Part 14

1942. Mammals of Wood Buffalo Park, northern Alberta and district of Mackenzie. _Jour. Mammalogy_ +23+ (2): 119-145, 2 pl., 1 map.

1944. The mammals of southern Baffin Island, Northwest Territories, Canada. _Jour. Mammalogy_ +25+ (3): 221-254, 2 pl., 2 fig., 2 maps.

STEFÁNSSON, VILHJÁLMUR.

1913a. Victoria Island and the surrounding seas. _Bull. Am. Geog. Soc._ +45+ (2): 93-106, 1 map.

1913b. My life with the Eskimo. New York: ix + 538, 60 pl., 2 maps.

1914. The Stefánsson-Anderson Arctic Expedition of the American Museum: preliminary ethnological report. _Anthrop. Papers Am. Mus. Nat. Hist._ +14+, pt. 1: [1] + 395, 95 fig., 2 maps.

1919. "Living off the country" as a method of Arctic exploration. _Geog. Rev._ +7+ (5): 291-310, 15 fig.

1921. The friendly Arctic. . . . (With appendix, including (pp. 737-757): The work of the southern section of the expedition, by Rudolph M. Anderson.) New York: xxxi + 784, 70 pl., 9 maps.

STEWART, NORMAN H.

1930? Preliminary report on the occurrence of the nose fly (Cephenomyia) in the deer of Pennsylvania. _Board Game Commissioners Pennsylvania Bull._ (12) rev.: 61-65, 2 fig.

STOCKWELL, C. H.

1933. Great Slave Lake--Coppermine River area, Northwest Territories. _Canada Dept. Mines, Geol. Survey, Summary Rept. 1932_, pt. C: 64-72, 1 map.

STONE, A. J.

1900. Some results of a natural history journey to northern British Columbia, Alaska, and the Northwest Territory, in the interest of the American Museum of Natural History. _Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist._ +13+ (5): 31-62, 2 fig., 3 maps.

STONE, WITMER, and WILLIAM EVERETT CRAM.

1904. American animals, a popular guide to the mammals of North America north of Mexico. . . . New York: xxiii + 318, 86 pl., 17 fig.

SUTTON, GEORGE MIKSCH, and WILLIAM J. HAMILTON, JR.

1932. The mammals of Southampton Island. _Mem. Carnegie Mus._ +12+, pt. 2, sect. 1: 1-111, 5 pl., 4 fig.

THOMPSON, DAVID.

1916. David Thompson's narrative of his explorations in western America 1784-1812. Edited by J. B. Tyrrell. _Publ. Champlain Soc._ 12: xcviii + 582, 21 pl., 2 maps.

TWEEDSMUIR, [LORD].

1951. Hudson's Bay trader. New York: 1-195, 8 pl., 1 map.

TWINN, C. R.

1950. Studies of the biology and control of biting flies in northern Canada. _Arctic_ +3+ (1): 14-26, 11 fig.

TYRRELL, JAMES W.

1908. Across the sub-Arctics of Canada. Ed. 3. Toronto: i-viii, 9-280, 18 pl., 66 fig., 3 maps. (Orig. ed. in 1898.)

1924. Report on an exploratory survey between Great Slave Lake and Hudson Bay, districts of Mackenzie and Keewatin. Dept. Interior, Ottawa: 1-38, maps. (Reprinted from _Ann. Rept. Dept. Interior_ 1901 [1902].)

TYRRELL, J. BURR.

1892. The winter home of the Barren Ground Caribou. _Ottawa Naturalist_ +6+ (8): 128-130.

1894. An expedition through the Barren Lands of northern Canada. _Geog. Jour._ +4+ (5): 437-450, 1 map.

1895. A second expedition through the Barren Lands of northern Canada. _Geog. Jour._ +6+ (5): 438-448, 1 map.

1896. Report on the country between Athabasca Lake and Churchill River with notes on two routes travelled between the Churchill and Saskatchewan Rivers. Ann. _Rept. Geog. Survey Canada_ +8+ (n.s.), 1895, rept. D: 1-120, 3 pl., 1 map.

1897. Report on the Doobaunt, Kazan and Ferguson Rivers and the north-west coast of Hudson Bay, and on two overland routes from Hudson Bay to Lake Winnipeg. _Ann. Rept. Geol. Survey Canada_ +9+ (n.s.), 1896, rept. F: 1-218, 11 pl., 3 maps.

[UNITED STATES] WAR DEPARTMENT.

1944. Arctic manual. _Technical Manual_ 1-240. Washington: 1-131, 21 fig., 1 map.

WEBER, NEAL A.

1950. A survey of the insects and related arthropods of Arctic Alaska. Part 1. _Trans. Am. Entom. Soc._ +76+ (3): 147-206, 7 pl.

WEEKS, L. J.

1933. Maguse River and part of Ferguson River basin, Northwest Territories. _Canada Dept. Mines, Geol. Survey, Summary Rept. 1932_, pt. 64-72, 1 map.

WEYER, EDWARD MOFFATT, JR.

1932. The Eskimos: their environment and folkways. New Haven: xvii + 491, 6 fig., 23 maps.

WHEELER, DAVID E.

1912. Notes on the spring migration at timber line, north of Great Slave Lake. _Auk_ +29+ (2): 198-204, 1 map.

1914. The Dog-rib Indian and his home. Bull. _Geog. Soc. Philadelphia_ +12+ (2): 47-69, 3 pl., 1 map.

WHITNEY, CASPAR.

1896. On snow-shoes to the Barren Grounds. . . . New York: x + 324, 35 pl., 77 fig., 2 maps.

WHITTAKER, E. J.

1919. Notes on midwinter life in the Far North. _Ottawa Naturalist_ +32+ (9): 166-167.

WRAY, O. R.

1934. In the footsteps of Samuel Hearne. _Canadian Geog. Jour._ +9+ (3): 138-146, 15 fig., 2 maps.

WRIGHT, J. G.

1944. Economic wildlife of Canada's eastern Arctic--caribou. _Canadian Geog. Jour._ +29+ (4): 184-195, 12 fig., 1 map.

YOUNG, STANLEY P.

1944. The wolves of North America. Part 1. Their history, life habits, economic status, and control. Washington: 1-385, 74 pl., 4 fig., 8 maps.

YULE, ROBERT F.

1948. The disappearing caribou. _Canadian Medic. Assoc. Jour._ +58+: 287-288, 1 fig.

ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCES

TO

_Rangifer arcticus arcticus_

These references are arranged chronologically, year by year; but within a given year, the arrangement for the most part is alphabetical by authors. The full citations of the publications (here designated merely by author and year) may be found in the preceding "Literature Cited."

The name or names at the beginning of each entry are those by which the animal is referred to in that particular publication. If the author supplies a technical name (such as _Rangifer arcticus_), that name alone is furnished here. The authority for the technical name is included or omitted according to the usage of each author. If he omits a technical name, the common name or names he employs (such as "Caribou" or "Reindeer") are supplied.

In some of the earlier accounts, particularly, more than one form of _Rangifer_ (_e.g._, Peary's Caribou, the Labrador Caribou, or even the Woodland Caribou, in addition to the typical Barren Ground Caribou) may have been treated under a single designation, such as "Reindeer" or "_Cervus tarandus_." In such case the word "part" is added in parentheses after the name at the beginning of the entry. As far as is possible or feasible, the references are here limited to _R. a. arcticus_. They constitute a partial summary of the nomenclatural history of the typical subspecies.

The annotations aim to provide a sort of abstract of, or unalphabetized index to, the treatment of this animal in each publication. Each topic or rubric of the annotations (such as migration, distribution, food, voice, antlers, or relation to Wolves) is accompanied by page references.

In the earlier part of the present publication, at the end of the discussion of each topic, references are given (merely by author, year, and page) to previous literature on the same topic. The Annotated Bibliographical References now supplied represent an amplification of those earlier and briefer references--an intermediate stage between them and the original literature. It is hoped that they will prove particularly helpful to those who may not have ready access to all the items of the original literature. My own coverage of the literature has not been by any means exhaustive; limitations of time and insufficient accessibility of some of the rarer publications have been the principal factors involved in this deficiency.

The chronological arrangement of the entries throws an interesting light on the gradual acquisition, during more than two centuries, of our present stock of information on the distribution, taxonomic characters, life habits, and general status of _Rangifer arcticus arcticus_. It may be remarked, however, that one of the very earliest accounts (Hearne, 1795) was one of the fullest. It contributes toward bringing into focus the remarkable attainments of that pioneer explorer-naturalist of the Barren Grounds.

"Deer" (one of three kinds): Isham, 1949 (1743): 151 (description); 152 (inhabit Barren Grounds); 152-153 (snares); 154 (Eskimos hunting with spears and arrows).

"Rain-deer" or "Cariboux": Dobbs, 1774: 9, 78, 94 (Marble Island); 19 (Indians living on Caribou W. of Hudson Bay); 20 (herds of up to 10,000 between Churchill and Nelson rivers); 22 (migration [of Barren Ground or Woodland species?] near York Factory--S. in March-April, N. in July-August); 47, 59 (N. of Churchill); 73-74 (Wager Inlet); 80 (Cape Fullerton).

"Deer": Hearne, 1795: 4, 7, 8, 14, 24 (vicinity of Seal River or Shethanei Lake); 28 (near Baralzon Lake); 35 (spearing by Chipewyans on upper Kazan River); 39, 40 (W. of upper Kazan River, July 22-30); 40-42, 50-52 (vicinity of upper Dubawnt River); 50 (skins suitable for clothing in late August); 56, 66 (vicinity of Egg River, Manitoba, November and December); 67-68 (E. of Nueltin Lake); 69, 72, (Nueltin Lake); 69 (flesh of bucks still unpalatable on December 30); 73, 74 (W. of Nueltin Lake, January); 76 (plentiful W. of Kasba Lake); 77 (Snowbird Lake); 78 (Indians living all winter on deer at Wholdaia Lake); 78-80 (description of a pound); 80-84 (deer in Indian economy); 84 (remoteness a barrier to trade in skins); 85-87 (W. of Wholdaia Lake, plentiful, March); 87 ("Thelewey-aza-yeth" Lake [on Thelon River], numerous, April); 96 (Indians living all winter on deer near Clowey Lake); 112, 114 ("Peshew" [Artillery?] Lake and vicinity); 117 (plentiful, vicinity of Thoy-noy-kyed and Thoy-coy-lyned lakes); 119, 123 (N. of Cogead Lake, where Indians kill deer at a river crossing); 139 (N. of Buffalo Lake); 141 (E. of Coppermine River); 142, 143, 147, 171 (Coppermine River and vicinity); 184 (Stony Mountains); 195 (Thaye-chuck-gyed Lake [Lac de Gras?]; great numbers killed); 196-197 (use for clothing, boots, tents, etc.); 197 (warbles eaten by Indians); 198 (rutting season in October; subsequent segregation of sexes); 198-199 (old bucks' antlers shed in November; young bucks still retain theirs at Christmas, and does till summer); 201, 204 (Point Lake); 222 (between Great Slave and MacKay lakes); 275 (large numbers reported on upper Taltson? River); 281 (W. of Hill Island Lake); 285, 286 (plentiful in April on Thee-lee-aza [Thelon?] River, NE. of Hill Island Lake); 293 (near Wholdaia Lake); 295, 296 (W. and E. of Kazan River); 297 (method of drying meat); 299 (plentiful in June, Nueltin Lake region); 300 (vicinity of Egg River, Manitoba); 316-319 (stomach contents, unborn young and uterus eaten by Indians); 321-322 (Indians driving deer between converging rows of sticks); 322-323 (tents of deerskin); 323-325 (skins used in manufacture of sledges, snowshoes, and clothing).

"Rein-deer": Parry, 1821: 273 (E. coast of Baffin Island).

"Reindeer" or "deer": Franklin, 1823: 215-227, 285 (Yellowknife River region); 230-232, 239-240, 245, 248, 268-271, 285, 297, 299, 309, 315-320, 438-440, 459-462, 480-488 (Winter Lake region); 233, 324-325, 418-426, 446-447 (Point Lake region); 240 (back fat; rutting season); 240-241 (antler and pelage change); 241 (larvae of warble and nostril flies); 241-242 (migration); 242 (fawning; food; weight; predation by wolves); 243-244 (Indian hunting methods); 327, 328, 333, 337, 344 (Coppermine River region); 327 (pursuit by a wolf); 344 (driven by wolves over a precipice); 363-374 (coast of Coronation Gulf); 379-395 (Bathurst Inlet region); 397-400 (Hood River region); 404-413 (Contwoyto Lake region); 478 (Marten Lake); 486, 487 (pursuit and killing by wolves, Winter Lake region).

_Cervus Tarandas_. . .: Sabine, in Franklin, 1823: 665, 667 (Barren Grounds, migrating in summer to Arctic islands).

"Deer" or "reindeer": Lyon, 1824: 48, 58-60 (Frozen Strait); 54 (Repulse Bay); 64-67 (Gore Bay; too fleet for a greyhound); 70, 74, 76, 77, 80, 82 (Lyon Inlet and vicinity); 119, 123, 130, 144, 203, 212 (Winter Island; food of Eskimos; bows made of antlers; use of sinews; deerskin clothing); 192-198, 217, 221, 223, 229, 238, 241, 282-283, 311-317 (Melville Peninsula, E. coast; deerskin clothing of Eskimos); 257, 269-270 (near Fury and Hecla Strait; buck shedding velvet, September 4); 324, 327 (Eskimo use of antlers in sledges and bows); 336 (Melville Peninsula, in summer; voice; inquisitiveness); 336-337 (Eskimo hunting with bow and spearing in water); 415, 419-423, 430, 436 (near Igloolik, Melville Peninsula, in June).

"Deer" or "reindeer": Parry, 1824: 42 (Southampton Island); 52, 61, 69, 71, 72, 83, 84, 92, 101, 106-108, 214, 230, 235, 236, 245, 254, 265 (s. Melville Peninsula and vicinity); 289, 305, 308, 324, 329, 332, 339, 343, 434, 438, 439, 441, 446, 447, 453-460 (Fury and Hecla Strait); 289 (stomach contents eaten by Eskimos); 305 (estimated weight 220 lb.); 380 (venison supplied by Eskimos); 403 (15 deer killed by an Eskimo during a summer); 494-497 (deerskin clothing of Eskimos, Melville Peninsula); 505 (their dependence on reindeer for food); 508 (Eskimo spear for killing deer in water); 512 (Eskimo methods of hunting deer); 513 (numerous, Cockburn Land); 537 (Eskimo use of skins and sinew).

_Cervus tarandus_ L.: Richardson, "1825" (= 1827?): 326 (native names); 327-328 (antler growth and change); 328 (rutting season and strong-tasting meat, about beginning of October; warble flies); 328-329 (migrations, in relation to attacks of parasitic flies and to food; does precede on northward migration); 329 (fawns born in May and June; stragglers in every part of the country at all seasons); 330 (utilization of Caribou--including fly larvae--as food by natives; nostril flies); 331 (marrow used as hair-dressing by native women).

_Cervus tarandus_. . .: J. C. Ross, 1826: 94 (North Somerset Island).

"Rein-deer": Franklin, in Franklin and Richardson, 1828: 54, 57, 60, 64, 71, 72, 288 (Great Bear Lake).

"Rein-deer": Richardson, in Franklin and Richardson, 1828: 200 (sinews used in Eskimo bows); 209, 218 (between Mackenzie River and Cape Dalhousie); 224 (Liverpool Bay); 231 (E. of Cape Bathurst); 241, 246 (near Cape Lyon); 249 (Cape Young); 255 (Dolphin and Union Strait); 269-273 (lower Coppermine River); 275 (stalking device of Hare Indians); 277 (Dease River); 282 (Great Bear Lake).

_Cervus tarandus_, var. [Greek: alpha] _arctica_ Richardson: Richardson, 1829: 241-242 (original description); 239 (type locality, neighborhood of Fort Enterprise, Mackenzie); 241 (rutting season); 241-242 (antler change); 242 (pelage change; infestation with warble fly; foot click); 242-245 (economic uses of hide, flesh, bones, and antlers; migration; not wintering S. of Churchill); 242-244 (reproduction); 243, 245 (food); 245 (organization of herds; easy of approach); 245-249 (native methods of hunting).

_Cervus tarandus_ L.: Godman, 1831, +2+: 283-284 (migration); 284 (food; gadfly attacking both Woodland and Barren Ground Caribou); 285-293 (quotations from Franklin, 1823).

"Deer" or "reindeer": John Ross, 1835a: 130-376, _passim_ (Boothia Peninsula); 243-244 (Eskimo clothing of deerskin); 252 (Eskimo method of hunting); 328, 330 (only small numbers up to late April); 337 (many, early May); 352 (stomach contents as food for Eskimos); 376 (migrating N., May 26); 389 (large herd); 390 (hundreds, June 4); 402 (pursued and eaten by wolves); 432 (with fawns, June 10); 438 (many in June); 512 (many killed by Eskimos); 529 (many tracks, May 15); 530 (many passing, followed by a wolf); 534 (many, May 21, with two wolves); 537 (Eskimos killing deer in winter); 564 (a number pursued by a wolf); 612 (two, October 30); 628 (first tracks, March); 704 (tracks, Somerset Island, late June).

_Cervus tarandus_. . .: J. C. Ross, in John Ross, 1835b: xvii (great numbers, Boothia; weight 250 lb.; does arriving in April, bucks in May; fawns hunted by Eskimos with dogs; utilization by Eskimos; food; great numbers speared in water in autumn migration; stragglers found in winter); xviii (measurements).

"Rein-deer" or "deer": Back, 1836: 86 (Thelon River); 105 (Great Slave Lake); 116 (Hoar-frost River); 128-129 (near Artillery Lake, reindeer chased by wolves); 138-143 (Clinton-Colden and Aylmer lakes); 156-157 (head of Great Fish River); 178, 205 (near Fort Reliance); 216, 225, 234 (remaining on Barren Grounds near Great Slave Lake during winter); 261, 267, 268, 273, 280, 281, 285, 286 (Artillery Lake); 290, 292 (Lake Aylmer); 299, 307, 311, 320, 323, 325, 328, 337 (upper Back's River); 367 (lower Back's River, deer drowned in rapids); 420 (Chantrey Inlet); 435, 439 (lower Back's River).

_Cervus tarandus_ Linn.: Richardson, in Back, 1836: 498 (Barren Grounds; migration; food); 499 (utilization by Indians and Eskimos; antlers).

"Reindeer" or "deer": Simpson, 1843: 76 (destruction in 1831 of a countless herd [of Woodland or Barren Ground species?] crossing Hayes River in summer); 196, 198 (Great Bear Lake, September); 206, 226, 232, 242, 247, 249, 250 (between Great Bear Lake and Coppermine River); 207 (solicitude of a buck for a wounded doe); 208 (antlers worn by Indian hunter as a decoy); 232 (deer driven over a cliff by wolves); 233 (numerous near Dease River, early April); 255, 256, 261, 264 (lower Coppermine River, June); 266, 271, 273 (Coppermine River to Cape Barrow, July); 277 (does apparently crossing the ice to islands for fawning); 278, 279 (Cape Barrow to Bathurst Inlet); 281 (first does with fawns seen, August 3); 284 (Bathurst Inlet); 295, 297, 301 (E. of Cape Franklin, migrating S., late August); 309, 310 (lower Coppermine River, September; drowned in rapids); 312 (deer snares, Dease River); 320-321 (retiring in winter to Coppermine River and country south of Great Bear Lake); 328 (numerous between Great Bear Lake and Mackenzie River in winter); 342 (between Great Bear Lake and Coppermine River, June); 347 (Eskimos hunting on Richardson River, summer); 352 (lower Coppermine River); 355 (Eskimos at Cape Barrow gone inland to hunt deer, July); 361 (Ellice River, July 31); 365, 367 (Adelaide Peninsula); 370, 374 (Elliot Bay); 379 (King William Island); 381 (does and fawns near Ogden Bay, early September); 382 (Melbourne Island); 386 (Victoria Island, early September); 391 (great numbers, lower Coppermine River, September 20).

"Rein-deer": J. McLean, 1932 (1849): 195 (immense herds [Woodland or Barren Ground sp.?] in York Factory region prior to 1837; their disappearance reducing Indians to want); 359 (Yellowknife Indians reported to have the art of taming fawns, which follow them like dogs till killed and utilized).

"Deer" or "rein-deer": Rae, 1850: 26, 27 (Rankin's Inlet); 27 (Eskimos spearing deer while crossing Chesterfield Inlet); 28 (Cape Fullerton); 31, 32 (near Whale Point); 35, 39 (Eskimo clothing of caribou skin, Repulse Bay); 40, 64, 65, 73, 74, 76, 80, 84, 91, 92, 133, 134, 166, 169, 177 (Repulse Bay); 44 (stone monuments erected by Eskimos to deflect deer); 44, 68, 99 (Rae Isthmus); 52, 54, 55, 130, 132, 145, 160, 161 (Committee Bay); 79 (use by Eskimos for clothing and food); 93 (migrating N., Repulse Bay, early March); 116 (Pelly Bay); 149, 151 (Melville Peninsula); 150 (use of stomach contents as food); 170 (Eskimo drum of caribou skin); 184, 186 (near Chesterfield Inlet).

"Deer": Osborn, 1852: 74 (near Pond Inlet).

"Deer": Rae, 1852a: 75 (Victoria Island, near Richardson Islands); 79 (many crossing Dolphin and Union Straits to Victoria Island).

"Deer": Rae, 1852b: 83 (lower Coppermine River); 91, 95 (Victoria Island, vicinity of Albert Edward Bay).

"Barren Ground reindeer": Richardson, 1852: 156 (Point Atkinson); 158 (Cape Brown); 166 (Franklin Bay); 173 (Buchanan River); 188 (Rae's River); 198 (Kendall River region); 290 (Great Bear Lake; weight; great numbers [of Woodland or Barren Ground species?] crossing Hayes River, 1833, and slaughtered there by Indians); 296 (Great Bear Lake, migrating N. in May).

"Reindeer" or "deer": Hooper, 1853: 296 (dried meat as winter fare at Fort Norman); 302 (few along Bear River, November); 342 (Kendall Island); 343 (Richard Island); 378, 381 (meat as winter fare at Fort Simpson); 391-393 (method of preparing pemmican).

"Rein-deer": Kennedy, 1853: 128 (numerous tracks, North Somerset, early April); 133 (Bellot Strait); 144, 150 (numerous, Prince of Wales Island, late April).

_Rangifer caribou_ . . . (_C. tarandus, var. A. Arctica_ Richardson): Audubon and Bachman, 1854, +3+: 114 (quotations from Richardson, 1829, and Hearne, 1795; "in every part of Arctic America, including the region from Hudson's Bay to far within the Arctic circle").

"Deer": J. Anderson, 1856: 24 (about 100, mostly bucks, Adelaide Peninsula, early August; Eskimos at Lake Franklin preparing to hunt deer); 25 (a few does at Lake Macdougall, mid-August; numerous at Aylmer and Clinton-Colden Lakes, early September).

"Deer": J. Anderson, 1857: 321 (Eskimos hunting deer, Lake Franklin, July 30); 322 (mouth of Back's River, July 30); 323 (fat bucks killed, Montreal Island, August 2-3); 324, 325, 327 (100, mostly bucks, Adelaide Peninsula, August 6, 7, 11); 326 (all tracks going S., August 9); 328 (25 going S., Lake Pelly; good deer passes between Lakes Pelly and Garry and at Hawk Rapids).

"Reindeer" or "Deer": Armstrong, 1857: 149, 154, 155 (Eskimos with Reindeer meat and skins, Point Warren, E. of Mackenzie River); 166 (skins and meat at Eskimo camp near Cape Dalhousie); 194 (deerskin clothing of Eskimos on coast of Mackenzie); 210, 316, 322, 384, 391, 395, 417 (Banks Island); 254, 335, 364, 365 (Victoria Island, in October, May, July, and August); 297, 336 (Prince of Wales Strait, January and May); 395 (predation by wolves, Banks Island); 475-488, 497-499, 505-510, 514, 515, 521-530, 545-556, 568 (Banks Island; maximum weight 240 lb.; distribution; remain during winter; fawning; 112 killed at Bay of Mercy; quality of meat varying with season; wariness; antler change; description; graze with heads to wind; pursuit by wolves).

_Rangifer groenlandicus_ (Kerr) (part): Baird, 1857: 635 (description; weight); 635-636 (distribution).

_Cervus Tarandus_, var. [Greek: a] _arctica_ Richardson: Murray, 1858: 191 (Chesterfield Inlet region); 193-198 (comparison with Lapland reindeer); 199-206 (antlers and shedding); 201-204 (quotations from previous literature on antlers, food, fawning season, and winter range); 206 (teeth); 206-210 (fur); 210 (damage by warble flies).

"Reindeer" or "deer": M'Clintock, 1860?: 147 (s. shore of Pond Inlet); 167, 176, 177, 184-188, 191, 194, 201, 203, 217, 289, 290, 295, 299 (Bellot Strait); 184 (buck at Bellot Strait, minus paunch, weighing 354 lb.); 212 (Eskimo clothing of reindeer skins, Boothia Peninsula); 219 (Somerset Island); 239 (Adelaide Peninsula); 244 (Montreal Island); 245 (Chantrey Inlet); 252, 279, 280 (King William Island).

"Rein-deer" (part): Richardson, 1861: 274 (migration; rutting season; utilization by Indians and Eskimos); 275 (moving N. at Repulse Bay, March 1; food).

_Rangifer arcticus_ . . .: B. R. Ross, 1861: 438 (between Hudson Bay and Arctic Ocean; infested by larvae of warble and nostril flies); 438-439 (migrations); 439 (antler and pelage change; food); 439-440 (value to Indians for food, clothing, etc.).

_Rangifer Groënlandicus_ . . .: B. R. Ross, 1862: 141 (distribution).

"Reindeer" or "deer": Osborn, 1865: 70 (Cape Bathurst); 80, 110, 162, 170, 173, 182, 186, 188, 189, 192, 199, 206-208, 219 (Banks Island); 98, 139, 146 (Victoria Island); 112 (Prince of Wales Strait, January); 223-224 (resident in Arctic archipelago, including Banks Island); 226 (no migration across Barrow Strait or Melville Sound); 227 (weight; gait; antler change; fawning); 227-228, 231, 232 (wolf predation).