Part 1

THE

BOTANICAL MAGAZINE;

OR,

Flower-Garden Displayed:

IN WHICH

The most Ornamental FOREIGN PLANTS, cultivated in the Open Ground, Green-House and the Stove, are accurately represented in their natural Colours.

TO WHICH ARE ADDED,

Their Names, Class, Order, Generic and Specific Characters, according to the celebrated LINNÆUS; their place of Growth, and Times of Flowering:

TOGETHER WITH

THE MOST APPROVED METHODS OF CULTURE.

A WORK

Intended for the Use of such LADIES, GENTLEMEN, and GARDENERS, as wish to become scientifically acquainted with the Plants they cultivate.

By _WILLIAM CURTIS_,

Author of the FLORA LONDINENSIS.

VOL. X.

"What nature, alas! has denied "To the delicate growth of our isle, "Art has in a measure supplied; "E'en Winter is deck'd with a smile."

COWPER.

_LONDON_

PRINTED BY STEPHEN COUCHMAN,

For W. CURTIS, N^o 3, _St. George's-Crescent_, Black-Friars-Road; And Sold by the principal Booksellers in Great-Britain and Ireland.

MDCCXCVI.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

325 JUSTICIA NASUTA.

326 MESEMBRYANTHEMUM VIRIDIFLORUM.

327 CHRYSANTHEMUM INDICUM.

328 TRIFOLIUM INCARNATUM.

329 ONONIS NATRIX.

330 SIDA CRISTATA.

331 KALMIA ANGUSTIFOLIA.

332 OENOTHERA FRUTICOSA.

333 CERINTHE MAJOR.

334 HYPERICUM MONOGYNUM.

335 ONONIS ROTUNDIFOLIA.

336 LOTUS HIRSUTUS.

337 PRUNELLA GRANDIFLORA.

338 ALLAMANDA CATHARTICA.

339 ARUM TRILOBATUM.

340 POLYGALA HEISTERIA.

341 SCILLA AMÆNA.

342 ERICA PERSOLUTA.

343 ANTHOLYZA CUNONIA.

344 ASPALATHUS PEDUNCULATA.

345 POLYGALA BRACTEOLATA.

346 PROTEA MELLIFERA.

347 OENOTHERA ROSEA.

348 CALCEOLARIA FOTHERGILLII.

349 SOLANUM LACINIATUM.

350 ERICA VENTRICOSA.

351 SAXIFRAGA MUTATA.

352 OENOTHERA PURPUREA.

353 MAHERNIA INCISA.

354 MIMULUS AURANTIACUS.

355 OENOTHERA PUMILA.

356 ERICA MASSONI.

357 BRIZA MAXIMA.

358 ERICA BACCANS.

359 CONVOLVULUS ALTHÆOIDES.

360 HIBISCUS SPECIOSUS.

INDEX: Latin Names of the Plants.

INDEX: English Names of the Plants.

INDEX: Latin Names of the Plants contained in the first Ten Volumes.

INDEX: English Names of the Plants contained in the first Ten Volumes.

INDEX: Hardy Trees contained in the first Ten Volumes.

INDEX: Hardy Shrubs contained in the first Ten Volumes.

INDEX: Hardy Herbaceous Perennial Plants contained in the first Ten Volumes.

INDEX: Annual and Biennial Plants contained in the first Ten Volumes.

INDEX: Greenhouse Plants contained in the first Ten Volumes.

INDEX: Stove Plants contained in the first Ten Volumes

INDEX: Plants contained in the first Ten Volumes arranged according to the System of LINNÆUS.

[325]

JUSTICIA NASUTA. DICHOTOMOUS JUSTICIA.

_Class and Order._

DIANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

_Generic Character._

_Cor._ ringens. _Caps._ 2-locularis: seminum retinaculis 2-valvis: valvis longitudinalibus unciculatis. _Stamina_ anthera solitaria.

_Specific Character and Synonyms._

JUSTICIA _nasuta_ foliis lanceolato-ovatis integerrimis pedunculis dichotomis. _Linn. Sp. Pl. Ed. 3. p. 23. Syst. Vegetab. ed. 14. Murr. p. 63._

PULCOLLI _Rheed. Mal. 9. p. 135. t. 69._

This species of Justicia, long since figured in the _Hortus Malabaricus_, and described in the _Species Plantarum_ of LINNÆUS, has been introduced to the Royal Garden at Kew, since the publication of the _Hortus Kewensis_, by Mr. AITON: it is a stove plant, producing, almost the year through, abundance of flowers, distinguished not less for their singularity than their snowy whiteness; the following description, taken from the living plant, is fuller than that of LINNÆUS in the _Sp. Pl._

DESCR. Stalk shrubby, somewhat angular, three feet or more in height, green, very much branched, slightly pubescent; Leaves opposite, standing on short footstalks, ovato-lanceolate, running out to a short blunt point, entire, veiny, a little downy; Peduncles from the alæ of the leaves, alternate, dichotomous, two small bracteæ are placed at each bifurcation; Flowers pure white, inodorous; Calyx composed of five lanceolate, entire leaves, continuing; these, as well as the whole of the plant, are beset with minute transparent globules, visible with a magnifier. Corolla deciduous, tube linear, grooved, pale green, slightly villous, bending a little upward; upper lip very narrow, bent back, bifid at the extremity, the edges toward the base rolled back, so as to make it appear in that part almost tubular; lower lip depending, trifid, segments equal, obtuse at the base, round the mouth of the tube marked with fine purple dots; Filaments two, short, projecting from the mouth of the tube, finally bending back; Antheræ at first yellow, afterwards livid; Germen oblong, smooth; Style capillary, slightly hairy; Stigma bifid.

The plant is increased by cuttings; in the _Hort. Malab._ the bruised leaves are described as in use for the cure of cutaneous eruptions.

[326]

MESEMBRYANTHEMUM VIRIDIFLORUM. GREEN-FLOWERED FIG-MARIGOLD.

_Class and Order._

ICOSANDRIA PENTAGYNIA.

_Generic Character._

_Cal._ 5-fidus. _Petala_ numerosa linearia. _Caps._ carnosa infera polysperma.

_Specific Character and Synonyms._

MESEMBRYANTHEMUM _viridiflorum_ foliis semicylindraceis papuloso-pilosis, calycibus quinquefidis hirsutis. _Ait. Kew. v. 2. p. 196. Haworth Mesemb. p. 199. Syst. Nat. ed. Gmel. p. 848._

Of the seventy species of Mesembryanthemum described in the _Hortus Kewensis_, this is the only one with green flowers.

Mr. MASSON introduced it from the Cape in 1774.

The flowers are not only remarkable for their colour, but the extreme fineness of the florets; they begin to come forth in July, and continue to be produced till the end of September; the plant is easily increased by cuttings, is of ready growth, and blows freely.

In Mr. HAWORTH's _Observations on the Genus Mesembryanthemum_, lately published, there is a very ample description of it, to which we refer such of our readers as wish for more minute information respecting it.

[327]

CHRYSANTHEMUM INDICUM. INDIAN CHRYSANTHEMUM.

_Class and Order._

SYNGENESIA POLYGAMIA SUPERFLUA.

_Generic Character._

_Recept._ nudum. _Pappus_ marginatus. _Cal._ hemisphæricus, imbricatus: squamis marginalibus membranaceis.

_Specific Character and Synonyms._

CHRYSANTHEMUM _indicum_ foliis simplicibus ovatis sinuatis angulatis serratis acutis. _Linn. Syst. Vegetab. ed. 14. Murr. p. 773. Spec. Pl. 1253. Thunb. Jap. p. 320._

TSJETTI-PU. _Rheed. Mal. t. 44._

MATRICARIA sinensis. _Rumph. Amb. p. 259. t. 91._

MATRICARIA japonica maxima flore roseo sive suave rubente pleno elegantissimo. _Breyn. Prod. p. 66?_

KIK, KIKF, vel KIKKU. _Kœmpf. Amæn. Ex. p. 875._

We rejoice in the opportunity afforded us, of presenting our readers with the coloured engraving of a plant recently introduced to this country, which, as an ornamental one, promises to become an acquisition highly valuable.

This magnificent species of Chrysanthemum, which we have hitherto seen only in the collection of Mr. COLVILL, Nurseryman, King's-Road, Chelsea, began to flower with him early in November last, 1795; and as there were many buds on the plant, at that time, yet unopened, it appeared as if it would continue to flower during the early part of the winter at least.

It is a plant of strong growth; the stem rising to the height of two or three feet, somewhat woody, much branched, beset with numerous leaves, having some resemblance to those of Mugwort, of a greyish hue; the flowers, on being smelt to, discover an agreeable fragrance, they are produced on the summits of the branches in a loose sort of cluster (those which terminate the main stem, grow to the size of a large carnation) of a dark purple colour; they are, it is to be observed, double, or rather between semidouble and double; the florets of the radius at first perfectly tubular or quilled, as they advance split gradually downward on the inside, their outside is of a greyish tint, which being visible in most of the florets, especially the younger ones, gives them a particoloured appearance; these florets do not so completely occupy the receptacle but that room is left for a few others in the centre, of a different form, and yellow colour, which, on examination, appear to have their parts perfect, as indeed do those of the radius; the receptacle is beset with membranous paleæ or chaffy scales, a circumstance which would lead us to consider this plant rather as an _Anthemis_ than a _Chrysanthemum_, of which it has the calyx, with the foliage of _Mugwort_.

New as this plant is to us, it appears to have been cultivated in China for ages: LINNÆUS, who describes it in his _Species Plantar._ refers us to a figure in the _Hortus Malabaricus_; this figure, and the description accompanying it, agree generally with our plant, but the flowers are more double, much smaller, less clustered, and do not correspond in point of colour, yet there can be no doubt but our plant is a variety of the same; it is there described as growing in sandy situations, and having green petals.

RUMPHIUS, in his highly interesting work, the _Herbarium Amboinense_ is much more minute in his information; he observes, that these plants were originally brought from China, where they flower in May and June; that there are two sorts principally cultivated in India, the white and yellow-flowered, and a third sort, differing only in the colour of its flowers which are red (the variety, as we suppose, here figured) began to be known among them at Amboyna; the flowers there do not expand well, owing to their being produced at the rainy season, and they decay without producing any seed.

He tells us further, that it is cultivated chiefly for pleasure; that the natives and the Dutch plant it only in the borders of their gardens, in which it does not succeed so well as in pots; and that, if it remains more than two years in the same spot, it degenerates, becomes less woody, and often wholly perishes; that the Chinese, by whom it is held in high estimation, pay great attention to its culture; they set it in pots and jars, and place it before the windows of their apartments, and that it is not unusual for them when they invite their friends to an entertainment to decorate their tables with it; on those occasions, he that produces the largest flower, is considered as conferring the greatest honour on his guests; besides these three varieties already mentioned, they have a fourth, which is more rare, whose flowers are of a greenish ash colour (is not this the var. figured in the _Hort. Malab._?) all these varieties growing in separate pots, they place in certain quarters which they particularly wish to decorate, and the effect they produce is highly pleasing: in the cultivation of this plant they spare no pains, the shorter it is and the larger its flowers, the more it is esteemed; to make it dwarfish, and at the same time productive of flowers, they check its growth; for, if suffered to grow rude, it assumes a wild nature, and produces little but leaves when it is coming into flower, of the three blossoms which usually terminate each branch, they pluck off two, and thus the remaining flower grows larger; by this, and other management, they cause the flowers to grow to the breadth of one's hand: he enumerates still a fifth sort with white flowers, which is extremely rare, and smaller than the others, called _Tsehuy say si_, that is the _drunken woman_; its flowers morning and evening flag, and hang down as if debilitated by intoxication, in the middle of the day they become erect, and follow the course of the sun; but this (most probably a distinct species) is not exported from China. Finally, he remarks, that the Chinese and Malays are so attached to these flowers, that they even decorate their hair with them.

THUNBERG, in his _Flora Japonica_, enumerates it among the natives of that country, and describes it as growing spontaneously in Papenberg, near Nagasaki, and elsewhere, observing, that it is cultivated for the extreme beauty of its flowers in gardens and houses throughout the whole empire of Japan, and that the flowers vary infinitely in point of colour, size, and plenitude. KÆMPFER's account of it in his _Amæn. Exot._ is very similar.

This Chrysanthemum appears to be a hardy greenhouse plant, and it is highly probable that, like the _Camellia_ and _Aucuba_, it will bear the cold of our mild winters without injury.

As it flowers so late, there is but little prospect of its producing seeds with us, but it may be increased by cuttings, and parting of the roots.

[328]

TRIFOLIUM INCARNATUM. CRIMSON TREFOIL.

_Class and Order._

DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA.

_Generic Character._

_Flores_ subcapitati. _Legumen_ vix calyce longius non dehiscens deciduum.

_Specific Character and Synonyms._

TRIFOLIUM _incarnatum_ spicis villosis oblongis obtusis aphyllis, foliolis subrotundis crenatis. _Linn. Syst. Vegetab. ed. 14. Murr. p. 689. Ait. Kew. v. 3. p. 87._

TRIFOLIUM spica rotunda rubra. _Bauh. Pin. p. 328._

LAGOPUS maximus flore rubro. The greatest Haresfoot. _Park. Th. p. 1106. f. 1._

TRIFOLIUM album incarnatum spicatum f. Lagopus maximus. _Bauh. Hist. 2. p. 376._

Of the annual species of _Trifolium_ cultivated by the curious here, this is one of the largest, as well as one of the most shewy; the blossoms in the plants which we have had an opportunity of observing, have been of a bright crimson colour, and have therefore corresponded badly with the name of _incarnatum_, originally applied to the plant by some of the old botanists, and adopted by LINNÆUS; like other Trefoils with red flowers, the blossoms are doubtless found with different shades of colour, and sometimes wholly white.

It is a native of Italy, a hardy annual, cultivated here by PARKINSON in 1640, flowers in July, and readily ripens its seeds, by which it is easily raised. It appears to have been lost out of this country since its first introduction, as it is not mentioned by MILLER; Mr. AITON enumerates it among the productions of Kew-Garden, and we last summer saw several plants of it raised from foreign seeds flowering in the garden of JOHN SYMMONS, Esq. Paddington-House, Paddington, who has to boast a collection of hardy herbaceous plants superior to most in this country; his readiness to oblige me with specimens for drawing on this occasion, and his various acts of kindness exerted in the promotion of my botanical views, I have to acknowledge with much gratitude.

[329]

ONONIS NATRIX. YELLOW-FLOWERED REST-HARROW.

_Class and Order._

DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA.

_Generic Character._

_Cal._ 5-partitus: laciniis linearibus. _Vexillum_ striatum. _Legumen_ turgidum sessile. _Filamenta_ connata absque fissura.

_Specific Character and Synonyms._

ONONIS _Natrix_ pedunculis unifloris aristatis, foliis ternatis viscosis stipulis integerrimis caule fruticoso. _Linn. Syst. Vegetab. ed. 14. Murr. p. 653. Ait. Kew. v. 3. p. 24._

ANONIS viscosa spinis carens lutea major. _Bauh. Pin. 389._

The _Ononis Natrix_, a plant usually to be met with in all general collections of greenhouse plants, is a native of Spain, and the South of France, where it is said to grow wild in the corn-fields.

The general practice sanctioned by that of Mr. AITON, is to consider this species as tender; Mr. MILLER says it is very hardy, and recommends it to be planted in the open border, a treatment likely to suit it in mild winters; there is, however, one part of his account evidently erroneous, he describes the root as perennial, and the stem as herbaceous, this is not only contrary to LINNÆUS's specific description, but to fact, the stalk being undoubtedly shrubby.

As this plant in the course of a year or two is apt to grow out of form, it is advisable either to renew it frequently by seed, which it produces in abundance, or to keep it closely cut in.

It flowers from the middle of summer till towards the close, and is propagated readily either by seeds or cuttings.

Is no novelty in this country, having been cultivated by Mr. JAMES SUTHERLAND in 1683[1].

[330]

SIDA CRISTATA. CRESTED SIDA.

_Class and Order._

MONADELPHIA POLYANDRIA.

_Generic Character._

_Cal._ simplex, angulatus. _Stylus_ multipartitus. _Caps._ plures 1-spermæ.

_Specific Character and Synonyms._

SIDA _cristata_ foliis angulatis, inferioribus cordatis, superioribus panduriformibus, capsulis multilocularibus. _Sp. Pl. ed. 3. p. 964. Syst. Veg. ed. 14. Murr. p. 623. Ait. Kew. v. 2. p. 444. Cavanill. Diss. 1. t. 11. f. 2._

ABUTILON Lavateræ flore, fructu cristato. _Dill. Elth. t. 2._

ANODA hastata. _Linn. Syst. Nat. ed. Gmel. p. 1040._

DILLENIUS has figured and described this plant in his _Hortus Elthamensis_ as an _Abutilon_: LINNÆUS in his _Sp. Pl._ has ranked it with the _Sida_'s, in which he has been followed by Prof. MURRAY, Messrs. AITON and CAVANILLE; but Prof. GMELIN, in the last edition of LINNÆUS' _Syst. Nat._ has made another new genus of it, by the name of _Anoda_; as his reasons for so doing are by no means cogent, we join the majority in continuing it a _Sida_.

It flowered in the garden of Mr. SHERARD, at Eltham, in 1725, and was introduced from Mexico, where it is a native: Mr. AITON considers it a stove plant, as he does the _Tropæolum majus_, and other natives of South-America; strictly speaking they may be such, but if raised early, and treated like other tender annuals, this plant will flower and ripen its seeds in the open ground, as we have experienced at Brompton.

It grows to the height of three feet, or more, producing during the months of July and August a number of blossoms in succession, which are large and shewy; the stigmata in this flower are curious objects, resembling the heads of Fungi in miniature.

[331]

KALMIA ANGUSTIFOLIA. NARROW-LEAV'D KALMIA.

_Class and Order._

DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

_Generic Character._

_Cal._ 5-partitus. _Cor._ hypocrateriformis, limbo subtus quinque corni. _Caps._ 5-locularis.

_Specific Character and Synonyms._

KALMIA _angustifolia_ foliis lanceolatis, corymbis lateralibus. _Linn. Syst. Veget. ed. 14. Murr. p. 404. Ait. Kew. v. 2. p. 64. Gronov. Fl. Virg. p. 65._

CHAMÆDAPHNE sempervirens, foliis oblongis angustis, foliorum fasciculis oppositis e foliorum alis. _Catesb. Carol. app. t. 17. f. 1._

LEDUM floribus bullatis fasciculatim ex alis foliorum oppositis nascentibus, foliis lanceolatis integerrimis glabris. _Trew. Ehr. t. 38._

In this work we have already given three different species of _Kalmia_, two commonly, and one more rarely cultivated with us, we mean the _hirsuta_, and which indeed we are sorry to find is scarcely to be kept alive in this country by the most skilfull management; to these we now add another species, a native also of North-America, introduced by PETER COLLINSON, Esq. in 1736, two years after he had introduced the _latifolia_; CATESBY mentions its having flowered at Peckham in 1743; it is a low shrub, rarely rising above the height of two feet, growing spontaneously in swampy ground, and flowering with us from May to July; there are two principal varieties of it, one with pale and another with deep red flowers; these two plants differ also in their habits, the red one, the most humble of the two, not only produces the most brilliant flowers, but those in greater abundance than the other; Mr. WHITLEY, who has these plants in great perfection, assures me that it usually blows in the autumn as well as summer.

This shrub is extremely hardy, thriving best in bog earth, and is propagated most commonly by layers.

Like the _latifolia_, it is regarded in America as poisonous to sheep.

[332]

OENOTHERA FRUTICOSA. SHRUBBY OENOTHERA.

_Class and Order._

OCTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

_Generic Character._

_Calix_ 4-fidus. _Petala_ 4. _Capsula_ cylindrica infera. _Semina_ nuda.

_Specific Character and Synonyms._

OENOTHERA _fruticosa_ foliis lanceolatis subdentatis, capsulis pedicellatis acutangulis, racemo pedunculato. _Linn. Syst. Veget. ed. 14. Murr. p. 358. Ait. Kew. v. 2. p. 4. L'Herit. Stirp. nov. t. 2. t. 5._

OENOTHERA florum calyce monophyllo, hinc tantum, aperto. _Gron. virg. 42._

LYSIMACHIA lutea caule rubente, foliis salicis alternis nigro maculatis, flore specioso amplo, vasculo seminali eleganter striato insidente, _Clayt. n. 36._

Most of the _Oenothera_ tribe are annual, have large yellow flowers, which open once only, and that in the evening, displaying their beauty, and exhaling their fragrance at a time which will not admit of their being much enjoyed; the present species in some respects deviates from many of the others, the root is perennial, the flowers which are large and shewy, though they open in the evening, remain expanded during most of the ensuing day; the flower-buds, the germen, and the stalk are enlivened by a richness of colour which contributes to render this species one of the most ornamental and desirable of the tribe.

It is a hardy perennial, growing to the height of three or four feet, with us altogether herbaceous, and therefore improperly called _fruticosa_; a native of Virginia, flowering from June to August: was cultivated in 1739 by Mr. MILLER.

May be propagated by seeds, by parting of the roots, and also by cuttings.

[333]

CERINTHE MAJOR. GREAT HONEY-WORT.

_Class and Order._

PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

_Generic Character._

_Corollæ_ limbus tubulato ventricosus: fauce pervia. _Semina_ 2, bilocularia.

_Specific Character and Synonyms._

CERINTHE _major_ foliis amplexicaulibus, corollis obtusiusculis patulis. _Linn. Syst. Vegetab. ed. 14. Murr. p. 187. Ait. Kew. v. 1. p. 183._

CERINTHE _glaber_ foliis oblongo-ovatis glabris amplexicaulibus, corollis obtusiusculis patulis. _Mill. Dict. ed. 6. 4to._

CERINTHE flore ex rubro purpurascente. _Bauh. pin. p. 258._

CERINTHE major. Great Honiewoort. _Ger. Herb._

Ancient writers on plants, supposing that the flowers of this genus produced abundantly the material of which bees form their wax, gave it the name of _Cerinthe_, which rendered into English would be wax-flower or waxwort, not honeywort, by which the genus has long been, and is now, generally called.

Of this genus there are only two species known, the _major_ and the _minor_, both happily distinguished by the different form of their flowers, a part from which it is not common to draw specific differences, though in some instances they afford the best.

The _major_ varies much, the leaves being sometimes spotted, very rough, and the flowers of a more yellow hue; this is the sort figured by GERARD in his Herbal, who mentions its growing in his garden (1597). MILLER considers this as a species but LINNÆUS, HALLER, AITON, and others, regard it as a variety; our figure represents the _Cerinthe glaber_ of MILLER.

This is an annual, remarkable for the singular colour of its foliage; its flowers, though not very brilliant, possess a considerable share of beauty; both combined render it worthy a place in our gardens, more especially as it is a plant of easy culture, coming up spontaneously from self-sown seeds, and being a native of Switzerland, as well as the more southern parts of Europe, seedling plants produced in the Autumn rarely suffer by our winters. It flowers in July, August, and September.

[334]

HYPERICUM MONOGYNUM. CHINESE ST. JOHN'S-WORT.

_Class and Order._

POLYADELPHIA POLYANDRIA.

_Generic Character._

_Cal._ 5-phyllus. _Petala_ 5. _Nect._ 0. _Capsula._

_Specific Character and Synonyms._

HYPERICUM _monogynum_ floribus monogynis, staminibus corolla longioribus, calycibus coloratis, caule fructicoso. _Linn. Syst. Vegetab. ed. 14. Murr. p. 702. Hort. Kew. v. 3. p. 108._