Part 22

I Iceland, loom used in, 126. IGNORANCE: A cause of malnutrition, 82. Among factory girls, 31, 32. Babies victims of, 27, 28, 29–32, 37, 39, 239. Campaign against maternal, 30, 31, 240. Often only one of poverty’s disguises, 37. Remedial measures for, 30, 239–245. Social need of protection against, 214. Illegitimate children, death-rate among, 7. ILLINOIS: Child-labor investigation in, 208, 209, 210. Child-labor law, 208. (_See also_ Chicago.) Illiteracy in the United States, 143. Imbeciles in English cotton mills, 134. Inanition, infant mortality from, 12. INDIANA: Child labor in, 154, 155, 161. Children working by night in, 161. Glass manufacture in, 154, 155, 159, 161. Industrial revolution in England, 130, 149. Industrial Schools, England, 96. Industrial Schools, New York City, 83. INFANTILE MORTALITY: Among Irish and Italians, 25, 26. Among Jews, 25, 26. Effect of improved milk supply on, 22, 23, 247. Employment of mothers a cause of, 37, 38–44, 50. From eleven given causes, 21. Ignorance of mothers a cause of, 27, 28, 29–32, 37, 39, 239. In England and Wales, 9–12. In United States, 11–13. Lowered in siege of Paris and Lancashire cotton famine, 43, 44. Malnutrition principal cause of, 26, 27. Not affected by sanitary improvements, 26. Proportion of, due to poverty, 20. Proportion of, due to socially preventable causes, 13, 21. Reduced in Australia, Berlin, and Rochester, 247. Relative, among rich and poor, 7. Still-births and, 52. INTEMPERANCE: As a cause of child labor, 210, 211. Employment of married women due to, 34. Malnutrition as a cause of, 90. Inter-Departmental Committee, see British Interdepartmental Committee. IRISH: Infantile mortality among, 26. Underfed school children among, 26. ITALIANS: Child labor among, 199. Housing among, 78. Infant mortality among, 26. Underfed children among, 71, 78. ITALY: Feeding of school children in, 248, 249, 274, 287–290. Medical attendance free in, 275. Medical inspection in schools, 253.

J Jenner, Sir William, 16. Jevons, Professor W. S., 38. JEWS: Bad housing among, 25. Mortality of infants among, 25. Juvenile delinquents, 187–189.

K Keen, Dr. W. W., 98. Kelley, Mrs. Florence, 160, 162. Kensington Labor Lyceum, Philadelphia, 151. Kilham, Dr. Eleanor B., 301, 302. Kline, Professor, 105. Knopf, Dr. S. A., 26.

L _Laissez faire_, 136, 141. Lancashire, England, cotton famine, 44, 51. Lancaster, Pennsylvania, 184. _La Revolté_, 147. Laryngismus Stridulus, 298. Lawrence, Massachusetts, child labor in, 153. Lead poisoning, 179. Lechstrecker, Dr. H. M., 83. LEGISLATION: Alabama Child Labor Committee and, 142. Artificial infant foods should be subject to, 245–246. Child labor, suggested, 256–260. (_See also_ Child Labor.) Factory acts, first British, 136. Feeding of school children matter for, 271, 272, 279, 280. German child labor, 257. Interest of society to protect children by, 191, 305–306. _Manufacturers’ Record_ on child labor, 142. Midwifery, regulation of, by, 222, 225, 299, 300, 301. Relating to employment of mothers near childbirth, 44, 45, 49, 227, 230. Relating to street trades, 258, 259. Ten Hours’ Bill in England, 137, 139. United States in need of further, 257–260. Leipzic, physique of school children in, 96. LITTLE MOTHERS: Among Italians, 78. A social menace, 38. Responsible for much infant mortality, 38, 39, 44. Litton Mill, 133. LONDON: Death-rate of infants in, 7. Death-rates of Belgravia and Bethnal Green, 5. Obstetrical Society of, 294, 295. Physical degeneration among school children in, 291–293. Special school for defective children, 111. Underfeeding of children in, 272. Los Angeles, California, underfed school children in, 85. Lovejoy, Owen R., 158, 161. Lowe, David, 218. Lubec, Maine, 170.

M McKelway, Dr., 148, 199. Maine, canning factories, 170. Malins, Dr. Edward, 294. Manchester, England, epidemic in, 135. Manchester, New Hampshire, 153. _Manufacturers’ Record_ on child-labor legislation, 142. Marasmus, 297. MARRIED WOMEN, EMPLOYMENT OF: Away from homes, 33, 34, 37–44. Census returns of, inadequate, 32, 33. Daniel, Dr. Annie S., on, 34. Evil results of, 32, 35–51. Infantile mortality caused by, 37, 38–44, 50. In home industries, 33, 34–37. Jevons, Professor W. S., on, 38. Legislation relating to, 44, 45, 49, 227, 230. Wages of married women workers, 31, 32, 34. Maryland, 169. Maxwell, Dr. W. H., 64. Measles, 17–21, 298. MEDICAL INSPECTION IN SCHOOLS: In Belgium, 253, 276, 277. In England, 253. In France, 109, 253, 280, 281. In Germany, 253, 255. In Italy, 109, 253, 275. In London, 198. In Minnesota, 281. In New York City, 107, 109, 253, 281. In Norway, 109, 253, 254. In Switzerland, 253. In United States, need of, 251–253, 255–256, 281, 282. Ménilmontant, Paris, death-rate in, 5. Messengers, 184, 185, 186, 187, 188, 189. MIDWIVES: Inefficiency of, 53, 300. Maternal deaths due to, 300. Still-births due to ignorance of, 53. Supervision of, needed, 222–226, 299, 300, 301. MILK: Adulteration of, 28, 29. High death-rate due to impure, 22. Sterilization of, 235, 304–305. Straus system of Pasteurization of, 22, 29, 234–236. (_See also_ Municipal Milk Depots.) Minnesota, investigation of school children in, 281. Minnesota State Public School, at Owatonna, 120, 121. Minotola, New Jersey, strike of glass-blowers in, 198. Monroe, Professor W. S., 101, 102. Montgomery, Alabama, 149. Montmartre, Paris, 279, 280, 282. Morris, William, 126. Moscow, 96. “Mother” Mary Jones, 151. Mt. Carbon, West Virginia, 166. Mundella, Mr., M.P., 108, 109. MUNICIPAL MILK DEPOTS: Advantages of, 234–238, 302–305. Dodd, Lawson, on, 303. French, see _Gouttes de Lait_. In England, 234, 235. In Europe, 238. Powell, Sir Richard Douglas, on, 303. Rochester, New York, 22, 23, 235, 236, 238, 304–305. St. Helen’s, Lancashire, England, 235. Murphy, Edward Gardner, 148.

N Nathan, Mrs. Frederick, 208. National Child Labor Committee, 163. NEW JERSEY: Child-labor investigation in, 210. Child-labor law, 1904, 210. Glass manufacture, 154. Glass manufacture, children employed in, 154, 159, 161, 162. Orphan Asylum children employed in, 198. New Lanark, Scotland, 134. Newsboys, 184, 185, 187, 188, 258. NEW YORK CITY: Child-labor legislation in, 258. Estimated number of children in, 61. Foundling Asylum in, 22. Home factories in, 33–37, 173. Medical inspection in schools of, 107, 109, 253, 281. School nurses in, 242. Still-births in, 52. Underfed school children in, 61, 64–83, 90–95. New York Child Labor Committee, 169. New York County Medical Association, 224. New York Foundling Asylum, 22. NEW YORK STATE: Canning factories in, 169. Carpet factories in, 178. Child labor in, 141. Child-labor investigation in, 210. Child-labor legislation in, 258. Midwives, regulation of, 223, 299. Number of children of school age not attending school in, 144. Nibecker, Mr., Supt. House of Refuge, Pennsylvania, 187. Nichols, Mr. Francis H., 210. NORWAY: Backward children in, 115, 276. Excursions for school children, 275. Meals for school children, 114, 115, 275, 276. Medical inspection of school children in, 109, 253, 254. School sanatoria, 254. Special dietary for weak children, 115, 254. Notes and authorities, 307–323. Nottingham, England, 132.

O Oastler, Richard, M.P., 137. Obstetrical Society of London, 294, 295. Ohio, child labor in, 154, 159, 160, 162. Glass manufacture in, 154. Oneida, New York, 169. Orphan children compelled to work, 162, 198. Owatonna, Minnesota, 120, 121. Owen, Robert, 134, 135, 153, 165. Oxford, Maryland, 169.

P Paralysis, 178. PARIS: _Caisse des écoles_, 278–282, 283, 284. _Cantines Scolaires_, 115, 249, 277–287. Death-rates in Elysée and Ménilmontant, 5. Infant mortality during siege of, 43, 44, 51. Medical inspection in schools of, 109. Underfeeding and dulness, 109. Parsons, Mrs. Elsie Clews, 239. PASTEURIZATION OF MILK: In New York City, 29, 234, 236. In New York Foundling Asylum, 22. In Rochester, New York, 22, 23, 235, 236, 238. In St. Helen’s, Lancashire, England, 235. Renders digestion difficult, 305. Scorbutus caused by, 304. Unnecessary, 235. PATENT INFANT FOODS: Dangers arising from, 28. Federal supervision of manufacture and sale of, 245. Paterson, New Jersey, 152. Paton, Dr. Noel, 9 _n._ Pauper apprentices in England, 131–136, 150, 162. Peek, Sir Henry, 109. Peel, Sir Robert, 136. PENNSYLVANIA: Cigarmakers’ Union and child labor in, 193. Employment of children in cigar factories in, 167, 168. Employment of children in glass factories, 154, 155, 159. Employment of children in mines, 163. Investigation by Child Labor Commissioner of, 144. Investigation of reasons for employment of children, 210. Orphan children employed in, 198. Pertussis, 298. PHILADELPHIA: Employment of children in, 144, 151. Still-births formerly not registered, 12. Underfed children in, 85. Phosphor poisoning, 179. PHYSICAL CONDITION OF POOR CHILDREN: Accountable for educational failures, 100. Inferior to richer children, 96–98. Investigations in Chicago of, 175. Investigations in England of, 10, 108, 291. Malnutrition responsible for, 106. Report of Royal Commission on Physical Training (Scotland) on, 98, 99. Responsible for criminality, 105–108. (_See also_ Underfeeding and Poverty.) Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, 168. Pittston, Pennsylvania, 143, 163. Playfair, Dr., 7. PNEUMONIA: Infant mortality from, 21. Porter, Dr., 98, 100. Rachitis predisposing to, 17. _Poverty_, 277. POVERTY: Children in United States victims of, 61, 63, 117–124. Cost to society of, 23, 24. Educational failures largely due to, 60, 100–105, 279. Effect upon infantile mortality of, 13, 19, 20, 21, 23. Estimated number of persons in United States in, 61, 63. Mortality from convulsions, measles, and rickets increased by, 17–19. Most heavily felt by children, 1–3, 61. Proportion of still-births due to, 52. Reason for child labor, 206–213. Relation to death and disease, 14–24. PRISONS: And child labor, 194. Filled by victims of poverty, 24.

Q Quarries, child labor in, 163. Quinlin, Dr. Francis, 301.

R Rachitis, 5, 15–18, 78, 175, 294, 297, 298. Reclus, Élie, 44. Reformatories and child labor, 162, 194. Reformatories filled by victims of poverty, 24. Reggia Emilia, Italy, 274. Report on Physical Training (Scotland), 98, 99. Rickets, _see_ Rachitis. Roberts, Dr. Charles W., 96, 98. Roberts, Rev. Peter, 183. ROCHESTER, NEW YORK: Death-rate reduced in, 23, 247. Employment of children in, 192. Milk supply in, 22, 23, 235, 236, 238, 304–305. Rousden, England, 109. Rowntree, B. S., 98. Ruskin, John, 191. Ryan, Charles L., School Principal, Buffalo, New York, 83.

S Sadler, Michael, M.P., 137, 138. Salvation Army, 68, 73, 94. San Remo, Italy, 274. SCHOOL CHILDREN: Defective hearing among, 107. Defective vision among, 107, 251–253, 281. Meals furnished to, in Belgium, 254, 276. Meals furnished to, in Chicago, 84, 85, 273. Meals furnished to, in England, 109–115, 272–273. Meals furnished to, in France, 115, 249, 277–280, 282–286. Meals furnished to, in Germany, 274. Meals furnished to, in Italy, 248, 274, 287–290. Meals furnished to, in New York, 116, 117. Meals furnished to, in Norway, 114, 115, 254, 275. Meals furnished to, in Switzerland, 254, 277, 278. Medical inspection of, 107–110, 198, 253–254, 275–277, 280–281. Physical condition of, investigated, 96–101, 107–110. Physical deterioration of, in England, 292–296. Underfeeding of, _see_ Underfeeding. Venereal diseases among industrial, 184, 185. School colonies, 254, 255, 281. School funds, see _Caisse des écoles_. School Sanatoria, 254. Schools, _see_ School Children. Scorbutus, 304. Scotland, Report on Physical Training in, 98, 99. Sheffield School Board, 110. Shuttleworth, Dr. D. E., 108. Slavs in carpet factories, 178. Slavs in child labor, 212. Sloan, Mr., Supt. John Worthy School, Chicago, 184. Smedley, Professor, 100. Smith, Mrs. Watt, 304. Soap manufacture, dangers of, 176. Social Democratic Federation, 110. Socialism, 220, 221. Socialist control of French municipalities, 233. Socialist programmes, 221, 271, 276. Sophocles, quoted, 123. South Carolina, child labor in, 148, 149, 199. SOUTHERN STATES: Child labor in, 141, 148–151. Industrial revival in, 149. Speyer School, Columbia University, 116. State Charities Aid Association, 233. Steubenville, Ohio, 162. Still-births, 12, 51, 52, 53, 233. St. Helen’s, Lancashire, England, 235. ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI: Studies by Dr. Porter in, 98, 100. Underfed school children in, 89. Stockholm, physique of school children in, 96. Straus milk depots, see Milk. Straus, Nathan, 29, 234, 236. STREET TRADES: Legislation for, 258–259. Perils to children in, 184–188. Venereal diseases among children in, 184, 185. Sweat shops, 171. SWITZERLAND: _Alcoholzehntel_, 254. Country homes for school children in, 280. Holiday colonies for school children in, 254. Legislation upon employment of married women in, 45. Meals for school children in, 277. Medical inspection of school children in, 253–254. School Sanatoria in, 254.

T Tavistock Place School, London, 111. Taylor, Jonathan, 110. Teachers College, Columbia University, 116. Teeth of school children, inspection of, 253, 255, 277. Ten Hours’ Bill, England, 137, 139. Tennyson, Alfred, quoted, 28. TEXTILE INDUSTRIES: Child labor in, 148–154. Dangers to health in, 177. Trachoma, 251. Trondhjem, Norway, 115, 275, 276. TUBERCULOSIS: Among bottle makers, 160. And poverty, 15. Campaign against, 30. Germany, treatment of children predisposed to, 255. Rachitis predisposing to, 17. Relation of child labor to, 146. Tuke, Dr. Hack, 108. Turin, Italy, 96, 109.

U UNDERFEEDING: Among Italians, 78–81. Defective vision due to, 107. Due to ignorance, 27, 28, 29. Effects of, not hereditary, 294. Employment of mothers and, 35, 37. In Aberdeen, 272. In Birmingham, 113, 114, 272. In Boston, 85, 89. In Buffalo, 83–84. In Chicago, 84–85, 89, 273–274. In Cleveland, 85. In Dundee, 272. In Glasgow, 272. In London, 109, 272. In Los Angeles, 85. In New York, 61, 64, 83, 85, 109. In Philadelphia, 85. In United States, 61, 64, 85, 86, 117, 118. Mental effects of, 108–112, 276. Physical effects of, 95–105. Predisposing to disease, 26, 42, 296. Prime cause of infant mortality, 25. Proportion of hospital cases due to, 26, 27. Proportion of infant deaths due to, 14. Source of crime, 105–108. Worst effect of poverty upon children, 2–5, 27, 61–65. UNEMPLOYMENT: Among Irish laborers, 91. Among male wage-earners, 62. UNITED STATES: Child labor in, 140, 141, 167, 168. Infantile death-rate in, 11, 12, 13. Legislation regulating employment of married women needed, 45–49, 227–233. Legislation regulating street trades required, 258–259. Number of children employed in, 142, 145. Still-births in, 52. Underfed children in, 61, 64, 85, 86, 117, 118. Value of glass manufactures, 154. Victims of poverty in, 61, 62. Utopia, 65, 239.

V Van der Vaart, Mrs., 161. Varnishers, 178. Venereal diseases, 184. Vercelli (Italy), 248, 249, 274, 275, 287, 288–290. Vincent, Dr. Ralph M., 25, 235, 298, 304.

W Wales, death-rate of, 10. Walling, William English, 169. Ward, Mrs. Humphry, quoted, 111. Warner, Dr. Francis, 108. Webster, Dr. J. Clarence, 300. Wellington, England, 50. West Virginia, 166. Wheeler, Miss M. (Supt. New York Babies’ Hospital), quoted, 27. Whooping-cough, 17. Wilcox, Ella Wheeler, 125. Wilkesbarre, Pennsylvania, 163. Wolf, Dr., 7. Wood-working, industries connected with, 168, 176. Workhouses, 131.

Y Yonkers, New York, 178, 226. York, England, 98.

Z Zanesville, Ohio, 160. Zark, N. V., 96.

TRANSCRIBER’S NOTES

1. Silently corrected typographical errors. 2. Retained anachronistic and non-standard spellings as printed. 3. Enclosed italics font in _underscores_. 4. Superscripts are denoted by a caret before a single superscript character, e.g. M^r.

End of Project Gutenberg's The Bitter Cry of the Children, by John Spargo