. 113 ----- arborea. c. Pepper Vine c.m.

PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA.

114 Periploca graeca. c. Virginian Silk-Tree c.m. 115 Salsola prostrata Trailing Saltwort c.m. 116 Ulmus americana American Elm c.m. 117 ----- v. alba White American ditto c.m. 118 ----- v. pendula Drooping ditto c.m. 119 ----- nemoralis Twiggy ditto c.m. 120 ----- pumila Dwarf ditto c.m. 121 ----- crispa Curled-leaved ditto c.m. 122 Bupleurum fruticosum Shrubby Hare's-ear c.m.

PENTANDRIA TRIGYNIA.

123 Rhus Typhinum Virginian Sumach c.m. 124 ---- glabrum Smooth ditto c.m. 125 ---- Vernix Varnish Tree c.m. 126 ---- copallinum Lentiscus-leaved Sumach c.m. 127 ---- radicans. c. Upright Poison Ash c.m. 128 ---- Toxicodendron. c. Trailing or officinal ditto c.m. 129 ---- Cotinus Venus's Sumach c.m. 130 ---- Coriaria Elm-leaved ditto c.m. 131 Viburnum Tinus Laurustinus c.m. 132 -------- fol. variegat. Striped-leaved ditto c.m. 133 -------- lucidum Shining-leaved ditto c.m. 134 -------- strictum Upright ditto c.m. 135 -------- nudum Oval-leaved Viburnum c.m. 136 -------- cassinoides Thick-leaved ditto l.s. 137 -------- nitidum Shining-leaved ditto b.l. 138 -------- laevigatum Cassioberry Bush b.l. 139 -------- prunifolium Thick-leaved Viburnum c.m. 140 -------- Lentago Pear-leaved ditto c.m. 141 -------- dentatum Tooth-leaved ditto c.m. 142 -------- v. pubescens Downy-leaved ditto c.m. 143 ------- -acerifolium Maple-leaved ditto c.m. 144 -------- Opulus v. americana American Gelder Rose c.m. 145 -------- v. rosea Snow-ball ditto c.m. 146 -------- alnifolium Alder-leaved ditto c.m. 147 Sambucus canadensis Canadian Elder c.m. 148 -------- nigra v. laciniata Cut-leaved ditto c.m. 149 -------- racemosa Clustered-flowered ditto c.m. 150 Staphylea trifolia Three-leaved Bladder-Nut c.m. 151 Tamarix germanica German Tamarisk c.m.

PENTANDRIA PENTAGYNIA.

152 Aralia spinosa Angelica Tree b.l.

PENTANDRIA POLYGYNIA.

153 Zanthorhiza Apifolium Parsley-leaved Zanthorhiza b.

HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

154 Prinos verticillatus Whorl-leaved Winter-berry b.l. 155 ------ glaber Smooth ditto b.l. 156 ------ lanceolatus Lanceolate-leaved ditto b.l. 157 ------ laevigatus Spear-leaved ditto b.l. 158 Berberis canadensis Canadian Barberry b.l. 159 -------- cretica Cretan ditto b.l. 160 -------- sibirica Siberian ditto b.l.

HEPTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

161 Aesculus Hippocastanum Common Horse Chesnut c.m. 162 ------- flava Yellow-flowered ditto c.m. 163 ------- Pavia Scarlet-flowered ditto c.m. 164 ------- parviflora Small-flowered ditto c.m.

OCTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

165 Koelreuteria paniculata Panicled Koelreuteria b.l. 166 Vaccinium stamineum Green-twigged Bleaberry b.m. 167 --------- diffusum Shining-leaved ditto b.m. 168 --------- fuscatum Brown ditto b.m. 169 --------- angustifolium Narrow-leaved ditto b.m. 170 --------- frondosum Obtuse-leaved ditto b.m. 171 --------- venustum Red-twigged ditto b.m. 172 --------- resinosum Clammy ditto b.m. 173 --------- amoenum Broad-leaved ditto b.m. 174 --------- virgatum Twiggy-leaved ditto b.m. 175 --------- tenellum Gale-leaved ditto b.m. 176 --------- macrocarpon Large-fruited ditto b.m. 177 --------- nitidum Shining-leaved ditto b.m. 178 --------- ligustrinum Privet-leaved ditto b.m. 179 --------- pumilum Dwarf ditto b.m. 180 Erica ciliaris Ciliated Heath b.m.s. 181 ----- mediterranea Mediterranean ditto b.m.s. 182 ----- australis Spanish ditto b.m.s. 183 ----- herbacea Herbaceous ditto b.m. 184 ----- arborea Tree ditto b.m.s. 185 Daphne alpina Alpine Daphne b.l. 186 ------ pontica Two-flowered ditto b.l.s. 187 ------ Cneorum Trailing ditto b.l. 188 ------ Tartonraira Silver-leaved Daphne b.l.s. 189 ------ collina Hairy ditto b.l.s. 190 ------ Gnidium Flax-leaved ditto b.l.s. 191 Dirca palustris Marsh Leatherwood b.m.

OCTANDRIA DIGYNIA.

192 Polygonum frutescens Shrubby Polygonum b.s.

ENNEANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

193 Laurus Benzoin Benjamin Tree c.m. 194 ------ nobilis Sweet Bay c.m. 195 Sassafras Sassafras Tree b.l.

DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

196 Sophora japonica Japan Sophora c.m. 197 Cercis Siliquastrum European Judas Tree c.m. 198 ------ canadensis American ditto c.m. 199 Guilandina dioica Canadian Bonduc c.m. 200 Ruta graveolens Common Rue c.m. 201 ---- montana Mountain ditto c.m. 202 Kalmia latifolia Broad-leaved Kalmia b.s. 203 ------ angustifolia Narrow-leaved ditto b.s. 204 ------ v. carnea Pale-flowered ditto b.s. 205 ------ glauca Glaucus-leaved ditto b.s. 206 Ledum palustre Marsh Rosemary b.s. 207 ----- v. decumbens Dwarf ditto b.s. 208 ----- latifolium Labrador Tea b.s. 209 ----- buxifolium Box-leaved Ledum b.s. 210 Rhodora canadensis Canadian Rhodora b.m. 211 Rhodorendron ferrugineum Rusty-leaved Rhododendron b.m. 212 ------------ dauricum Dauric ditto b.m. 213 ------------ hirsutum Hairy ditto b.m. 214 ------------ ponticum Pontic ditto b.m. 215 ------------ fol. variegat. Striped-leaved ditto b.m. 216 ------------ cataubiense Large ditto b.m. 217 ------------ maximum Large-leaved ditto b.m. 218 ------------ punctatum Dotted ditto b.m. 219 Andromeda mariana Maryland Andromeda b.m. 220 --------- v. oblonga Oval-leaved ditto b.m. 221 --------- ferruginea Rusty-leaved ditto b.m. 222 --------- polyfolia, v. major Broad-leaved rusty ditto b.m. 223 --------- paniculata Panicled ditto b.m. 224 --------- arborea Tree ditto b.m. 225 --------- racemosa Branching ditto b.m. 226 --------- axillaris Notch-leaved ditto b.m. 227 --------- coriacea Thick-leaved ditto b.m. 228 --------- acuminata Acute-leaved ditto b.m. 229 --------- calyculata Globe-flowered ditto b.m. 230 --------- v. latifolia Broad Box-leaved ditto b.m. 231 --------- v. angustifolia Narrow-leaved ditto b.m. 232 --------- Catesbaei Catesby's ditto b.m. 233 Epigaea repens Creeping Epigaea b.s. 234 Gualtheria procumbens Procumbent Gualtheria b.s. 235 Arbutus Unedo Common Strawberry Tree b.l. 236 ------- v. fl. rubro Scarlet-flowered ditto b.l. 237 ------- v. flore pleno Double-flowered ditto b.l. 238 ------- v. angustifolia Narrow-leaved ditto b.l. 239 ------- v. crispa Curled-leaved ditto b.l. 240 ------- Andrachne Eastern ditto b.l. 241 Clethra alnifolia Alder-leaved Clethra b.l. 242 ------- v. pubescens Pubescent ditto b.l. 243 Styrax officinale Officinal Styrax b.l. 244 ------ grandifolium Large-leaved ditto l. 245 ------ laevigatum Smooth-leaved ditto l.

DECANDRIA DIGYNIA.