Part 28

In 1837, a division arose in the Presbyterian church, into Old and New Schools, in consequence of variant views of doctrine and discipline. The friends of the New School were exscinded, or cut off, from the old church, but still claim to be the General Assembly of the Presbyterian church. Unfortunately, the difficulty is not settled; we cannot, therefore, give the strength of the parties.

Other Presbyterian Communities.

The Associate Presbyterians have about one hundred ministers, one hundred and ninety congregations, and twenty thousand communicants. They are principally found south and west of the Hudson River.

The Reformed Presbyterians, or Covenanters, are located principally in Ohio. They have about thirty ministers, fifty congregations, and four thousand communicants.

The Associate Reformed have about one hundred and twenty-five ministers, more than two hundred congregations, and about fifteen thousand communicants. They are located principally in Pennsylvania.

Reformed Dutch Church.

This church comprises one general synod, and two particular synods; one at New York, and another at Albany. The two synods comprise eighteen classes, about two hundred ministers, two hundred churches, twenty-seven thousand communicants, and a population of about one hundred and thirty thousand. This denomination of Christians is found almost entirely in the first settlements in the states of New York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania.

The _Christian Intelligencer_, published at New York, advocates the principles of this church.

Roman Catholics.

This denomination is spread over every section of the United States and the British Provinces. They form, it is stated, more than three fourths of the population of the Canadas. They are also found in large numbers in the Provinces of Nova Scotia and New Brunswick. In this Union, they are most numerous in the Middle States; but in consequence of the great influx of this people into North America, and their frequent change of location, it is utterly impossible to state their numbers, in each state, with any degree of accuracy. Their number in the United States is variously stated from five hundred thousand to one million five hundred thousand. Their number, probably, is not less than eight hundred thousand, nor more than one million two hundred thousand. The population of Canada, in 1840, was at least one million.

The first Roman Catholics that came to this country were from England, under Lord Baltimore, a Catholic nobleman, in 1634. They settled the state of Maryland; and, much to their honor, while some of the Protestant provinces were persecuting all those who differed from them on religious subjects, the Catholic Marylanders protected all sects that were moral and civil in their deportment.

We copy from the “Metropolitan Catholic Almanac and Laity’s Directory for 1841” the following statistical table:—

STATISTICS OF THE CATHOLIC CHURCH IN THE UNITED STATES

Diocese. Churches Clergymen Clergymen Eccl. Clerical and in the otherwise Inst. Students. Chapels. Ministry. employed. Baltimore 68 38 31 4 52 Richmond 7 6 1 0 0 Philadelphia 91 57 2 1 22 New York 64 65 1 1 14 Boston 30 31 0 0 0 Detroit 25 17 1 0 0 Cincinnati 38 34 2 1 Vincennes 27 25 5 1 9 Du Buque 5 8 0 0 0 St Louis 56 50 23 2 30 Bardstown 40 26 25 1 Nashville 1 6 0 1 2 New Orleans 38 39 11 1 9 Natchez 1 2 Mobile 7 12 7 Charleston 14 20 0 4 6 Total 512 436 109 17 144

Diocese. Literary Young Men Female Female Pupils in Inst. for in Religious Academ. Female young Men. College. Inst. Academ. Baltimore 5 633 5 9 530 Richmond 0 0 0 3 100 Philadelphia 2 60 0 1 30 New York 1 0 2 120 Boston 1 60 1 1 Detroit 1 1 1 Cincinnati 1 2 2 70 Vincennes 1 50 1 1 50 Du Buque 1 0 1 St Louis 3 320 10 10 640 Bardstown 3 300 3 10 528 Nashville 1 0 0 0 New Orleans 1 100 4 4 526 Natchez 0 0 Mobile 2 70 2 2 60 Charleston 1 2 2 128 Total 24 1593 31 49 2782

The sacred college of cardinals has fifty-seven members. The total number is seventy.

There are twelve patriarchs in the Christian world. The archbishops and bishops amount to six hundred and seventy-one. The vicars apostolic in different countries are fifty-seven in number, besides whom there are thirty-eight coadjutor-bishops, making the grand total of the Catholic episcopacy amount to seven hundred and sixty-six bishops.

CATHOLIC PERIODICALS.—The _United States Catholic Miscellany_, published weekly in Charleston, S. C.; the _Catholic Telegraph_, published weekly in Cincinnati, Ohio; the _Catholic Herald_, published weekly in Philadelphia; the _Catholic Advocate_, published weekly in Bardstown, Ky.; _Der Wahrheit’s Freund_, (German paper,) published weekly in Cincinnati, Ohio; the _New York Catholic Register_, published weekly in the city of New York; _Ordo divini Officii recitandi_, _Missæque celebrandæ, juxta Rubricas Breviarii ac Missalis Romani_, published annually in Baltimore; the _Young Catholic’s Magazine_, enlarged series, published on the first of each month, in New York.

At the time of the reformation, 1517, papal power, or the power of the pope of Rome, had acquired so great a spiritual dominion over the minds and consciences of men, that all Europe submitted to it with implicit obedience. At the present day, the Roman Catholic religion prevails, more or less, in every country in Christendom. Its population is stated to exceed eighty millions. It is the established religion of Austria, France, Portugal, and Spain, and of thirteen other states in Europe.

Popes of Rome.(16) A. D.

33. St. Peter, martyred. 66. St. Linus, martyred. 67. St. Clement, abdicated. 77. St. Cletus, martyred. 83. St. Anaclitus. 96. St. Evaristus, coadjutor to the former, martyred. 108. St. Alexander I., martyred. 117. St. Sixtus I., martyred. 127. Telesphorus, martyred. 138. Hygenus, martyred. The first called _pope_. 142. Pius I., martyred. 150. Anicetus, martyred. 162. Soter. 171. Eleutherius, martyred. 185. Victor I., martyred. 197. Zephyrinus, martyred. 217. Calixtus I., martyred. 222. Urban I., martyred. 230. Pontianus, martyred. 235. Anterus, martyred. 236. Fabian, martyred. 236. Novatianus, antipope. 250. Cornelius, beheaded. 252. Lucius I., martyred. 254. Stephen I., martyred. 257. Sixtus II., coadjutor to the former, martyred. 259. Dionysius. 269. Felix I. 274. Eutychianus. 283. Caius. 295. Marcellinus, martyred. 304. Marcellus I., martyred. 310. Eusebius, martyred. 310. Melchiades, coadjutor to the former. 314. Sylvester. 336. Marcus. 337. Julius I. 352. Liberius, banished. 356. Felix II., antipope. 358. Liberius, again, abdicated. 358. Felix became legal pope but was killed by Liberius. 359. Liberius, again. 366. Damasius. 385. Siricius. 399. Anastasius. 401. Innocent I. 417. Zosimus. 418. Boniface I. 422. Celestinus I. 432. Sixtus III. 440. Leo I., the Great. 461. Hilary. 468. Simplicius. 483. Felix III. 492. Gelasius. 496. Anastasius II. 498. Symmachus. 514. Hormisdas. 523. John I., died in prison at Ravenna. 526. Felix IV. 530. Boniface II. 533. John II. 535. Agapetus. 536. Sylvester; he was made prisoner by the antipope Vigilius, who enjoyed the papacy. 538. Vigilius, banished, and restored. 555. Pelagius I. 560. John III. 574. Benedict I. 578. Pelagius II. 590. Gregory the Great. 604. Sabiamus. 606. Boniface III. 608. Boniface IV. 615. Deusdedit. 618. Boniface V. 624. Honorius I. 640. Severinus. 640. John IV. 642. Theodorus. 649. Martin I., starved to death. 654, Eugenius I. 657. Vitalianus. 672. Adeodatus. 676. Donus. 679. Agatho. 682. Leo II. 684. Benedict II. 685. John V. 686. Conon. 686. Theodore and Pascan, antipopes. 687. Sergius. 701. John VI. 705. John VII. 708. Sisinnius. 708. Constantine. 715. Gregory II. 731. Gregory III. 741. Zacharias. 752. Stephen II., governed only four days. 752. Stephen III. 757. Paul I. 768. Stephen IV. 792. Adrian I. 795. Leo III. 816. Stephen V. 817. Paschal I. 824. Eugenius II. 827. Valentinus. 828. Gregory IV. 844. Sergius II. 847. Leo IV. 855. Benedict III. 858. Nicholas I. 867. Adrian II. 872. John VIII. 882. Martin II. 883. Adrian III. 885. Stephen VI. 891. Formosus. 896. Boniface VI. 897. Romanus, antipope. 897. Stephen VII. 898. Theodorus II., governed twenty-two days. 898. John IX. 900. Benedict IV. 904. Leo V., killed by Christiphilus. 905. Sergius III. 913. Anastasius III. 914. Laudo. 915. John X., was stifled. 928. Leo VI. 929. Stephen VIII. 931. John XI. 936. Leo VII. 939. Stephen IX. 943. Martin III. 946. Agapetus II. 956. John XII. 963. Leo VIII., turned out. 964. Benedict V., banished. 964. Leo VIII. 965. Benedict V., again. 965. John XIII. 972. Benedict VI. 974. Domus. 975. Benedict VII. 975. Boniface VII. 984. John XIV. 985. John XV., died before consecration. 986. John XVI. 996. Gregory V. 999. Silvester II. 1003. John XVI. 1004. John XVII. 1009. Sergius VI. 1012. Benedict VIII. 1024. John XVIII. 1033. Benedict IX., deposed. 1045. Gregory VI. 1046. Clement II. 1047. Benedict IX., again, abdicated. 1048. Damasius II. 1049. Leo IX. 1055. Victor II. 1057. Stephen X. 1058. Nicholas II. 1061. Alexander II. 1073. Gregory VII. 1086. Victor III., poisoned 1088. Urban II. 1099. Paschal II. 1118. Gelasius II. 1119. Calixtus II. 1124. Honorius II. 1130. Innocent II. 1143. Cælestine II. 1144. Lucius II. 1145. Eugenius III. 1153. Anastasius IV., a short time. 1154. Adrian IV., choked by a fly as he was drinking. 1159. Alexander III. 1181. Lucius III. 1185. Urban III. 1187. Gregory VIII. 1187. Clement III. 1191. Cælestine III. 1198. Innocent III. 1216. Honorius III. 1227. Gregory IX. 1241. Cælestine IV. 1243. Innocent IV. 1254. Alexander IV. 1261. Urban IV. 1265. Clement IV. 1271. Gregory X. 1276. Innocent V. 1276. Adrian V. 1276. Vicedominus, died the next day. 1276. John XIX., killed by the fall of his chamber at Viterbium. 1277. Nicholas III. 1281. Martin IV. 1285. Honorius IV. 1288. Nicholas IV. 1294. Cælestine V. 1294. Boniface VIII. 1303. Benedict XI. 1305. Clement V. 1316. John XX. 1334. Benedict XII. 1342. Clement VI. 1352. Innocent VI. 1362. Urban V. 1370. Gregory XI. 1378. Urban VI. 1389. Boniface IX. 1404. Innocent VII. 1406. Gregory XII., deposed. 1409. Alexander V. 1410. John XXI. 1417. Martin V. 1431. Eugenius IV. 1455. Calixtus III. 1458. Pius II. 1464. Paul II. 1476. Sixtus IV. 1484. Innocent VIII. 1492. Alexander VI. 1503. Pius III. 1503. Julius II. 1513. Leo X. 1522. Adrian VI. 1523. Clement VII. 1534. Paul III. 1550. Julius III. 1555. Marcellus II. 1555. Paul IV. 1559. Pius IV. 1566. Pius V. 1572. Gregory XIII. 1585. Sixtus V. 1590. Urban VII. 1590. Gregory XIV. 1591. Innocent IX. 1592. Clement VIII. 1605. Leo XI. 1605. Paul V. 1621. Gregory XV. 1623. Urban VIII. 1644. Innocent X. 1655. Alexander VII. 1667. Clement IX. 1670. Clement X. 1676. Innocent XI. 1689. Alexander VIII. 1691. Innocent XII. 1700. Clement XI. 1721. Innocent XIII. 1724. Benedict XIII. 1730. Clement XII. 1740. Benedict XIV. 1758. Clement XIII. 1769. Clement XIV., poisoned. 1775. Pius VI., February 14. 1800. Cardinal Chiaramonte. elected at Venice, as Pius VII., March 13. 1823. Annibal della Genga, Leo XII., Sept. 28. 1831. Cardinal Mauro Capellari, as Gregory XVI., Feb. 2.

The title of _pope_ was originally given to all bishops. It was first adopted by Hygenus, A. D. 138; and Pope Boniface III. procured Phocas, emperor of the East, to confine it to the prelates of Rome, 606. By the connivance of Phocas, also, the pope’s supremacy over the Christian church was established. The custom of kissing the pope’s toe was introduced in 708. The first sovereign act of the popes of Rome was by Adrian I., who caused money to be coined with his name, 780. Servius II. was the first pope who changed his name, on his election, in 844. The first pope who kept an army was Leo IX., 1054. Gregory VII. obliged Henry IV., emperor of Germany, to stand three days, in the depth of winter, barefooted, at his castle gate, to implore his pardon 1077. The pope’s authority was firmly fixed in England 1079. Appeals from English tribunals to the pope were introduced 1154. Henry II. of England held the stirrup for Pope Alexander III. to mount his horse, 1161, and also for Becket, 1170. “When Louis, king of France, and Henry II. of England, met Pope Alexander III. at the castle of Torci, on the Loire, they both dismounted to receive him, and, holding each of them one of the reins of his bridle, walked on foot by his side, and conducted him in that submissive manner into the castle.” Pope Adrian IV. was the only Englishman that ever obtained the tiara. His arrogance was such, that he obliged Frederick I. to prostrate himself before him, kiss his foot, hold his stirrup, and lead the white palfrey on which he rode. Celestine III. kicked the emperor Henry VI.’s crown off his head while kneeling, to show his prerogative of making and unmaking kings, 1191. The pope collected the tenths of the whole kingdom of England, 1226. Appeals to Rome from England were abolished 1533. The words “Lord Pope” were struck out of all English books 1541. The papal authority declined about 1600. Kissing the pope’s toe, and other ceremonies, were abolished by Clement XIV., 1773. The pope became destitute of all political influence in Europe, 1787. Pius VI. was burnt in effigy at Paris, 1791. He made submission to the French republic, 1796, was expelled from Rome, and deposed, February 22, 1798, and died at Valence, August 19, 1799. Pius VII. was elected in exile, March 13, 1800; he crowned Napoleon, December 2, 1804; was dethroned May 13, 1809; remained a prisoner at Fontainebleau till Napoleon’s overthrow; and was restored May 24, 1814.

Swedenborgians.

Believers in the doctrines of Swedenborg are found in all the states in the Union. In Maine, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, New York, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Virginia, and Ohio, are eight ordaining ministers, ten priests and teaching ministers, fifteen licentiates, and between thirty and forty societies. There are between two and three hundred towns or places in the United States where the doctrines of the New Jerusalem church are received by some portion of the people.

The number of Swedenborgians in the United States is about five thousand. The societies of this class of Christians in England are more numerous than in the United States. In Sweden they are quite numerous.

PERIODICALS.—The _New Jerusalem Magazine_ is issued monthly at Boston, Mass.; the _Precursor_ is issued monthly at Cincinnati, Ohio; the _New Churchman_ is issued quarterly at Philadelphia.

Unitarians.

Of this denomination, there are about three hundred churches and congregations in the United States, and near that number of ministers. In the city of Boston it is one of the most numerous and influential classes of Christians, having eighteen societies, most of which are large and flourishing. In the Middle, Southern, and Western States their congregations are fewer, but gradually multiplying.

PERIODICALS.—The _Christian Examiner_, the _Monthly Miscellany_, and the _Christian Register_, are published in Boston, Mass.

A favorite project of Christian philanthropy with the Unitarians has been the “ministry to the poor” in large cities and towns. They have established such an institution in Boston, New York, Cincinnati, Louisville, Providence, and elsewhere. In Boston, three large and commodious chapels have been erected, and three ministers constantly employed, by the aid of funds obtained from individual donors and annual subscriptions from associations in the several churches of the denomination.

Universalists.

There are, in the United States and Territories, one United States Convention, one United States Universalist Historical Society, twelve State Conventions, fifty-nine Associations, eight hundred and seventy-five societies, five hundred and fifty meeting-houses, and five hundred and forty preachers. Besides these, there are twenty-one periodicals published by the order, and twenty new books have been published within the year, besides reprints. There are also five schools in the patronage of the denomination. There is an Educational Association in Maine, a Sunday School Association in Massachusetts, a Publishing Association in Pennsylvania, a public library of fifteen hundred volumes in Ohio, and two Book Associations in Indiana and Illinois.

By adding the numbers of societies, etc., in the British Provinces, to those in the United States, there are, at present, the grand total of one General Convention, twelve State Conventions, fifty-five Associations, eight hundred and ninety-five societies, five hundred and fifty-six meeting-houses, and five hundred and forty-six preachers.

PERIODICALS.—_Gospel Banner and Christian Pilot_, Augusta, Me.; EASTERN ROSE-BUD, Portland, Me.; _Universalist and Family Visitor_, Contoocookville, N. H.; _Universalist Watchman_, Montpelier, Vt.; _Trumpet and Universalist Magazine_, Boston, Mass.; _Christian Freeman and Family Visitor_, Boston, Mass.; _Universalist and Ladies Repository_, Boston, Mass.; _Light of Zion, and Sabbath School Contributor_, Boston, Mass.; _Star and Palladium_, Lowell, Mass.; _Gospel Messenger_, Providence, R. I.; _Universalist_, Middletown, Ct.; _New York Christian Messenger_, New York city; _Universalist Union_, New York city; _Evangelical Magazine and Gospel Advocate_, Utica, N. Y.; _Western Luminary_, Rochester, N. Y.; _The Nazarene_, Philadelphia, Pa.; _Christian Warrior_, Richmond, Va.; _Southern Universalist_, Columbus, Ga.; _Star in the West_, Cincinnati, Ohio; _Christian Teacher_, Lafayette, Ind.; _Better Covenant_, Rockford, Ill.

MISSIONARY STATISTICS.

We have been much assisted in our missionary statistics by the kindness of the secretaries of the several Missionary Boards, and by permission of the proprietor, Mr. F. Rand, for the use of his valuable Missionary Chart, prepared with great care, in 1840, by the Reverend Messrs. Jefferson Hascall and Daniel Wise.

Those of the Congregationalists, Baptists, Methodists, and Episcopalians, are brought down to 1841, and are quite accurate; but the efforts of some of the other denominations in this great and glorious cause are not fully stated, as some of the items have not been reported.

First Protestant Missions.

The first Protestant mission on record was undertaken in 1559, by Michael, who was sent into Lapland by Gustavus Vasa, king of Sweden.

John Eliot commenced the first mission to the Indians at _Nonantum_, now Newton, Massachusetts, in 1646. This mission gave rise to a society in England for the propagation of the gospel in New England, and to the formation of several other missionary stations; so that, in 1696, there were thirty Indian churches in New England.

In 1705, Messrs. Ziegenbalg and Plutcho, under the auspices of Frederick IV., king of Denmark, commenced a mission at Tranquebar, in South Hindoostan, which was very successful. Its fruits continue to the present time.

In 1728, a mission was begun by Schultze, at Madras, under the patronage of the Christian Knowledge Society. In the following thirty-three years, fourteen hundred and seventy converts united with the church.

Moravian Missions.

The Moravians trace their origin to the ninth century, when the king of Moravia united with the Greek church.

WEST INDIAN MISSION.—The Moravians commenced their mission on the Island of St. Thomas in 1732. Its commencement was occasioned by a conversation between a negro, named Anthony, and some servants of Count Zinzendorf. The negro said he had a sister at St. Thomas, who was deeply anxious to be instructed about religion. This remark was repeated to one of “the _brethren_,” named Leonard Dober. He determined to visit St. Thomas, “even,” as he said, “if he were obliged to sell himself for a slave to effect his purpose.” Dober went; and though, for a time, little good was effected, yet, in 1736, the Lord poured out his spirit, and many of the slaves were awakened. There are now two stations on this island.

In 1734, they began their mission on the Island of St. Croix. It was soon abandoned, but was reëstablished in 1740. In 1754, missions were commenced on the Islands of St. Jan and Jamaica; in 1756, at Antigua; in 1765, at Barbadoes; in 1777, at St. Christopher’s; and at Tobago in 1790.