Part 4

[2] The frequent questions on the counties, are not inserted, with an intention of requiring pupils to retain in their memories the whole of them;—but rather that no pupil should omit to learn those of his own state. This is all that should be required of them on reviewing their lessons.

NEW HAMPSHIRE.... AND ... VERMONT.

1. Which of these States is more eastwardly? 2. Which extends further north? 3. Which of them has any sea-coast? 4. What state lies east from New Hampshire? 5. What state south?

6. How many counties are there in New Hampshire? 7. What counties border upon Massachusetts? 8. What on Maine? 9. What counties lie along the Connecticut river? 10. What counties in the interior?

11. What mountains are there in this State? 12. In what part of the State are the Pigwacket mountains? 13. In what county are they?

14. What lake in the northern part of Coos county? 15. What river flows from Lake Umbagog into the state of Maine? 16. Which is the largest lake in New Hampshire? 17. How is it situated? 18. Which way from Squam lake, is Ossipee lake? 19. Which is more eastwardly, Smith’s lake, or East pond? 20. In what county are Enfield pond, and Newfound lake? 21. How is Sunapee lake situated?

22. What river bounds New Hampshire on the west? 23. What rivers, in Coos county, flow into the Connecticut river? 24. What river flows from East pond, into Great bay? 25. What river flows from Lake Ossipee, into Saco river? 26. Where does the Merrimack river rise? 27. What is its course through New Hampshire? 28. What state does it enter after leaving New Hampshire, and which way flow? 29. Into what does the Contocook river flow? 30. The Nashua river? 31. The Mascomey river? 32. The Piscataqua river? 33. At the mouth of what river is Hinsdale?

34. In what county, and on what river, is Concord, the capital of the state? 35. In what county is Portsmouth? 36. Is Portsmouth a seaport? 37. In what county is Amherst? 38. Keene? 39. Charlestown? 40. Haverhill? 41. Lancaster? 42. Dover?

43. On what river are Peterboro’ and Jaffrey? 44. Claremont? 45. Which way is Keene from Concord? 46. From Amherst to Portsmouth? 47. From Washington to Jefferson?

48. How many counties are in Vermont? 49. Which of them lie south from the 44th parallel of latitude? 50. What two are crossed by it? 51. Which is in the interior? 52. What counties are in the north part?

53. What country lies north from Vermont? 54. What state lies south? 55. What west?

56. What range of mountains runs through the centre of the state? 57. What is its course?

58. What lakes lie west from Vermont? 59. What north? 60. What lake is in Addison county? 61. What islands are in Lake Champlain? 62. What is their general name?

63. What river bounds Vermont on the east? 64. What rivers flow into the Connecticut river, north from the 44th parallel of latitude? 65. What south? 66. What two streams flow from Bennington county into the state of New York?

67. What river flows into Lake Champlain at Whitehall? 68. In what part of the state is Otter creek? 69. Where does it rise? 70. What is its course? 71. Through what counties, and into what lake, does it flow? 72. How many branches has White river? 73. What rivers, in the northern part of the state, flow into Lake Champlain? 74. Into Kilbourn’s lake?

75. In what county, and on what river, is Montpelier, the capital of the state? 76. In what county is St. Albans? 77. Newfane? 78. Guildhall? 79. Manchester? 80. Danville? 81. Woodstock? 82. Middlebury? 83. Rutland? 84. Chelsea?

85. Which way from Windsor to Burlington? 86. From Montpelier to Irasburg? 87. In which corner of the state is Bennington? 88. Brattleboro’?

89. Which is further north, Montpelier or Concord? 90. Portsmouth or Bennington? 91. What is the latitude of Middlebury and Haverhill? 92. Which way from Claremont to Rutland? 93. Which way from Plymouth, New-Hampshire to Plymouth, Vermont?

MASSACHUSETTS, CONNECTICUT, AND RHODE ISLAND.

1. Which is the largest of these States? 2. Which is smallest?

3. Into how many counties is Massachusetts divided? 4. What county is in the western part? 5. Through which does the Connecticut river flow? 6. Which is the largest county? 7. Which counties lie in the northeastern part? 8. Which in the southeastern part? 9. Boston and Chelsea constitute what county?

10. What mountains form the western boundary of Massachusetts? 11. Where are the Hoosack mountains? 12. In what part, and in what town of Massachusetts is Mount Tom? 13. Mount Holyoke? 14. Wachusett mountain? 15. Saddle mountain?

16. Where is Massachusetts bay? 17. Barnstable bay? 18. Buzzard’s bay? 19. Vineyard sound? 20. Wellfleet harbor? 21. Holmes’ Hole?

22. What river rises in New Hampshire and runs through the northeastern part of Massachusetts? 23. What rivers in Massachusetts flow into the Connecticut river from the east? 24. What from the west? 25. In what part of Massachusetts is Charles river?

26. _What is a canal?_ 27. What canal runs from Worcester to Providence? 28. What direct water communication between Merrimack river and Boston harbor?

29. Where is Cape Ann? 30. Cape Cod? 31. What peninsula lies north from the entrance to Boston harbor? 32. What island lies off the town of Ipswich? 33. Which is further east, Nantucket or Martha’s Vineyard? 34. What county do the Elizabeth Islands and Martha’s Vineyard constitute?

35. Which way is Worcester from Boston? 36. Concord from Worcester? 37. Which is more northwardly, Springfield or Northampton? 38. Which way from Taunton to Plymouth?

39. Where are the following celebrated manufacturing towns? viz. Amesbury? 40. Monson? 41. Ware? 42. Lowell? 43. Pawtucket? 44. Waltham? 45. Leicester? 46. Through what town does the Ware river flow?

47. What counties lie in the western part of Connecticut? 48. In what part is New Haven county? 49. Through which does the Connecticut river flow? 50. Which lie east from the Connecticut river?

51. What mountains are in Connecticut?

52. Where is Long Island Sound?

53. What river rises in Massachusetts and flows through the western part of Connecticut? 54. Through what towns does the Quinebaug river flow? 55. With what river does it unite, and form the Thames?

56. _For what purpose are canals constructed?_ 57. What canal runs from the Connecticut river at Northampton to New Haven? 58. Through what towns does it run?

59. What are the counties of Rhode Island? 60. What large bay in Rhode Island?

61. What rivers in Rhode Island? 62. Through what towns, does the Pawtuxet river flow? 63. In what part is Pawtucket river? 64. Where is Pawcatuck river?

65. To what county of Rhode Island, does Block Island belong? 66. On what island is Newport? 67. On what island is Jamestown?

68. Where is Point Judith?

69. Which way is Providence from Boston? 70. New London from Providence? 71. New Haven from Springfield? 72. Providence from Plymouth? 73. Hartford from Newport? 74. At the head of what bay, are the city and harbor of Boston situated? 75. Providence? 76. What large island lies south from Connecticut?

NEW YORK.

1. New York is divided into 56 counties; how many of them are on Long Island? 2. Which lie north from the 44th parallel of latitude? 3. Through which does the Hudson river flow? 4. What counties border on the river St. Lawrence? 5. Through what counties does the Delaware and Hudson canal run?

6. What counties lie west from the meridian of Washington? 7. What are some of the interior counties? 8. On what island is Richmond county? 9. What counties border on Lake Ontario? 10. On Lake Champlain? 11. On Lake Erie?

12. Where are the Catskill mountains? 13. Where is Crane’s mountain?

14. What lake lies north from the western part of New York? 15. Which way from New York is Lake Erie? 16. What lake separates New York from Vermont?

17. Where is Lake George? 18. What small lakes lie in the northern counties of New York? 19. Which is more northwardly, Oneida or Otsego lake?

20. Which is most westwardly, Cayuga, Seneca, or Salt lake? 21. What lake lies between Ontario and Yates counties? 22. North from what part of New York state is Long Island sound?

23. Where is Sacket’s harbor? 24. What bays are on the southern shore of Lake Ontario? 25. Where is Sag Harbor?

26. What rivers divide New York from Canada? 27. What river runs south, through nearly the whole extent of the eastern part of New York? 28. By what is it connected with Lake Champlain? 29. What city is at its mouth?

30. Through what part does the Genessee river flow? 31. What river communicates with the Hudson, near Troy? 32. What with Lake Ontario, near Brownsville? 33. Where is Tonnewanto creek?

34. What navigable water communication is there between Syracuse and Oswego? 35. The Grand canal runs through the State, from west to east; at what place does it commence? 36. At what place does it join the Hudson river? 37. In what part of the State is the Delaware and Hudson canal?

38. Where is Montauq point? 39. How is Cape Vincent situated? 40. Where is Crown point?

41. Where is Galoop island? 42. Which way from New York is Long Island? 43. How is Staten Island situated? 44. Where is Fisher’s island? 45. In what river is Grand Isle?

46. On what river is Albany, the capital? 47. Which way is it from New York city? 48. What are the principal towns on the Hudson river? 49. On what river is Utica?

50. How is Rochester situated? 51. Where is Lockport? 52. Which is further east, Herkimer or Rome? 53. In what county is Ithaca? 54. On what river is West Point? 55. Where is Fort Ticonderoga? 56. How is Fort Erie situated? 57. Which way from Fort Niagara to Fort Erie?

58. Which way from Albany is Northampton in Massachusetts? 59. Which way from Poughkeepsie to New Haven in Connecticut? 60. In what county is Saratoga Springs? 61. What navigable water communications are there between lakes Ontario and Erie? 62. What States lie east from New York? 63. What states lie south?

ENVIRONS OF NEW YORK CITY.

What river divides New York city from New Jersey? What river separates it from Long Island? Which way from New York is Brooklyn? Which way from it is Jersey city? In what county is New York city? Which way from New York city are Manhattanville and Haerlem? Where is Coney island? What island lies southwest from New York bay? What islands in New York bay? Where are the Narrows? Where is Fort Lafayette? On what island are forts Tompkins and Richmond? Which way from New York bay is Newark bay? What canal joins the Hudson river at Jersey city? In what part of New York bay is the Quarantine station?

PENNSYLVANIA, MARYLAND, NEW JERSEY, AND DELAWARE.

1. Name some of the counties that lie along the northern boundary of Pennsylvania? 2. The eastern? 3. The western? 4. The southern? 5. In the interior?

6. Through what counties does the Monongahela river flow? 7. The Alleghany river? 8. What county borders on Lake Erie?

9. What range of mountains runs through the State? 10. What other mountains are in the State?

11. What lake borders on the northwestern corner of Pennsylvania?

12. What river forms the eastern boundary? 13. What river rises in New York, and flows through Pennsylvania into Chesapeake bay? 14. The city Philadelphia is situated between two rivers, and extends from one to the other; what are those rivers called?

15. What rivers unite at Pittsburg and form the Ohio? 16. Through what part does the Juniata river flow?

17. Where is the Lehigh river, the vicinity of which abounds with coal? 18. The Schuylkill river is also celebrated for the coal mines in its neighborhood; where does it rise? 19. What is its course? 20. Into what does it flow?

21. On what river is Harrisburg, the capital of the State? 22. In what county is Pittsburg? 23. Which is more northwardly, Sunbury or Easton?

24. What town lies on Lake Erie? 25. In what county is Carbondale? 26. Which is more westwardly, Lancaster or Columbia? 27. Which way is Harrisburg from Philadelphia? 28. From Carlisle to Bethany?

29. What counties in Maryland, are west from Chesapeake bay? 30. What east?

31. What river divides Maryland from Virginia? 32. Into what does the Petapsco river flow? 33. Between what counties does the Pawtuxent river flow?

34. How is Annapolis, the capital, situated? 35. What is its latitude? 36. On what river is Baltimore? 37. At the mouth of what river is Havre de Grace?

38. How far south does Maryland extend? 39. What State is south from it? 40. Which is more northwardly, Annapolis or Baltimore? 41. Cambridge or Chestertown?

42. Into how many counties is New Jersey divided? 43. Which of them are south from the 40th parallel of latitude? 44. In what part of the State is Monmouth county? 45. Name some of the northern counties.

46. Which is more northwardly, Great or Little Egg harbor? 47. Where is Barnegat bay? 48. Where is Sandy Hook? 49. Cape May?

50. On what river is Trenton, the capital? 51. Which way from Trenton to Bordentown? 52. What bay divides New Jersey from Delaware?

53. What are the counties of Delaware? 54. Which is furthest north? 55. Which furthest south?

56. In what county is Dover, the capital, situated? 57. At the mouth of what river is New Castle? 58. Where is Georgetown? 59. Where is Cape Henlopen?

60. Which way from Harrisburg to Trenton? 61. From Trenton to Dover? 62. From Annapolis to Pittsburg?

63. What States lie east from Pennsylvania? 64. What State north from New Jersey? 65. How can a person sail from Trenton to Baltimore, and not pass Capes May and Henlopen?

66. Which is largest, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Delaware, or Maryland? 67. Which is smallest? 68. Which of them border on the Atlantic ocean?

69. What cities and towns are in the District of Columbia? 70. What river runs through it? 71. On which side of the river is Alexandria? 72. What is the latitude of Washington? 73. Of what is Washington the capital?

ENVIRONS OF PHILADELPHIA.

Between what rivers is Philadelphia situated? In what county is Philadelphia? What island is in Delaware river, opposite the city? What county lies north from Philadelphia county? Which way is Germantown from Philadelphia city? What separates Camden from Philadelphia? Where is Petty’s island?

WESTERN STATES.

1. Name the Western States. 2. Which lie north from the Ohio river? 3. Which south? 4. Which west from Mississippi river? 5. Which does Mississippi river bound on the west? 6. What two large rivers run through Kentucky and Tennessee?

7. The Territory which lies north and west from Missouri state extends westward, to the Oregon Territory; what is it called? 8. What Territory lies south from Missouri state? 9. What States south from Tennessee?—[_For answer to this question refer to the United States._] 10. What State east? 11. What State lies east from Kentucky? 12. What State east from Ohio? 13. What Territory lies north from Ohio and Indiana? 14. What north from Illinois?

15. Of what State is Columbus the capital? 16. Is Ohio a mountainous state? 17. What lake lies north? 18. What river on the south and east? 19. On what river is Zanesville? 20. What joins Ohio river at Portsmouth? 21. What river flows through the northwestern corner of the State? 22. On what river is Athens?

23. What river flows into Lake Erie at Sandusky? 24. What joins the Ohio at the southwest corner of the State? 25. What is the course of the Miami river? 26. Of Ohio river?

27. What water communication is there between Cincinnati and Dayton? 28. What is the general course of the Ohio canal? 29. What towns in the northern part of the State are near the course of the canal? 30. What in the southern part? 31. To what town does a branch of the Ohio canal run? 32. At what place does it communicate with Lake Erie?

33. What towns on Ohio river? 34. On what river is Columbus, and in what part of the State is it? 35. Which way is Cincinnati from Columbus? 36. Which is most westerly, Marietta, Cincinnati, or Gallipolis? 37. Where is Steubenville? 38. On what river, and in what part of the State, is Fort Defiance? 39. Which way is Jackson from Jefferson?

40. What State does Lake Michigan bound (in part) on the north? 41. Where is Fort Wayne? 42. What river forms part of the western boundary of Indiana? 43. Which of the branches of the Illinois river has its source in Indiana? 44. What are the branches of the Wabash? 45. How is Indianapolis, the capital situated? 46. What towns on the Ohio river? 47. Which way is Vincennes from Indianapolis? 48. Connersville from Vincennes? 49. Which way from Crawfordville is Jacksonboro’?

50. What lake separates Illinois from Michigan? 51. What three rivers form the western, southern, and (in part) the eastern, boundaries of Illinois? 52. Which is the largest river in Illinois? 53. What river in the northwestern part of the State?

54. On what river is Vandalia, the capital? 55. Where is Kaskaskia? 56. Which way is Edwardsville from Vandalia? 57. How is Shawneetown situated? 58. What town is on Lake Michigan? 59. In what part of the State is Peoria? 60. Which way is McLeansboro’ from Jacksonville?

61. What mountains are between Kentucky and Virginia? 62. What river rises in the eastern part of this State, and after passing through Tennessee, flows north, into the Ohio? 63. Where is Licking river?

64. On what river is Frankfort, the capital? 65. Which way from Frankfort to Maysville? 66. Which is more westerly, Henderson or Louisville? 67. What town on Mississippi river? 68. Which is more northwardly, Madisonville or Barbourville?

69. What mountains are between Tennessee and North Carolina? 70. What range runs through the State? 71. What lake is in this State? 72. How is it connected with Mississippi river? 73. Describe the course of the Tennessee river. 74. What are the branches of the Tennessee river, and where do they rise?

75. On what river is Nashville, the capital? 76. Which way from it is Murfreesboro’? 77. In what part is Memphis? 78. Which is more northwardly, Winchester or Knoxville? 79. Which is furthest north, Washington, Munroe, or Jackson?

80. Of what state is Jefferson city the capital? 81. What mountains are in that State? 82. What large river flows through the state? 83. Does it flow west or east? 84. What river joins the Missouri at 15° long. west from Washington? 85. What river in Missouri is of the same name as one in New Hampshire and Massachusetts?

86. What are the principal towns on Mississippi river? 87. Which is more northwardly, St. Louis or St. Charles? 88. Which is most westwardly, Franklin, Jefferson, or Jackson?

89. Of what is Detroit the capital? 90. What lakes appear on this map to border upon Michigan Territory? 91. What are some of the rivers? _Note. For the whole shape of Michigan and Northwest Territories, the learner must refer to the map of the United States, as neither of them is fully exhibited on this map._

92. What is the latitude and longitude of Zanesville? 93. Of Vandalia? 94. How can a person travel by water from Cleveland to Dayton? 95. Which is further north, Columbus or Indianapolis? 96. Frankfort or Jefferson city? 97. Which is further east, Nashville or Vincennes? 98. Which way from the capital of Ohio must you travel in order to pass in a straight line through the capitals of two other of the western States? 99. What Territory is north from Illinois? 100. Between what parallels of latitude do the Western States lie?

UNITED STATES.

The United States of North America are classed into four groups of States, each group having a distinguishing name. First, New England; second, the Middle States; third, the Western; fourth, the Southern States. This division arises from local distinctions, which exist in the character and pursuits of the inhabitants, or is founded on physical causes.

NEW ENGLAND.

New England includes the six States lying east from Hudson river and Lake Champlain. This general name was given to this part of the country by the first settlers, or, as they are generally called, ‘the pilgrim fathers,’ who left England, their native country, and landed at Plymouth, in December, 1620, in order that they might enjoy religious freedom. This section of the United States is distinguished for the industry of its inhabitants, and for being the most populous part of the Union. Great attention is paid to agriculture and commerce.

The features of New England are mountainous; and the soil is various, producing in abundance, grass, grain, and a variety of fruits. Its climate is salubrious.

There is probably no place in the world where education is so widely spread through all classes of the people; there being schools in each town, supported at public expense.

MAINE.

Is an uneven and mountainous State. Its soil is peculiarly adapted to the growth of timber, and for pasturage of cattle. The climate is healthy, although the cold is severe during the winter months. This State has an extensive sea-coast, indented with many good harbors, and commerce is actively pursued by those who reside near the ocean. The exports are timber and fish. Portland is the largest city, and has heretofore been the capital; but Augusta has recently been selected for the metropolis of the State.

NEW HAMPSHIRE.

The climate of this State is similar to that of Maine. The land is mountainous and fertile. Agriculture is the chief occupation of the inhabitants. There is but little facility for commerce, as the State has only sixteen miles of sea-coast. The harbor at Portsmouth is one of the best on the continent, and contains one of the United States’ naval stations. The capital of this State is Concord, which is a place of considerable trade, having a communication with Boston harbor by means of Middlesex canal.

VERMONT.

Derives its name from the range of the Green Mountains which runs through the State. These mountains give rise to many rivers which contribute to the fertility of the soil. The State being entirely inland, the attention of the inhabitants is directed to agriculture and manufactures. Mines of iron, copper, and lead, and quarries of marble, are found in this State. Montpelier, the capital, is a flourishing town.

MASSACHUSETTS.

Is the oldest State in New England, and is distinguished as having been the first mover in the struggle for American Independence. It is the first, except New York, in commerce, wealth, and manufactures. It is the second commercial State in the Union. The state of society is enlightened, and the advantages of education are universally enjoyed.

The land is uneven and hilly, and in the western part, mountainous. The soil is fertile, except in the southeastern part, where it is sandy.