Chapter 18

Hugo, Victor; biographical note on, VII, 228; articles by--the Battle of Waterloo, 228; the beginnings and expansions of Paris, 235.

Humboldt, Alexander von; biographical note on, VIII, 130; an essay on man, 130.

Hume, David; biographical note on, IV, 110; articles by--on the character of Queen Elizabeth, 110; the defeat of the Armada, 113; the first principles of government, 118.

Huxley, Thomas Henry; biographical note on, VI, 219; a piece of chalk, 219.

Ibsen, Henrik; biographical note on, VIII, 245; the thought child, 245.

Irving, Washington; biographical note on, IX, 147; articles by--the last of the Dutch governors of New York, 147; the awakening of Rip Van Winkle, 151; at Abbotsford with Scott, 161.

James, Henry; biographical note on, X, 246; articles by--among the Malvern Hills, 246; Turgeneff's world, 252.

Jefferson, Thomas; biographical note on, IX, 98; articles by--when the Bastile fell, 98; the futility of disputes, 106; of blacks and whites in the South, 108; his account of Logan's famous speech, 114.

Johnson, Samuel; biographical note on, IV, 94; articles by--on publishing his "Dictionary," 94; Pope and Dryden compared, 97; his letter to Chesterfield on the completion of his "Dictionary," 101; on the advantage of living in a garret, 104.

Joinville, Jean de; biographical note on, VII, 27; Greek fire in battle described, 27.

Jonson, Ben; biographical note on, III, 87; of Shakespeare and other wits, 87.

Kempis, Thomas à; biographical note on VII, 16; of eternal life and of striving for it, 16.

Kinglake, Alexander W.; biographical note on, VI, 42; articles by--on mocking at the Sphinx, 42; on the beginnings of the Crimean war 44.

Knox, John; biographical note on, III, 36; his account of his interview with Mary Queen of Scots, 36.

Lamartine, Alphonse de; biographical note on, VII, 195; of Mirabeau's origin and place in history, 195.

Lamb, Charles; biographical note on, V, 93; articles by--dream children, 93; poor relations, 99; the origin of roast pig, 102; that we should rise with the lark, 107.

Landor, Walter Savage; biographical note on, V, 87; articles by--the death of Hofer, 87; Napoleon and Pericles, 91.

La Rochefoucauld, Duc de; biographical note on, VII, 112; selections from the "Maxims," 112.

Le Sage, Alain René; biographical note on, VII, 129; articles by--in the service of Dr. Sangrado, 129; as an archbishop's favorite, 135.

Lessing, Gotthold Ephraim; biographical note on, VIII, 86; articles by--poetry and painting compared, 86; of suffering in restraint, 89.

Livy; biographical note on, II, 105; articles by--Horatius Cocles at the bridge, 105; Hannibal's crossing of the Alps, 108; Hannibal and Scipio at Zama, 117.

Longfellow, Henry Wadsworth; biographical note on, X, 3; musings in Père Lachaise, 3.

Lowell, James Russell; biographical note on, X, 125; articles by--the poet as prophet, 125; the first of the moderns, 129; of faults found in Shakespeare, 133; Americans as successors of the Dutch, 138.

Lucian; biographical note on, I, 237; articles by--a descent to the unknown, 237; among the philosophers, 243; of liars and lying, 253.

Luther, Martin; biographical note on, VIII, 79; some of his table talk and sayings, 79.

Lytton, Edward Bulwer; biographical note on, VI, 21; his description of the descent of Vesuvius on Pompeii, 21.

Macaulay, Lord; biographical note on, V, 233; articles by--Puritan and Royalist, 233; Cromwell's army, 238; the opening of the trial of Warren Hastings, 242; the gift of Athens to man, 248; the pathos of Byron's life, 251.

Machiavelli, Niccolo; biographical note on, VIII, 178; ought princes to keep their promises, 178.

Malory, Sir Thomas; biographical note on, III, 26; article by--on the finding of a sword for Arthur, 26.

Mandeville, Sir John; biographical note on, III, 8; articles by--the route from England to Constantinople, 8; at the court of the great Chan, 11.

Marcus Aurelius; biographical note on, II, 248; his debt to others, 248.

Mather, Cotton; biographical note on, IX, 33; in praise of John Eliot, 33.

Maupassant, Guy de; biographical note on, VIII, 69; Madame Jeanne's last days, 69.

Merivale, Charles; biographical note on, VI, 37; on the personality of Augustus, 37.

Milton, John; biographical note on, III, 121; articles by--on his own literary ambitions, 121; a complete education defined, 126; on reading in his youth, 129; in defense of books, 131; a noble and puissant nation, 135; of fugitive and cloistered virtue, 141.

Montagu, Lady Mary Wortley; biographical note on, IV, 58; articles by--on happiness in the matrimonial state, 58; inoculation for the smallpox, 63.

Montaigne, Michel de; biographical note on, VII, 90; articles by--a word to his readers, 90; of society and solitude, 92; of his own library, 94; that the soul discharges her passions among false objects where true ones are wanting, 99; that men are not to judge of our happiness until after death, 102.

Montesquieu, Baron de; biographical note on, VII, 150; articles by--of the causes which destroyed Rome, 150; of the relation of laws to different human beings, 156.

More, Sir Thomas; biographical note on, III, 29; on life in Utopia, 29.

Morley, John; biographical note on, VI, 244; on Voltaire as an author and man of action, 244.

Morris, Gouverneur; biographical note on, IX, 117; articles by--the opening of the French States-General, 117; the execution of Louis XVI, 120.

Motley, John Lothrop; biographical note on, X, 68; articles by--Charles V and Phillip II in Brussels, 63; the arrival of the Spanish Armada, 74; "The Spanish Fury," 84.

Musset, Alfred de; biographical note on, VIII, 8; Titian's son after a night at play, 8.

Newman, John Henry; biographical note on, VI, 3; articles by--on the beginnings of tractarianism, 3; on his submission to the Catholic Church, 7; of Athens as a true university, 13.

Paine, Thomas; biographical note on, IX, 94; in favor of the separation of the colonies from Great Britain, 94.

Parkman, Francis; biographical note on, X, 157; articles by--Champlain's battle with the Iroquois, 157; the death of LaSalle, 161; the coming of Frontenae to Canada, 167; the death of Isaac Jogues, 171; why New France failed, 176; the return of the Coureurs-de-Bois, 179.

Parton, James; biographical note on, X, 150; Aaron Burr and Madame Jumel, 150.

Pascal, Blaise; biographical note on, VII, 118; of the prevalence of self-love, 118.

Pepys, Samuel; biographical note on, III, 185; on various doings of Mr. and Mrs. Pepys, 185; of England without Cromwell, 191.

Petrarch, Francis; biographical note on, VIII, 162; of good and evil fortune, 162.

Plato; biographical note on, I, 95; articles by--the image of the cave, 95; of good and evil, 103; Socrates in praise of love, 108; the praise of Socrates by Alcibiades, 121; the refusal of Socrates to escape from prison, 133; the death of Socrates, 143.

Pliny, the Elder; biographical note on, II, 162; articles by--the qualities of the dog, 162; three great artists of Greece, 165.

Pliny, the younger; biographical note on, II, 218; articles by--the Christians in his province, 218; to Tacitus on the eruption of Vesuvius, 222.

Plutarch; biographical note on, I, 190; articles by--Demosthenes and Cicero compared, 190; the assassination of Cæsar, 197; Cleopatra's barge, 207; the death of Antony and Cleopatra, 211.

Poe, Edgar Allan; biographical note on, X, 11; articles by--the cask of Amontillado, 11; of Hawthorne and the short story, 19; of Willis, Bryant, Halleck and Macaulay, 25.

Polo, Marco; biographical note on, VIII, 147; a description of Japan, 147.

Polybius; biographical note on, I, 171; articles by--the battle of Cannæ, 171; Hannibal's advance on Rome, 178; the defense of Syracuse by Archimedes, 183.

Pope, Alexander; biographical note on, IV, 41; articles by--an ancient English country seat, 41; his compliments to Lady Mary, 47; how to make an epic poem, 52.

Prescott, William H.; biographical note on, IX, 198; articles by--the fate of Egmont and Hoorne, 198; the genesis of "Don Quixote," 209.

Quintillian; biographical note on, II, 171; articles by--on the orator as a good man, 171.

Rabelais, François; biographical note on, VII, 58; articles by--Gargantua and his childhood, 58; Gargantua's education, 64; of the founding of an ideal abbey, 74.

Raleigh, Sir Walter; biographical note on, III, 49; on the mutability of human affairs, 49.

Renan, Joseph Ernest; biographical note on, VIII, 30; the Roman empire in robust youth, 30.

Rousseau, Jean Jacques; biographical note on, VII, 170; articles by--of Christ and Socrates, 170; of the management of children, 173.

Ruskin, John; biographical note on, VI, 140; articles by--of the history and sovereignty of Venice, 140; St. Marks at Venice, 151; of water, 159.

Saint-Simon, Duc de; biographical note on, VII, 141; articles by--the death of the Dauphin, 141; the public watching the king and madame, 145.

Sallust; biographical note on, II, 91; articles by--the genesis of Catiline, 91; the fate of the conspirators, 98.

Sand, George; biographical note on, VII, 250; Leila and the poet, 250.

Schiller, Friedrich von; biographical note on, VIII, 107; articles by--the battle of Lutzen, 107; Philip II and the Netherlands, 117.

Schlegel, August Wilhelm von; biographical note on, VIII, 124; on Shakespeare's "Macbeth," 124.

Scott, Sir Walter; biographical note on, V, 31; articles by--the arrival of the master of Ravenswood, 31; the death of Meg Merriles, 35; a vision of Rob Roy, 40; Queen Elizabeth and Amy Robsart at Kenilworth, 48; the illness and death of Lady Scott, 62.

Seneca; biographical note on, II, 128; articles by--the wise man, 128; consolation for the loss of friends, 134; to Nero on clemency, 141; the pilot, 149; a happy life, 153.

Sévigné, Madame de; biographical note on, VII, 123; articles by--great news from Paris, 123; an imposing funeral described, 125.

Sewall, Samuel; biographical note on, IX, 19; his account of how he courted Madame Winthrop, 19.

Shakespeare, William; biographical note on, III, 82; the speech of Brutus to his countrymen, 82; Shylock in defense of his race, 83; Hamlet to the players, 85.

Shelley, Percy Bysshe; biographical note on, V, 151; articles by--in defense of poetry, 151; the baths of Caracalla, 155; the ruins of Pompeii, 158.

Smith, Adam; biographical note on, IV, 163; articles by--of ambition misdirected, 163; the advantages of a division of labor, 166.

Smith, John; biographical note on, IX, 3; his story of Pocahontas, 3.

Southey, Robert; biographical note on, V, 80; Nelson's death at Trafalgar, 80.

Spencer, Herbert; biographical note on, VI, 173; articles by--the origin of professional occupations, 173; self-dependence and paternalism, 181; the ornamental and the useful in education, 186; reminiscences of his boyhood, 191; a tribute to E. L. Youmans, 195; why he never married, 197.

Staël, Madame de; biographical note on, VII, 178; of Napoleon Bonaparte, 178.

Steele, Sir Richard; biographical note on, IV, 3; articles by--of companions and flatterers, 3; the story-teller and his art, 7; Sir Roger and the widow, 10; the Coverley family portraits, 16; on certain symptoms of greatness, 21; how to be happy tho married, 26.

Sterne, Laurence; biographical note on, IV, 123; articles by--the starling in captivity, 123; to Moulines with Maria, 127; the death of LeFevre, 129; passages from the romance of my Uncle Toby and the widow, 131.

Stevenson, Robert Louis; biographical note on, VI, 247; articles by--Francis Villon's terrors, 247; the lantern bearers, 251.

Suetonius; biographical note on, II, 231; articles by--the last days of Augustus, 231; the good deeds of Nero, 236; the death of Nero, 241.

Swift, Jonathan; biographical note on, III, 216; on pretense in philosophers, 216; on the hospitality of the vulgar, 221; the art of lying in politics, 224; a meditation upon a broomstick, 228; Gulliver among the giants, 230.

Tacitus; biographical note on, II, 177; articles by--from Republican to Imperial Rome, 177; the funeral of Germanicus, 183; the death of Seneca, 189; the burning of Rome by order of Nero, 193; the burning of the capitol at Rome, 202; the siege of Cremona, 205; Agricola, 212.

Taine, Hippolite Adolphe; biographical note on, VIII, 38; articles by--on Thackeray as a satirist, 38; on the king's getting up for the day, 43.

Taylor, Jeremy; biographical note on, III, 153; on the benefits of adversity, 153.

Thackeray, William M.; biographical note on, VI, 62; articles by--the imperturbable Marlborough, 62; the ball before the battle of Waterloo, 65; the death of Colonel Newcome, 75; London in the time of the first George, 80.

Thiers, Louis Adolph; biographical note on, VII, 201; the burning of Moscow, 201.

Thoreau, Henry David; biographical note on, X, 99; articles by--the building of his house at Walden Pond, 99; how to make two small ends meet, 103; on reading the ancient classics, 115; of society and solitude, 120.

Thucydides; biographical note on, I, 25; articles by--the Athenians and Spartans contrasted, 25; the plague at Athens, 38; the sailing of the Athenian fleet for Sicily, 45; the completion of the Athenian defeat at Syracuse, 52.

Tocqueville, Alexis de; biographical note on, VIII, 3; on the tyranny of the American majority, 3.

Tolstoy, Count Leo; biographical note on, VIII, 252; Shakespeare not a great genius, 252.

Turgeneff, Ivan; biographical note on, VIII, 239; Bazarov's death, 239.

Vasari, Giorgio; biographical note on, VIII, 192; of Raphael and his early death, 192.

Vigny, Alfred de; biographical note on, VII, 222; Richelieu's way with his master, 222.

Ville-Hardouin, Geoffrey de; biographical note on, VII, 23; the sack of Constantinople, 23.

Voltaire, François Arouet; biographical note on, VII, 160; articles by--of Bacon's greatness, 160; England's regard for men of letters, 164.

Walpole, Horace; biographical note on, IV, 149; articles by--on Hogarth, 149; the war in America, 154; the death of George II, 155.

Walton, Izaak; biographical note on, III, 92; articles by--the antiquity of angling, 92; of the trout, 96; the death of George Herbert, 101.

Ward, Artemus; biographical note on, X, 191; Forrest as Othello, 191.

Washington, George; biographical note on, IX, 79; articles by--to his wife on taking command of the army, 79; of his army in Cambridge, 81; to the Marquis de Chastellux on his marriage, 84.

White, Gilbert; biographical note on, IV, 158; on the chimney swallow, 158.

Wordsworth, William; biographical note on, V, 23; a poet defined, 23.

Wyclif, John; biographical note on, III, 4; a passage from his translation of the Bible, 14.

Xenophon; biographical note on, I, 68; articles by--the character of Cyrus the younger, 68; the Greek army in the snows of Armenia, 75; the battle of Leuctra, 81; the army of the Spartans, 84; how to choose and manage saddle horses, 87.

Zola, Emile; biographical note on, VIII, 48; Napoleon III in time of war, 48.

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