Chapter 6

THE QUEEN'S GAMBIT.

GAME THE FIRST.

WHITE. BLACK. 1. P. to Q's 4th. 1. P. to Q's 4th. 2. P. to Q. B's 4th. 2. P. takes P.

These moves form the Queen's Gambit.

3. P. to K's 3d. 3. P. to K's 4th. 4. K. B. takes P. 4. P. takes Q. P. 5. P. takes P. 5. K. Kt. to B's 3d. 6. Q. Kt. to B's 3d. 6. K. B. to Q's 3d. 7. K. Kt. to B's 3d. 7. Q. Kt. to B's 3d. 8. Castles. 8. Castles. 9. P. to K. R's 3d. 9. P. to K. R's 3d. The game is equal; but your P. is well placed, and you have still the move.

VARIATION,

_Beginning at Black's 3d move._

WHITE. BLACK. 1. P. to Q's 4th. 1. P. to Q's 4th. 2. P. to Q. B's 4th. 2. P. takes P. 3. P. to K's 3d. 3. P. to Q. B's 4th. 4. B. takes P. 4. P. takes Q. P. 5. P. takes P. 5. Q. Kt. to B's 3d. 6. K. Kt. to K's 2d. 6. P. to K's 4th. 7. Q. B. to K's 3d. 7. P. takes P. 8. Kt. takes P. 8. Kt. takes Kt. 9. B. takes Kt. 9. Q. to K's 2d. (ch.) 10. K. B. to K's 2d. 10. Q. to her Kt's 5th. (ch.) 11. Q. to her 2d. 11. Q. takes Q. (ch.) 12. Kt. takes Q. 12. Kt. to K's 2d. You have the superiority.

GAME THE SECOND.

WHITE. BLACK. 1. P. to Q's 4th. 1. P. to Q's 4th. 2. P. to Q. B's 4th. 2. P. takes P. 3. P. to K's 4th. 3. P. to K's 4th. 4. P. to Q's 5th. 4. P. to K. B's 4th. 5. K. B. takes P. 5. K. Kt. to B's 3d. 6. K. Kt. to B's 3d. 6. K. B. to Q's 3d. 7. P. takes P. 7. Q. B. takes P. 8. Castles. 8. Castles. 9. Q. Kt. to B's 3d. 9. Q. Kt. to Q's 2d. The positions are pretty equal, but you have still an advantage in the move.

GAME THE THIRD.

Before proceeding to the consideration of games wherein Black refuses the gambit, it may be well to give a brief example of a different mode of carrying on the opening in the regular gambit which is at your command, and often adopted.

WHITE. BLACK. 1. P. to Q's 4th. 1. P. to Q's 4th. 2. P. to Q. B's 4th. 2. P. takes P. 3. Q. Kt. to B's 3d. 3. K. Kt. to B's 3d. 4. P. to K's 3d. 4. P. to K's 4th. 5. K. B. takes P. 5. P. takes P. 6. P. takes P. 6. K. B. to Q's 3d. The game may be called even.

VARIATION,

_Beginning at Black's 3d move._

WHITE. BLACK. 1. P to Q's 4th. 1. P. to K's 4th. 2. P. to Q. B's 4th. 2. P. takes P. 3. Q. Kt. to B's 3d. 3. P. to Q. B's 4th. 4. P. to Q's 5th. 4. P. to K's 3d. 5. P. to K's 4th. 5. P. takes P. 6. P. takes P. 6. K. B. to Q's 3d 7. K. B. takes P. 7. K. Kt. to K's 2d. Equal game.

GAME THE FOURTH.

THE SCHWARTZ DEFENCE.

WHITE. BLACK. 1. P. to Q's 4th. 1. P. to Q's 4th. 2. P. to Q. B's 4th. 2. P. takes P. 3. P. to K's 4th. 3. P. to K. B's 4th. 4. P. to K's 5th. 4. Q. B. to K's 3d. 5. Q. Kt. to R's 3d. 5. Q. Kt. to B's 3d. 6. Q. B. to K's 3d. 6. Q. Kt. to R's 4th. 7. Q. to Q. R's 4th. (ch.) 7. P. to Q. B's 3d. 8. B. to Q's 2d. 8. Q. takes Q. P. 9. Q. takes Kt. 9. Q. takes Q. Kt. P. 10. Q. B. to his 3d. 10. Q. to her Kt's 3d. 11. Q. takes Q. 11. P. takes Q. 12. Q. Kt. takes P. 12. P. to Q. Kt's 4th. 13. Q. Kt. to K's 3d. 13. P. to K. B's 5th. 14. Q. Kt. to Q. B's 2d. 14. R. takes P. 15. K. B. to Q's 3d. 15. R. takes R. (ch.) 16. B. takes R. You have much the better game.

THE GAMBIT REFUSED.

This opening is frequently adopted by the best players. The following games show the conduct of offence and defence by celebrated masters:

Between H. N. Pillsbury and Carl Schlechter.

{PGN 69}

WHITE. (Mr. P.) BLACK. (Mr. S.) 1. P. to Q's 4th. 1. P. to Q's 4th. 2. P. to Q. B's 4th. 2. P. to K's 3d. 3. Q. Kt. to B's 3d. 3. K. Kt. to B's 3d. 4. B. to Kt's 5th. 4. B. to K's 2d. 5. Kt. to B's 3d. 5. Q. Kt. to Q's 2d. 6. P. to K's 3d. 6. P. to Q. Kt's 3d. 7. R. to B's sq.[A] 7. B. to Kt's 2d. 8. P. takes P. 8. P. takes P. 9. B. to Q's 3d. 9. Castles. 10. Castles. 10. P. to B's 4th. 11. B. to Q. Kt's sq.[B] 11. Kt. to K's 5th.[C] 12. B. to B's 4th. 12. Kt. takes Kt. 13. R. takes Kt. 13. P. to B's 5th. 14. Kt. to K's 5th. 14. P. to B's 4th.[D] 15. K. to R's sq. 15. Kt. takes Kt. 16. B. takes Kt. 16. B. to Q's 3d. 17. P. to B's 4th. 17. B. to B's sq.[E] 18. Q. to R's 5th. 18. P. to Q. R's 3d. 19. R. to K. B's 3d. 19. R. to R's 2d. 20. R. to K. R's 3d. 20. P. to Kt's 3d. 21. Q. to R's 6th. 21. B. takes B. 22. B. P. takes B. 22. R. to K. Kt's 2d. 23. R. to K. B's 3d. 23. P. to Q. Kt's 4th. 24. R. to Q. B's sq. 24. Q. to K's 2d.[F] 25. Q. R. to K. B's sq. 25. R. (B. sq.) to B's 2d. 26. P. to K. R's 4th. 26. B. to K's 3d. 27. P. to K. Kt's 4th.[G] 27. Q. to Q's 2d.[H] 28. P. takes P. 28. P. takes P. 29. Q. to R's 5th. 29. R. to Kt's 3d. 30. B. takes P. 30. B. takes B. 31. R. takes B. 31. R. takes R. 32. R. takes R. 32. P. to Kt's 5th. 33. Q. to B's 3d. 33. P. to B's 6th 34. P. takes P. 34. P. takes P. 35. R. to B's 8th. (ch.) 35. K. to Kt's 2d. 36. R. to Q. Kt's 8th. 36. Q. to K's 2d. 37. Q. to B's 4th. 37. P. to K. R's 4th. 38. P. to K's 6th.[I] 38. R. takes P. 39. R. to Q. B's 8th. 39. R. to K's 5th.[J] 40. R. to B's 7th. 40. R. takes Q. 41. R. takes Q. (ch.) 41. R. to B's 2d. 42. R. to K's 5th. 42. P. to B's 7th. 43. R. to Kt's 5th. (ch.) 43. K. to R's 3d. 44. R. to Kt's sq. 44. R. to Q. Kt's 2d. White resigns.

[Footnote A: NOTES BY W. STEINITZ.--White's game has been modelled chiefly after Steinitz's favorite attack. Here, however, 7. P. takes P. is preferable, for if 7... P. takes P; 8. B. to Kt's 5th, B. to Kt's 2d; 9. Kt. to K's 5th, with a strong attack.]

[Footnote B: As often shown in my annotations in similar positions, it is absolutely injurious to White's game to allow three well-supportable Pawns against two to be established on the Queen's side. The prospect of a King's side attack on which White speculates is quite unreliable in comparison to the disadvantage on the Queen's side to which he is subjected. At any rate, Pawns ought to be exchanged first, and thus Black's centre weakened.]

[Footnote C: It was better to make sure of his superiority on the Queen's side by P. to B's 5th at once.]

[Footnote D: He had sufficient force on the King's side to ignore any hostile attack in that direction, and systematic operations on the other wing, commencing with P. to Q. Kt's 4th, were most in order.]

[Footnote E: The combination of this with the next five moves, more especially with the two closely following, is full of high ingenuity, which, however, is wasted on an imaginary danger. For all purposes of defence it was only necessary to advance P. to K. Kt's 3d at the right time, and then to play R. to B's 2d, followed by B. to K. B's sq. eventually. The Queen's wing was still the proper point of attack to which he should have directed his attention more promptly.]

[Footnote F: For aggressive purposes on the Queen's side, the Queen was better placed at B's 2d.]

[Footnote G: This rash attack and Black's timid reply were only to be accounted for as results of time pressure on both sides.]

[Footnote H: There was not the slightest danger in capturing the Pawn with a Pawn ahead, while this loses one.]

[Footnote I: A fatal miscalculation. R. to Q. B's 8th led to a most probable draw, for if 38... R. to Kt's 5th; 39. Q. to B's 6th (ch.), &c.]

[Footnote J: Black seizes his opportunity with scientific exactitude.]

Between Frank J. Marshall and D. Janowsky.

{PGN 70}

WHITE. (Mr. M.) BLACK. (Mr. J.) 1. P. to Q's 4th. 1. P. to Q's 4th. 2. P. to Q. B's 4th. 2. P. to K's 3d. 3. Kt. to Q. B's 3d. 3. Kt. to K. B's 3d. 4. B. to Kt's 5th. 4. Q. Kt. to Q's 2d. 5. Kt. to B's 3d. 5. B. to K's 2d. 6. P. to K's 3d. 6. Castles. 7. K. to B's sq.[A] 7. R. to K's sq.[B] 8. B. to Q's 3d. 8. P. takes P. 9. B. takes P. 9. P. to Q. R's 3d.[C] 10. Castles.[D] 10. P. to Kt's 4th. 11. B. to Q's 3d. 11. B. to Kt's 2d. 12. Q. to K's 2d. 12. P. to B's 4th. 13. P. takes P.[E] 13. Kt. takes P. 14. B. to B's 2d.[F] 14. Kt. to Q's 4th. 15. B. takes B. 15. Q. takes B. 16. Kt. takes Kt. 16. B. takes Kt. 17. P. to Q. Kt's 3d. 17. Q. R. to B's sq. 18. P. to K's 4th. 18. B. to Kt's 2d. 19. P. to Q. Kt's 4th.[G] 19. Kt. to Q's 2d. 20. K. R. to Q's sq. 20. Kt. to B's sq. 21. P. to Q. R's 3d. 21. R. to B's 6th.[H] 22. B. to Q's 3d. 22. K. R. to B's sq.[I] 23. R. takes R. 23. R. takes R. 24. Q. to Kt's 2d. 24. R to B's sq.[J] 25. R. to Q. B's sq. 25. R. to Q's sq.[K] 26. B. to Kt's sq. 26. Kt. to Q's 2d.[L] 27. Q. to Q's 4th. 27. Kt. to B's 3d. 28. Q. to K's 5th. 28. Kt. to Kt's 5th. 29. Q. to B's 4th. 29. Kt. to B's 3d. 30. P. to R's 3d. 30. Kt. to K's sq. 31. Kt. to K's 5th. 31. Kt. to Q's 3d. 32. Kt. to Kt's 4th. 32. Kt. to B's 5th.[M] 33. P. to K's 5th. 33. K. to R's sq. 34. Kt. to B's 6th. 34. P. takes Kt.[N] 35. Q. to R's 4th.[O] 35. Resigns.

[Footnote A: Marshall abandons his favorite variation 7. Q. to B's 2d.]

[Footnote B: Janowsky also changes P. to B's 4th, played in the earlier games.]

[Footnote C: Janowsky's favorite manoeuvre, which might have been expected. Therefore Marshall could have played P. takes P. previous to B. to Q's 3d.]

[Footnote D: P. to Q. R's 4th would have prevented the Bishop being dislodged; but as he manages eventually to prevent Black from keeping the majority of Pawns on the Queen's side, there is nothing to be said against it--except that he only keeps about an even game.]

[Footnote E: This is compulsory, because of the threat P. to B's 5th, followed by P. to Kt's 5th.]

[Footnote F: B. to Kt's sq. might be followed by P. to Kt's 5th, when Q. to K's sq. would take up the place which the K. R. intends to occupy; but the move would have been better, nevertheless.]

[Footnote G: It is doubtful whether the advance might not have been dispensed with, because of the threat Kt. to Q's 2d, Kt's 3d, and B's 5th eventually. But Marshall plays still for attack, not content with a draw in an even position.]

[Footnote H: Black has now the better game.]

[Footnote I: Better would have been 22... Q. to B's 2d 23. Q. to Kt's 2d, K. R. to B's sq.; 24. R. takes Q., Q. takes R., with the command of the open file.]

[Footnote J: NOTES BY L. HOFFER.--Q. to B's 2d could be played here.]

[Footnote K: An alternative would be 25... Q. to B's 3d; 26. P. to K's 5th, Q. to Q's sq.; 27. R. takes R., Q. takes R.; 28. Q. to B's 2d, Q. takes Q.; 29. B. takes Q., Kt. to Q's 2d, winning the K. P.]

[Footnote L: Q. to Q's 3d or Q. to B's 2d could be played. The text move gives White a chance to bring his Queen effectively into play.]

[Footnote M: Kt. to K's sq. would have been safer.]

[Footnote N: Marshall did not expect this _complaisance_, and Janowsky would not have obliged him had he seen the fatal 35. Q. to R's 4th. 34... Kt. takes K. P. should have been played.]

[Footnote O: Marshall risked losing the game in trying to win. His boldness was rewarded, but the verdict should be: Don't try it again.]