Act iv. sc. 4--
“Crowned with rank fumiter and furrow-weeds, With _hor-docks_, hemlock, nettles, cuckoo-flowers, Darnel, and _all the idle weeds that grow In our sustaining corn_”--
I cannot help being reminded of Fitzherbert’s list of weeds in sect. 20 (p. 29), in which he includes _haudoddes_, _i.e._ corn blue-bottles, as is obvious from his description; see also Britten and Holland’s English Plant-names. It is certainly remarkable that the _haudod_ is precisely one of “the idle weeds that grow in corn,” and that its bright colour would be particularly attractive to the gatherer of a wild garland. We must not, however, overlook the form _hardhake_, which Mr. Wright has found in a MS. herbal as a name for the knapweed; see his note upon the passage. The two results do not, however, greatly differ, and it is conceivable that the same name could be applied at different times to _both_ these flowers, the latter being _Centaurea nigra_, and the former _Centaurea Cyanus_. We also find the term _hardewes_, occurring as a name for the wild succory; see _Hawdod_ in the Glossarial Index, p. 156. In any case, the proposal of Dr. Prior to explain _hordock_ by the burdock (_Arctium lappa_), merely because he thinks the burs were sometimes entangled with flax, and so formed lumps in it called _hards_, is a wild guess that should be rejected. _Hards_ are simply the coarse parts of flax, without any reference to burdocks whatever.
The wood-cut on the title-page is copied from the edition of 1598. The longer handle of the plough is on the left. See the description on p. 128.
FOOTNOTES:
[1] “And [I give] to euery of my seruentes that be used to Ryde with me,” etc.; Sir A. Fitzherbert’s Will, quoted below at p. xviii.
[2] “Of late by experience I contriued, compyled, and made a Treatyse, ... and callyd it the booke of husbandrye;” Prol. to Book of Surveying.
[3] _I.e._ the Books on Husbandry and Surveying.
[4] Read _thus_.
[5] The date is 1539; the words here quoted appear also in Berthelet’s edition of 1546.
[6] I am quoting from an article by Mr. A. Wallis entitled “Relics of Literature,” which appeared in the _Derby Mercury_, Nov. 1869. It contains some useful information about the editions of Fitzherbert’s works. It should be observed that 1538 was the very year of Sir Anthony Fitzherbert’s death, which took place on May 27.
[7] In an edition printed by T. Petit in 1541, a copy of which is in the Cambridge University Library, the title is--“The Newe Booke of Justyces of Peas, made by Anthony Fitzherbard Judge, lately tra_n_slated out of Frenche into Englyshe, The yere of our Lord God MDXLI.”
[8] Canon Simmons kindly tells me--“I find from the Ordnance Map that Grimbald Bridge is the one over the Nidd below the town, _i.e._ a mile or a mile and a quarter from the town. There are two crossing to the town. The upper one is on the Harrogate Road, a second ‘Low Bridge,’ and then the third, ‘Grimbald bridge’.”
[9] It is the family tradition (which should go for something), that the author of the Book of Husbandry was Sir Anthony Fitzherbert, and no other.
[10] The date is, therefore, October 12, 1537.--W.W.S.
[11] See p. 81.--W.W.S.
[12] See p. 93.--W.W.S.
[13] This early edition, clearly the _second_, and using Pynson’s woodcut, was kindly pointed out to me by Mr. Bradshaw. It is not noticed in the usual books upon early printing, but a copy of it exists in the Cambridge University Library. The woodcut on the title-page is (as I have just said) the same as that on the title-page of the first edition.
[14] Probably printed in 1531, as it professes to be “amended, with dyuerse other thynges added thervnto;” for observe, that after this date, editions follow in quick succession.
[15] Mr. Wallis (see p. xiii, note 2) mentions also an undated edition, printed by _James Roberts_ for E. White.
[16] The volume also contains a translation of Xenophon’s Treatise of Household (Λόγος οἰκονομικός), written by “Gentian Heruet.”
[17] The colophon is the same. The Book on Surveying is dated 1539. The copy in the Cambridge Univ. Library contains the Husbandry (1534); Surveying (1539); and Xenophon (1537); all bound together.
[18] Possibly James Roberts; see p. xxiv, note 1.
ERRATA.
In the first side-note on p. 18, _for_ Beating _read_ Beeting. See _Beate_ in the Glossary, p. 150.
P. 120, sect. 169, l. 36. For _a ut_ read _aut_.
P. 136. Headline. For _Notes_ (=34.= 1-=43=) read _Notes_ (=34.= 1-43).
P. 140, last line. For _Hellebor_ read _Hellybor_.
THE BOKE OF HVSBANDRY.
==> The aucthors prologue.
[Sidenote: Man is born to labour.] _Sit ista questio._ This is the questyon, whervnto is euerye manne ordeyned? And as Job saythe, _Homo nascitur ad laborem, sicut auis ad volandum_: That is to saye, a man is ordeyned and borne to do labour, as 4 a bird is ordeyned to flye. And the Apostle saythe, _Qui non laborat, non manducet: Debet enim in obsequio dei laborare, qui de bonis eius vult manducare_: That is to saye, [Sidenote: He that laboureth not should not eat.] he that laboureth not, shulde not eate, and he ought to 8 labour and doo goddes warke, that wyll eate of his goodes or gyftes. The whiche is an harde texte after the lyterall sence. For by the letter, the kynge, the quene, nor all other lordes spirituall and temporal shuld not eate, without 12 they shuld labour, the whiche were vncomely, and not conuenyente for suche estates to labour. But who [Sidenote: The Book of the Chess] that redeth in the boke of the moralytes of the chesse, shal therby perceyue, that euerye man, from the hyest 16 [Sidenote: is divided into six degrees,] degree to the lowest, is set and ordeyned to haue labour and occupation; and that boke is deuyded in vi. degrees, that is to saye, the kynge, the quene, the byshops, the [Sidenote: viz. king, queen, bishops, knights, judges, and yeomen,] knightes, the iudges, and the yomenne. In the which 20 boke is shewed theyr degrees, theyr auctorytyes, theyr warkes, and theyr occupations, and what they ought to do. And they so doynge, and executynge theyr auctorytyes, warkes, and occupatyons, haue a wonders great 24 [Sidenote: concerning which it is too long to write.] study and labour, of the whiche auctorytyes, occupations, and warkes, were at this tyme to longe to wryte. Wherfore I remytte that boke as myn auctour therof: The whiche boke were necessary to be knowen of euery 28 degree, that they myghte doo and ordre them selfe accordynge [Sidenote: As the yeomen defend the rest, I shall speak of husbandry.] to the same. And in so moche the yomen in the sayde moralytyes and game of the chesse be set before to labour, defende, and maynteyne all the other 32 hyer estates, the whiche yomen represent the common people, as husbandes and labourers, therfore I purpose to speake fyrste of husbandrye.
Finis.
¶ The table.
PAGE
=1.= First wherby husbande-men do lyue. fo. i.[19] 9
=2.= Of dyuers maner of plowes. fol. eod. 9
=3.= To knowe the names of all the partes of the ploughe. fol. ii. 10
=4.= The temprynge of plowes. fo. iii. 12
=5.= ¶ The necessary thynges that belonge to a plowe, carte, or wayne. fol. iiii. 14
=6.= ¶ Whether is better, a plowe of oxen or a plowe of horses. fol. v. 15
=7.= ¶ The dylygence and the attendaunce that a husbande shulde gyue to his warke, in maner of an other prologue, and a specyall grounde of all this treatyse. fol. vi. 16
=8.= ¶ Howe a manne shulde plowe all maner of landes all tymes of the yere. fo. vii. 17
=9.= To plowe for pees and beanes. fol. viii. 18
=10.= Howe to sowe bothe pees and beanes. fol. viii. 18
=11.= Sede of Discrecyon. fol. ix. 20
=12.= Howe all maner of corne shulde be sowen. folio eodem 21
=13.= To sowe barley. fol. x. 22
=14.= To sowe otes. fol. xi. 23
=15.= To harowe all maner of cornes. fol. xii. 24
=16.= To falowe. fol. xiii. 25
=17.= To carry out donge or mucke, and to sprede it. fol. xiiii. 27
=18.= To set out the shepe-folde. fol. xv. 28
=19.= To cary wode and other necessaries. fol. xvi. 29
=20.= To knowe dyuers maner of wedes. fol. eod. 29
=21.= To wede corne. fol. xvii. 31
=22.= The fyrste sturrynge: and (=23=) to mowe grasse. foli. xviii. 32
=24.= How forkes and rakes shuld be made. fo. xix. 33
=25.= To tedde and make hey. fol. eod. 33
=26.= Howe rye shulde be shorne. fol. xx. 35
=27.= Howe to shere whete. fol. xxi. 35
=28.= To mowe or shere barley and otes. fol. eod. 36
=29.= To repe or mowe pees and beanes. fol. xxii. 36
=30.= Howe all maner of corne shoulde be tythed. folio eodem 37
=31.= Howe all maner of corne shoulde be couered. fol. xxiii. 38
=32.= To lode corne and mowe it. fol. eod. 38
=33.= The seconde sturrynge. fo. xxiiii. 39
=34.= To sowe whete and rye. fol. eodem 39
=35.= To thresshe and wynowe corne. fol. xxv. 41
=36.= To seuer beanes, pees, and fetches. fol. eod. 41
=37.= Of shepe, and what tyme of the yere the rammes shulde be put to the ewes. fol. xxvi. 42
=38.= To make a ewe to loue her lambe. fol. xxvii. 43
=39.= What tyme lambes shulde be wayned. fo. eod. 44
=40.= To drawe shepe and seuer them in dyuerse partes. fol. xxviii. 44
=41.= To belte shepe. fol. xxix. 45
=42.= To grece shepe. fol. eod. 46
=43.= To medle terre. fol. eodem 46
=44.= To make brome salue. fol. eod. 46
=45.= If a shepe haue mathes. fol. xxx. 47
=46.= Blyndenes of shepe and other dyseases, and remedyes therfore. fo. eod. 47
=47.= The worme in a shepes fote, and helpe therfore. fol. xxxi. 48
=48.= The bloudde, and remedye if he comme betyme. fol. eodem 48
=49.= The pockes, and remedy therfore. fol. eod. 49
=50.= The wode euyl, and remedy therfore. fol. xxxii. 49
=51.= To washe shepe. fol. eod. 49
=52.= To shere shepe. fol. eod. 50
=53.= To drawe and seuer the bad shepe frome the good. fol. eod. 50
=54.= What thynge rotteth shepe. fol. xxxiii. 50
=55.= To knowe a rotten shepe dyuerse maner ways, wherof some of them wyll not fayle. fol. xxxiiii. 51
=56.= To by leane cattell. fol. eod. 52
=57.= To bye fatte cattell. fol. xxxv. 53
=58.= Dyuerse sickenesses of cattell, and remedies therfore, and fyrste of murren. fol. eod. 53
=59.= Long sought, and remedy therfore. fo. xxxvi. 54
=60.= Dewbolue,[20] and the harde remedye therfore. fol. eod. 55
=61.= Ryson vppon, and the remedye therfore. fol. xxxvii. 55
=62.= The turne, and remedy therfore. fol. eod. 56
=63.= The warribred, & remedy therfore. fol. xxxviii. 56
=64.= The foule, and remedy therfore. fol. eod. 57
=65.= The goute without remedy. fol. eod. 57
=66.= To rere calues. fol. eod. 57
=67.= To gelde calues. fol. xxxix. 58
=68.= Horses and mares to drawe. fol. xl. 59
=69.= ¶ The losse of a lambe, a calfe, or a foole. fol. xli. 61
=70.= What cattell shulde go together in oone pasture. fol. xlii. 62
=71.= The properties of horses. fol. xliii. 63
=72.= The two propertyes that a horse hath of a man. fol. eod. 63
=73.= The ii. propertyes of a bauson. fol. eod. 64
=74.= The iiii. properties of a lyon. fol. eod. 64
=75.= The ix. properties of an oxe. fol. xliiii. 64
=76.= The ix. properties of an hare. fol. eod. 64
=77.= The ix. properties of a foxe. fol. eod. 64
=78.= The ix. properties of an asse. fol. eod. 65
=79.= The x. properties of a woman. fol. eod. 65
=80.= The diseases and soraunce of horses. fol. xlv. 65
=81.= The lampas. fol. eod. 65
=82.= The barbes. fo. eod. 66
=83.= Mournynge on the tonge. fol. eod. 66
=84.= Pursye. fo. eod. 66
=85.= Broken wynded. fol. eod. 66
=86.= Glaunders. fo. eod. 66
=87.= Mournynge on the chynne. fol. eod. 66
=88.= Stranguelyon. fol. eod. 67
=89.= The hawe. fol. eod. 67
=90.= Blyndnesse. fol. xlvi. 67
=91.= Uyues. fol. eod. 67
=92.= The cordes. fol. eod. 67
=93.= ¶ The farcyon. fol. eod. 67
=94.= ¶ A malander. fol. eod. 68
=95.= ¶ A salander. fol. eod. 68
=96.= ¶ A serewe. fol. eod. 68
=97.= ¶ A splent. fo. eod. 68
=98.= ¶ A ryngebone. fol. xlvii. 69
=99.= ¶ Wyndgall. fol. eod. 69
=100.= ¶ Morfounde. fol. eod. 69
=101.= ¶ The coltes euyll. fol. eod. 69
=102.= ¶ The bottes. fo. eod. 70
=103.= ¶ The wormes. fol. eod. 70
=104.= ¶ Affrayd. fo. eod. 70
=105.= ¶ Nauylgall. fo. eod. 70
=106.= ¶ A spauen. fol. eod. 70
=107.= ¶ A curbe. fol. eod. 71
=108.= ¶ The strynge-halte. fol. eod. 71
=109.= ¶ Enterfyre. fo. eod. 71
=110.= ¶ Myllettes. fol. eod. 71
=111.= ¶ The paynes. fol. eod. 71
=112.= ¶ Cratches. fol. eod. 72
=113.= ¶ Attaynt. fol. xlix. 72
=114.= ¶ Grauelynge. fol. eod. 72
=115.= ¶ Acloyd. fol. eod. 72
=116.= ¶ The scabbe. fol. eod. 72
=117.= ¶ Lowsy. fol. eod. 72
=118.= ¶ Wartes. fol. eod. 73
=119.= ¶ The sayenge of the frenche man. fo. eod. 73
=120.= ¶ The dyuersitie bytwene a horse mayster, a corser, and a horse leche. fol. l. 74
=121.= ¶ Of swyne. fo. eod. 74
=122.= ¶ Of bees. fol. li. 75
=123.= ¶ How to kepe beastes & other catel. fol. lii. 76
=124.= ¶ To get settes and set them. fol. liii. 78
=125.= ¶ To make a dyche. fol. liiii. 79
=126.= ¶ To make a hedge. fol. eod. 79
=127.= ¶ To plasshe and pleche a hedge. fol. eod. 80
=128.= ¶ To mende a hye waye. fo. lv. 81
=129.= ¶ To remoue and sette trees. fo. lvi. 82
=130.= ¶ Trees to be sette without rootes and growe. fol. lvii. 83
=131.= ¶ To fell woode for houssholde or to sell. fol. eodem. 83
=132.= ¶ To shrede, lop, or crop trees. fol. lviii. 84
=133.= Howe a man shoulde shrede loppe or croppe trees. fol. eod. 85
=134.= To sell woode or tymbre. fol. lix. 85
=135.= To kepe sprynge woode. fo. lx. 86
=136.= Necessary thynges belongynge to graffynge. fol. eod. 87
=137.= What fruyte shulde be first graffed. fol. lxi. 88
=138.= Howe to graffe. fol. eod. 88
=139.= To graffe bytwene the barke and the tree. fol. lxii. 89
=140.= To nourysshe all maner of stone fruyte and nuttes. fol. lxiii. 90
=141.= A shorte information for a yonge gentyllman that entendeth to thryue. fol. eod. 90
=142.= A lesson made in Englysshe verses, that a gentylmans seruaunte shall forget none of his gere in his inne behynde hym. fo. lxv. 93
=143.= A prologe for the wyues occupation. fo. eod. 93
=144.= A lesson for the wyfe. fol. eod. 94
=145.= What thynges the wyfe of ryghte is bounde to do. fol. lxvi. 94
=146.= What warkes the wyfe oughte to doo generally. fo. eod. 95
=147.= To kepe measure in spendynge. fo. lxvii. 98
=148.= To eate within thy tedure. fo. lxviii. 99
=149.= A shorte lesson vnto the husbande. fol. lxix. 101
=150.= Howe menne of hye degree do kepe measure. fol. eodem 101
=151.= Prodygalytie in outragyous and costelye araye. fol. lxx. 102
=152.= Of delycyous meates and drynkes. fol. eod. 103
=153.= Of outragious playe and game. fo. lxxi. 104
=154.= A prologue of the thyrde sayinge of the philosopher. fo.