Part 14

Also I rede of a noble example in Titus Livius the .5. booke of the seconde decade of Punica bella, that whan the noble Romains, in the tyme of werris long continued ayen theire adversaries of Aufrik, what by tasques, tailes, and imposicions had for the defens of theire countree habandonned and yoven largelie of theire goodis meveable, that the saide Romains had no more in substaunce to lyve by except theire londes. And it fille soo that the countree of Cisiliens and Champenois hadde doo purvoie for a gret armee and an oost of peple, as well of men for to defende and kepe the see as the lond. And so the comons of Rome had borne so many gret chargis before that they might no more, but if the lordis senatours and counceilours of Rome wolde put too theire hande. And in so moche that the comons of Rome complained and grugged in open market places {84} ayenst the saide gret astatis and governours of Rome, seieng but they wolde sille theire bodies and goodis of the comons, they might pay no more tasque ne taile, the saide governours of Rome, to appaise the peple, saiden they wolde counceile togither and advise a day to purvey for the comon wele, and seiden in conclusion that, were[185] it righte or wrong, we senatours, astatis, and governours must put out largelie of oure goodis, and so yeve example to the comons for the defens of the contree of Cesille and keping of the lande and see frome ennemies. And one Lenius, a noble senatoure, pronounced and saide that, forasmoche the senatours have power of goode and rule of the cite in preferraunce of worship and dignite, in like wise it is reason that they here a charge to defende the comons and yeve example to doo as thow woldist comaunde hem to doo; therfore late us, in yevyng the comons example, to morne yn opyn market place before hem, bring forthe the gret part of the golde and silver of coyne and print money that every of us senatours and statis haven, so that none of us reserve and kepe to his propre use but ringis and nouches for to worship his wiffe and children withalle; so that every officer shulde have noo more silver vesselle but for a chapelle and a cupbourde; and every senatoure to kepe but a pounde of coyned silver; and every weddid man havyng wiffe and children to kepe for every of hem an ounce of silver or suche a litille weight; and every citesyn of havyour and degre to reserve only but .v^{mil}. pens of brasse money, and soo that alle othir golde, silver, and brasse money coyned to be brought to the tresorers of the citee. And aftre than the comons of Rome, havyng consideracion that the senatours and governours of Rome of here owne fre voulente haboundonned and put out so habundantlie and largelie of her golde and tresour for the comon wele, to the defense and keping of the see withe shippis and maryneris, to the defense and rebutting of her adversaries, that every of the comons of Rome, after her power and havyoure, of gret courage brought frelie of gold, silver, and othir coyne money to the {85} tresorers and chaungers that were comytted to receyve the money, the prese was so grete that they had no tyme to write the names of the noble citesins, ne forto nombre and telle the quantite and porcion of everie manis part that they broughte; and by this accord and moien the comon profit was soo augmentid that the knightis and men of werre had suffisaunt and more than nedid to defende and kepe the countre of Cecilians and Champenois, and also to be maistris of the see; and alle thingis and ordenaunces that longid to werre was purveied for and put forthe in onure and worke, that alle the senatours counceilours had no nede to tarie lenger for counseiling, but every of hem wente forthe into her countre to dispose for hemsilfe; and in so gret discomfort stode never the Romayns as they did in this urgent necessitee, and was by this moien of largesse repared and brought ayen to worship, prosperite, and welfare. And wolde the mightifulle God that every harde covetouse hert were of suche largesse and distributif of here meveable good and tresoure to the comon wele, as for defending us frome oure adversaries, and keping the see aswelle as the londe, that we may alway be lordis and maistris thereof, as noble governours were before this tyme.

Here endyth thys Epistle, undre correccion, the .xv. day of June, the yeere of Crist .M^liiij^clxxv., and of the noble Reyne of kyng Edward the .iiij^{the}. the .xv^{ne}.

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{87}

GENERAL INDEX.

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Acre, 11 Actovylle, Raulyn, 8 Africa, 11, 83 Agamemnon, 20, 63 Agincourt, battle of, 16, 28, 32, 45 Ajax, 63, 64 Alencon, duke of 12; taken prisoner 18; his redemption 19 Alexander, king, 7 Anjou, the title of, 23 Appius, 60 Appulton, John, his letter to sir John Fastolfe, lvi Arms (to do) in lists to the utterance, or to certain points, 77 Armonac, earl of, 8, 28, 37 Arras, treaty of, xlix Arthur, king, 2, 9 ---- of Breteyn, 40 Astrology depreciated, viii, 50 Authors quoted:-- de Auriga, Alanus, his Quadrilogus, 25, 27, 33; Preface iii, vi, vii, ix Austyn, of the City of God, 57; ---- of Free will, 50; Bartholomeus, de Proprietatibus Rerum, 2; Basset, Peter, liii; Boetius de Consolatione, 3, 21, 50, 52; Cato, 25, 62, 69; Chartier, see Auriga Cicero, of Divination, 50; ---- _see_ Tullius; Cristina, Arbre de Batailes, 6 _bis_, 27, 30, 31, 54 (her biography _ib._); de Diceto, Radulphus, Ymago historiarum, 23; Dudley's Tree of Commonwealth, vii; Froissart, 40; Gildas, 51; Governance of Princes,liv; Jeremye the prophet, 79; Jerome, saint, 76; Job, 6, 52, 58; Josephus, liber antiquitatum, 51; Kayus son, ii, 1; Livius (Titus, 26, 51, 53, 83; Machabeus, 42; Malexander, Walter, 22, 26; Nennius, 62; Novius Marcellus, 57; Orosius de Ormesta Mundi, 51; Ovid, 26, 33; Paralipomenon, 56; Philip, the Acts of King, (the Philippiados), 13; Pliny the younger, ii; du Premier-Faict, Laurence, li; Ptolomy, Centilogie, 51; _de Regimine Principum_, liv; Socrates, 69; Tree of Batailes, iii, liv; Tullius, 25, 57 _ter_, 58 _bis_, 59, 60, 62, 70; Vegetius, his book of Chivalry (_de Arte Militari_), 21, 29, 55; Preface, p. vi.; Wallensis, Commune loquium, 57; Worcestre, William of, l, 1 Averaunces, 28 {88} Baldwin archbishop of Canterbury, 10 Basset, Peter, an historical writer, liii Bastille of St. Anthoine, victualling of, xi, lx, 68 Beauchamp, sir William, 15 Bedford, John duke of, 15, 17; wins the battle of Vernelle 18; and conquers the county of Maine 19; other victories 28; statutes of 31; eulogy on 44; defended Paris 47; his payment of wages 72 Benevolence, a voluntary taxation, xvii, xxi Bituitus, king, 27 Boecius, 52 BOKE OF NOBLESSE, its scope and intention, i; probable date of its composition, _ib._; abstract of its contents, i-xvii; the question of its authorship, l; other books of the same character, liv; the MS. described, lv Bonnet, Honore, iv Bordeaux, 42 Bougee, battle of, 17, 44 Bourbon, the bastard of, xxxi, xxxvii, xxxviii, 28 ---- the cardinal of, xxxi, xxxvii, xxxix Brennus, 10 Bretagne, Charles duke of, 13 ---- Giles son of the duke of, ii, 5 ---- the duke of, protected by king Edward, xl, xli Bretailles, Louis de, xlii Bretigny, peace of, 37, 40, 49 Buchan, earl of, 17 Burgoyne, duke of, 7, 8 ---- marshal of, 17 Burgundy, Charles duke of, i; his designation of _le Hardi_, x; brother-in-law both to king Louis and king Edward, xxviii; interviews with king Edward, xxiv, xxix, xxxiii; character of, xxv; suspected by the English, xxx, xlvi; his truce with France, xlvii ---- John duke of, his murder, xxxviii ---- Margaret duchess of, xxiii Caen, won by assault, 12, 36; rescue of, 28; parliament at, 31 Calais, siege of, 13, 36, 45 Camillus, 53 Canute (Knowt), 2 Carew, the baron of, 15 Carthage, wars of the Romans with, 26, 61, 65 Cato, 61 Caulx, Pais de, the destruction of, lvi Caxton, works of:-- Book of the ordre of Chevalrye or Knyghthode, liv; Fayttes of Armes and of Chyvallrye, vi; Curial, vii; Tully on Old Age, li; Dicts and Sayings of the Philosophers, xliii Cerdic, 2 Champenois, 83 Chandos, Sir John, 15, 37, 46 Charles V. of France, purchased fortresses from the English, xxxii; mentioned, 33, 37 Charles VII. his re-conquest of Normandy ii, iii; his secretary Alain Chartier vii; mentioned 3, 25 Charles le bien ame, 25 Charles le simple, 39 Charles the sage, 40 Chartier; _see_ Authors Chester, Randolfe earl of, 10 Cheyne, sir John, xxxii, xxxiii, xliii Childermas day, xxxv Chirburgh, 12 Chivalry, synonymous with Noblesse, xv Christine, dame; _see_ Passy _and_ Pisan Church, oppressed in Normandy, xiii, 74 Citizens, their contributions to the war, xxi; their experience in the campaign, xlv Clarence, George duke of, his retinue and their pay, xx, xxiii, xxxii, xxxviii Clarence, Thomas duke of, 18; eulogy on, 44 Clekyn, sir Barthilmew, 15 Cleret, Pierre, xxxiii Clergy oppressed in Normandy, xiii, 74; {89} Clothing, cost and pomp in, 79 Commines, Philippe de, the historian, xvii, xxv; employed by king Louis, xxviii, xxx, xxxvi; dressed like his master, xxxvii; characteras an historian, xli Commons, or people, termed "bestial", 77, 78 Conquerors, duties of, 21 Cornwall, language of, 2 Countour, a commissioner of taxes, xv Courtenay, sir Hugh, 15 ---- sir Philip, _ib._ Cravant, battle of, 17, 18, 28, 44 Cressy, battle of, 12, 36 Cyprus, king of, 10 Cyrus, his gardens at Sardis, 69

Damascus, 10 David king of Scots, 13 Derby, earl of, 13 Dieppe, 5 Dorset, Edmond earl of, 28 ---- Thomas earl of, 15 Douglas, earl of, 18 Dove, the omen of the, xxiv, xlii Dress; _see_ Clothing Dudley, Edmonde, his "Tree of Common Wealth", vii Dudley, William, xxxi, xxxii Durham ("Deram upon the marchis of Scotland"), 13 Dynham, John lord, xxii

Education, military, 76 Edmond Ironside, 10 Edward the First, 11 Edward the Third, 3, 12, 14, 33, 77; he made great alliances, 40 Edward prince of Wales, 4, 13, 14; received homage as duke of Guienne, 37, 43 Edward the Fourth, his prosperous state in his second reign, i; prepares to invade France xvii; salutes the generous widow xxi; lands at Calais xxvi; interviews with the duke of Burgundy xxiv, xxix; with king Louis xxxvi; character of xxv, xli, xlv; his personal appearance xxxviii; ruin of his political schemes and death xlviii Elkyngton, John, xxxii English, their character as soldiers xxvi; beat a double or treble number of Frenchmen, 28 Ennius, 61, 62 Eu, earl of, 12 Exeter, Thomas duke of 28, 68; captain of Paris, xi, xii

Fabius, 59, 60, 62 Fabricius, 55, 60 Faliste, 53 Fastolfe, sir John, "myne autor", i; anecdotes and sayings of, v, x, xi, xiv; his books of accompt, xi; captain of the bastille of St. Anthoine, _ib._; his connection with "The Boke of Noblesse", l; his services in France, li; mentioned, 15, 16, 19, 28 _ter_, 31, 64, 68 Fauconberg, lord, 28; taken prisoner, iii, 5 Felton, sir Thomas, 15 Ferranus king of Spain, 10 Fizar, battle, 46 Florence, 53 Formigny, the battle of, viii, 42 Fougeres, the capture of, iii, 5 France, oppression of the English subjects in, vii; its sufferings from quartering soldiers, xii; narrative of the invasion of in 1475, xvii-xliv; difficulties of an English invasion of, xxvii; costly dress put away in, 80 Franklin, character of, xv Frenchmen, if double or treble in number, beaten by Englishmen, 28 Fulke earl of Anjou, 10, 23

Garnett, Richard, xxi Garter, the order of the, 46; {90} Gascony, the title of, 24 Geoffrey Plantagenet, 2, 23, 52 Gloucester, Humphrey duke of, eulogy on, 45 ---- Richard duke of, his retinue and their pay, xx, xxiii, xxxii; affects to lead the English chivalry, xli ---- Robert Clare, earl of, 10 Gourney, Mathew, lix, 15 Grey, Thomas, his retainer as the king's custrel, xx Guienne, duchy of, treaties respecting, 34 Guisnes, castle of, xxiii

the Hagge, 12 Hannibal, 50, 59, 67 Hardy man, definition of, x Harflete, siege of, 15 Harington, sir Richard, 28 Hastings, Hugh lord, 15 ---- sir Ralph, 15 ---- William lord, accepts pensions both from Burgundy and France, xxxiii, xxxviii Hay, sir Gilbert, liv Hector, 20 Henry the First, 10 Henry the Second, 24 Henry the Fifth, 4; how he conquered Normandy and France, 15; his marriage, 17; wins the battle of Agincourt, 28, 32; "that victorious prince", 39, 41; praise of him and his brethren, 43; his historians, liii Henry VI. his coronation at Paris, 19; "the innocent prince", 39 Hercules, 21 Homeldon hill, battle of, 18 Howard, lord, xxiii, xxviii, xxx, xxxvi; left as hostage with the French, xxxii, xli, xliii, xlvi Hubert bishop of Salisbury, 10 Huntingdon, John earl of, 16

Jerusalem, 52 Joachym king of Juda, 79 John, king, 33 John king of France taken prisoner and brought to England, 13, 14, 36, 75 Judas Machabeus, 42

Kedecause, journey of, 28 Kent, Edmond earl of, 35, 36 Knollys, sir Robert, 15 Knowt (Canute), 2 Kyriell, sir Thomas viii, 42

Lancaster, Henry duke of, 43; "a chief auctour and foundour in law of armes," 77 Law, the practice of, not worthy of those born to arms, xv, 77; choice of officers of, 78 Lelius, 61, 62 Lenius, 84 Library of sir John Paston, lix; of Humphrey duke of Gloucester, 45 Lion, the emblem of knightly valour, and particularly of the royal house of England, ii; men of war should resemble, 4, 22, 46, 47, 48 L'Isle Adam, Jean de Villiers seigneur de, biogr. note on, xi; 8, 68 Loans, xvi. 80 Lombards, 32 Louis, Saint, counsel to his son, v. 8, 11, 42, 81 Louis XI. abetted the Earl of Warwick, xvii; character, xxv; his reception of King Edward's defiance, xxvii; kept no herald, xxx; his "disguised apparel", xxxvii; his timidity, xliii; anecdotes of xli _et seq._ Lucius Brutus, 71 Lucius Paulus, 60, 67 Lucius Valerius, 52 Lumley, John lord, lv Lysander, 69

Maine, county of, the conquest of, 19, 45; the title of, 23, 32; revenues of 68 {91} Manly man, distinguished from the (fool-)hardy man, 65 Mansel, an esquire, iii, 5 March, earl of, 15, 28, 45 Marcus Actilius, 65 Marcus Marcellus, 67 Margaret of Austria, her matrimonial alliances, xlviii Maude, the empress, 23, 52 Montgomery, sir N., 19 Morhier, sir Simon, iii, 5 Morton, doctor, xxv, xxxi, xxxii Montreuil (Motreaw), 8 Mountgomery, sir Thomas, xxiii, xxv, xxxii, xxxiii, xlvi

Narbonne, the vicomte de, xlvi Nazar, battle of, 14 Nestor, 63, 64 Neuss, the siege of, xxv Neville, lord, 15 Noblesse, identical with Chivalry, xv; and with Honour, liv.; _See_ BOKE OF NOBLESSE Normandy, the title of, 22; arms of, 23; the wretched state of, 72; the clergy oppressed, 74; its re-conquest by the French, ii, iii, viii

Oldhall, sir William, 19 Orleans; bastard of, 28 ---- duke of, 7, 8 ---- siege of, 28

Paris, 7, 8, 19; siege of, 47; rebellion in, 68; bastille of St. Anthony, xi, lx, 68; in the hands of the English, xi Parliament, the English, as described by Commines, xvii Passy, dame Christine of, iv; biographical note upon, 54 Paston, sir John, his library, lix Peace, the treaty of, in 1475, xxxviii Philip, king of France, 8 Philip Dieu-donne, 10, 33, 34, 40 Philip of Valois, 12 Picquigny, the royal interview at, xxxvi de Pisan, Christine, vi Plantagenet, 2, 23, 52 Poitiers, battle of, 13, 75 Pompeus, 75 Pont l'Arche, the capture of iii, 5 Popham, sir John, 19 Poynings, lord, 28 Prophecies, the English always provided with, xxxix, 50 Publius Decius, 64 Pyrrhus, 55, 60

Radcliff, sir John, 48 Rais, lord, 15 Rempston, sir Thomas, 28 Respublica, 68 Richard emperor of Almaine, 11 Richard the First, 10 Riviers, Anthony earl of, his embassies to the duke of Burgundy, xxv; his connections with royalty, xxvi. _See_ Scales Robert, king of Jerusalem, 10 Rochedaryon, 13 Rollo, duke of Normandy, 39 Romans, their wars with Carthage, 26; the largess of, to make an army to Africa, 83 Rome, 52 Rotherham, archbishop, xxxiii, xxxviii, xxxix Rouen, 5 Roveraye, battle of, 28, 44 Runcyvale, 15

St. Cloud, battle of, 8 St. Leger, sir Thomas, xxxi, xxxiii, xxxvi St. Pol, Louis de Luxembourg comte de, brother-in-law to king Louis, and uncle to queen Elizabeth Wydville, xxviii; his temporising and treacherous conduct, xxix; circumstances of his ruin, xxxiv, xl, xliv Salisbury, Thomas earl of, 17, 19, 28 {92} Scales, lord, 19; _see_ Riviers Sciences, the, vii, 45 Scipio, 61, 62 Scipio Africanus and Scipio Asianus, 66 Scluse, battle of, 12, 36 Senlys, 47 Sensuality, evils of, 22, 33, 52 Sessions, 77, 78 Shire-days, holding of, xv, 77, 78 Shrewsbury, 18 Shrewsbury, earl of, 28 _bis_ Sicily, 83 Smert, John, Garter king of arms, xxvii Soldiers, on the just payment of, 71 Somerset, Edmond duke of, 28 ---- John duke of, 28 Stanley, lord, xxiii, xxviii, xxx, xxxi Suffolk, William earl of, 17, 28, 45 Surie (Syria), 10, 11

Tancarville, earl of, 12 Thames, the flood of, 82 Tours, 5, 25; truce of, ii "Tree of Batailes," a popular work, iii; its author, editions, and manuscripts, iv; quoted, vii Troy, 2, 20, 43, 64 Truces with France, the history of, 34; truce of Tours, ii Tryvet, sir John, 15 Tunis, 11 Tunstall, sir Richard, xx, xxiii, xxxii

Ulixes, 21 d'Urfe, seigneur, xxxiii

Valerius Corvinus, 70 Vernelle, battle of, 18, 19, 28, 32 _bis_, 44 Virtues, the iiij principalle cardinall, 7

Wales, language of, 2 Warwick, Thomas earl of, 37 William the Conqueror, 2, 10, 22 Willoughby, Robert lord, 17, 28 Winchester, bailiffs of, their letter (to sir John Fastolfe), lvii Worcestre, William of, the secretary of sir John Fastolfe, l; his supposed _Acta d'ni Joh. Fastolff_, lii Wyer, Robert, liv

York, Richard duke of, 41.

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{93}

GLOSSARIAL INDEX.

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admonestementis 79 afferaunt 43 aiel 35 amercie 78 approwementis 65 assailours 9 astonyed 2 atwix (betwixt) 48 avaunt 75 aventure 33 aveyn 69

baleese 54 barnage (baronage) 55 batellous 63 be (by) 9 beforce (by force) 31 beforne 70 benecute 70 benevolence xvii, xxi, xxii bestialle 77, 78 bethout (without) 7 _et passim_ bethyn (within) 3 _et passim_ bobauncees 80 bonchief 21

chevalrie 66, 76, 83 clepid 27, 31, 40, 55 congie 30 convenable 74, 75 costius, costues (costly) 80 cote-armer 18 cotes of armes 20 countour xv covyn 54 croiserie 10, 11 custrell xx

defalke 31, 72 defend (drive away) 9 deliver (agile) 76 deliver (to fulfil a challenge in arms) 77 depart (part with) 81, 83 side note detrussed 65, _detrousse_, unbound devoire 9, 56 dissimiled (dissembled) 30, dissimuled 41 dissimulacion 40 dulled 2

egallie (equally) 21 embrace (to take part, or patronise) xv, 77 empeshement 35 enfamyned 13 entendement 20 entreprennour 64 entreprinses _and_ entreprises, 6, 21, 29 ering 70 at erst 6 escarmisshes 13 esy (little _or_ scarcely) 72, esilie (scarcely), 73 ewred 43

fauten 60 feernesse (_for_ feersnesse?) 4, 20 fellir (more fell) 64 fille (fell) 21, 23, 27, 73, 83 finaunce 9, 14, 19, 29, 33, 65 fole-hardiesse 63, _see_ hardy fraunchise 81 {94} fructufulle 56

grene age 76

hardiesse 29 hardy (or fool-hardy) man, 65 haunting arms 3, 6, 22, 77 havyour 84 herbers (of soote smyllis of flowris and herbis of divers colours) 70 hethynesse 46 historier 25, 43 hostied 13 hubes 68

infortune 42, 50 inure 62

joieuest (most joyful) 70 jorney (military expedition) 47 jupardie 65, 70, 77

labourage 65, 69, 70 lifelode 32, 49, 32, 73, 80 lust (_verb_) 82 lyes (leash) 16

manassed 73 manly man 65 mantelle 20 masty hound 16 meintenaunce 78 menage 69 messangiers 45 moien 85 mondeyn 70 mow (shall mow endure) 69 muys 50

namelie (especially) 82, 83 noblesse xv. liv nompower 30 nouches 84 noy 82

obeisaunce _and_ obediaunce 17, 30, 59 obeissauntes 30, 47 onure, 85 oost (host) 27, 28, 31, 32, 64, 71 osteyng 11 ovyr hand 65

paast, 6 paissauntes (peasants) 72, 73 patised 73 payneymys 10 paynym 75 peine hem (take pains) 31 perveaunce 40 piller (thief) 31, 72 plenerlie 37 practik (singler) 77, 78 practique of law 77 print money, 84 puissaunt 20, 23, 26, 41, 43, 46, 61 purveonds 68 puttithe away (_plur._) 79

quaiers (of books) lix, 79

raise 40. Chaucer says of his Knight, In Lettowe had he _reysed_ and in Russe. ravyne 72, 73 recordacion 3 renomme 32 revaled 3, 9, 11, 74 rightwisnesse 56 rothir or sterne 58

servage 71 sille (sell) 84 sleuth (sloth) 6 soude 33, 72; soulde 29, 40 soudeours 16, 68, 71; sowdieris 30 soudeyng 29; souding, 83 souneth (threaten) 48 synguler (personal) 7, 29, 55

{95} tailis 73, 83, 84 take in gree 79 tasques 73, 83, 84 terrein 69 tilieng (tilling) 70 tofore (before) 60 to morne (tomorrow) 84 trespasseinte 11 trespassement 41, 43

umbre 3, 4, 25, 33, 41

viellars 64 vileyned 74 voulente 84 vyfnes 4

wanhope 74 well (easy), "it is well to undrestonde" 82 werreied (made war) 10 wited (considered) 55

yen (eyen _or_ eyes) 66 yoven (given) 81

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NOTES

[1] Giles brother to Francis I. duke of Bretagne. Having differences with his brother respecting his apanage, he was with the duke's consent arrested by king Charles VII.; and, perhaps in consequence of the English taking his part, he was put to death in the year 1450. His fate was commemorated in the "Histoire lamentable de Gilles seigneur de Chateaubriand et de Chantoce, prince du sang de France et de Bretagne, estrangle en prison par les ministres d'un favory." See Daru's Histoire de Bretagne, 1826, vol. ii. pp. 287 et seq.

[2] Sir Simon Morhier is one of the commissioners named for concluding a treaty with "our adversary of France," dated 28 July 1438. (Rymer, x. 709.) Monstrelet relates that at the battle of Rouvray, commonly called the battle of the Herrings, which took place during the siege of Orleans in 1428, the only man of note slain on the English side was one named Bresanteau, nephew to Simon Morhier provost of Paris.

[3] I do not find the name of this esquire in the memoirs of the Mansel family, privately printed in 1850, by William W. Mansell, esq. There were Mansels in Bretagne as well as in England.