Part III;

ITS DESCENDANTS AND OFFTAKES Table lvii;— (_a_) Petrograd F. O. Codex (_an indirect copy_ (?)), described by purchaser as _Bābur-nāma_, Preface xliii-iv; (_b_) Pet. F. O. School of Oriental Languages Codex, entitled _Bābur-nāma_, scribe G. J. Kehr—referred to _in loco_:—diction of the Farghāna Section 1, of the Kābul Sect. 187, of the Hindūstān Sect. 445; its Persified character exemplified 147, 150, 167, and Add. Note, 177, (_cf. JRAS. 1908, pp. 76, 88_); its Latin version App. J, xxxv, Preface liv;— Other references 9, 18, 19, 44-8, 88, 164, 169; +Full contents+:—Preface lii; their reconstruction by Ilminski lii-iv, (_cf. his own Preface JRAS. 1900 and a separate form in B.M., I.O., R.A.S. Libraries, etc._); the "Fragments" Preface xlv (No. viii), lii, (_in loco_) 438, 549, (_a discussion_) 574, 630, 640 (_cf._ JRAS. 1900-6-8); (_c_) The "_Bābur-nāma_" Imprint (_constructed and edited by_) N. I. Ilminski—referred to _in loco_, App. D, 227-59, 336, 420, App. I, xxxii; modelled on the L. and E. _Memoirs of Baber_ 326, 337, App. T, lxxiv, Preface lii (_cf. Ilminski's Preface ref. supra_), 574; Preface:—its Kasan publication li; its deviation from its sole basis (_Kehr's Codex_) lii; Ilminski's work and some results lii, with n. 1 mid-page, liv; his doubts and achievement of a Turki reading book _see_ hi s own Preface ref. _supra_; (_d_) _Mémoires de Bāber_, (_French trs. of Ilminski's Bābur-nāma_) A. Pavet de Courteille—referred to _in loco_, 215, 227, 346, 347, 407, 446, 478, 489, 559, 632, App. T, lxxviii, App. M, xlv;— the _Mubīn_ not recognized 449, 630; an illness 619; mistakenly controverted 468; surmised ground on which it accepted the "Rescue Passage" App. D, xiv; its help in considering Shaikh Zain's compositions 553, 559;— questioned readings 223-5, 327-33-69, 421 (_chīūrtīka_), 462-70, 534, 617-19-38-40-47; a surmise discussed 574;— reviewed by Defrémery 562; its title Preface xxxiii, translation li, source liv, diction lix.

Water—water-thief 109, -road 595; dug for 234; under-ground courses of 417.

Wedding-gifts—43, 400.

Wednesday (_Chār-shaṃba_)—coincidences of the day 71.

Wells—chambered (_wāīn_, _baoli_) 532-3; dug 548, 552; purified when new 634.

White cloth—traded 202; booty 233-4-5-7-8.

Whiteway, Mr. R. S.—his help App. B, vii.

Wilāyat = Kābul 414.

_With the Kuram Field-Force_, J. A. S. Colquhoun—a route 231.

Wine (_i.e. any fermented liquor_)—_`arāq_ (spirit) 385-6-7-8, 453-61-76; mahuwa-flower 505; beer 423; cider (_chagīr_) 83, Add. Note, P. 83; wines of Bukhārā 83, Herī 265, Kābul:—Ālā-sāī 221, Dara-i-nūr 210, 410, App. G; Ghazni 461, Kābul-_tumān_ 203, Nijr-aū 213;— Kāfiristan 211-12, 372;— +rules in use+:—drinking-days 33-4, 111, 447; one liquor only 386; no-pressure on a non-drinker 406-10; +wine-parties+:—Bābur protests against excess 398; excludes drunkards 419, is disgusted by drunken uproar 386 and by beer-intoxication 423; gives his followers freedom to do as Herātīs did 304; givers of "wines", Khw. Kalān 371-5, 461, Shāh Beg 400, the Bāī-qarā Mirzas 299, 302, Khw. Muḥ. `Alī 411 (a business-party), 413;— +Bābur's breaches of Law+ not committed till _cir._ his 28th year 83, 355; resisted temptation in Herāt 299, _etc._— his parties associated with beauty of scene, _e.g._ autumnal 414-16-18; in his gardens 412, 406 and 420; under a plane-tree 405, at Istālīf 406, near an illuminated camp 450; after and before long marches (_frequent_); mention made of (925 AH.) 375-85-88, 408-10-14-15-16-17-19; (926 AH.) 420-1-2-3-4; (932 AH.) 447, 450-53-61; (933 AH.) 537;— drinks a few cups to console 418, out of courtesy in a charmless place 424; "morning" 395-8, 415-20-22; gallops when not sober 388-98;— +Other Law-breakers+ Preface xxix, 16, 33-4, 45, 70, 134, 259-68-73, (woman) 36, 417; Herātīs 259, Ḥiṣāris 42, Pich-Kāfirs 22;— +Parties accompanied+ by improvisation 26, dancing 299, music (_usually_); (_for return to obedience see Law and Index I s.n. Bābur_).

Wordsworth's "undying fish" recalled 305.

Workmen—Tīmūr's 77, 520; Bābur's 520, 634.

Wray, Mr. Cecil and Mr. Leonard—their help 495, 502.

Yajuj and Majuj (_Gog and Magog_) 560.

Yāqūt _see_ Dictionary of Towns.

+Noticeable words+:— _Yada-tāsh_, jade-stone _see_ Magic; _yāghrūnchī_, divination from sheep's-blades 233; _yīghāch_, tree, wood 11, 81; _yīghāch_ _see_ Measures; _yīgīt_, a brave 16, 53, 70, App. H, xxvii; _yīlāq_, alp see _i.a._ Yār- and Būrka-; _yīnka-chīcha_, maternal-uncle's mother-in-law (?); _yīnkalīk_, levirate 23, 267, 306, 616; _yūkūnmāk_, to bend the knee 301; _yūsūnlūq_, hereditary 23.

_Z̤afar-nāma_ (Book of Victory _i.e._ Tīmūr's) Maulana Sharafu'd-dīn `Ali _Yazdī_—[_see nn. on pp. named_], places 10, 74-8, 83-4; persons 39, 272; meaning of Sawālak 485; Tīmūr's capture of Qarshī 134; his burial at a saint's feet 266; his workmen 77, 520; partly translated in _Histoire de Tīmūr Beg q.v._; the book and its main basis, the _Malfūzāt-i-tīmūrī_ Preface xxix, xxx, its author xxxiii.

Zainu'd-dīn _Khawāfī_ (Shaikh Zain)'s writings— (1) _T̤abaqāt-i-bāburī q.v._; (2) _Mubīn_, a Commentary on Bābur's _Mubīn_ 438; (3) _Farmān_ announcing Bābur's renouncement of wine and remission of _ṯamghā_-tax 553; (4) _Fatḥ-nāma_ of the victory at Kānwa 559 to 574; Bābur's reason for inserting it (4) in his book 559; the sole Letter of victory so preserved 561; grounds against supposing Bābur wrote a plain Turkī account of the battle 574.

OMISSIONS FROM TRANSLATION AND FOOTNOTES.

p. 7 l.1 "turbulent" _add_ They are notorious in Mawara'u'n-nahr for their bullyings.

p. 27 l.5 "(1504)" _add_ when, after taking Khusrau Shah, we besieged Muqim in Kabul.

p. 31 l.1 "paid" _add_ no (attention).

p. 43 l.9 _enter_ f. 24_b_.

_ib._ l.8 fr. ft. "Taghai" _add_ and Auzun Hasan.

p. 45 Sec. c, l.2 "good" _add_ he never neglected the Prayers.

p. 48 l.16 "grandmother" _add_ Khan-zada Begim.

p. 52 l.4 fr. ft. "childhood" _add_ and had attained the rank of Beg.

p. 88 l.9 Hasan _add_ and Sl. Ahmad Tambal.

p. 92 l.8 "on" _add_ to Sang-zar.

p. 95 l.12 "service" _add_ did not stay in Khurasan but.

p. 128 l.18 "two" _add_ young (sons).

p. 131 l.12 "Jan-wafa" _add_ Mirza.

p. 134 l.7 fr. ft. "that" _add_ night that.

_ib._ l.3 fr. ft. "was" _add_ in my 19th (lunar) year.

p. 136 l.5 "was" _add_ in my 19th (lunar) year.

p. 139 l.11 fr. ft. _read_ Jani Beg Sultan.

p. 141 l.10 "Khusrau Shah" _add_ my highly-favoured beg Qambar-i-ali _the Skinner Mughul_, not acting at such a time as this according to the favour he had received, came and took his wife from Samarkand; he too went to Khusrau Shah.

p. 143 l.16 "that" _add_ near Shutur-gardan.

p. 152 l.12 fr. ft. "dead" _add_ A few days later we went back to Dikh-kat.

p. 164 Sec. d, l.6 fr. ft. "for" _add_ Sairam.

p.201 l.12 _read_ Kabul-fort.

p. 205 l.10 fr. ft. _read_ "are closed for" 4 or 5 months in winter. After crossing Shibr-tu people go on through Ab-dara. In the heats, when the waters come down in flood, these roads have the same rule as in winter ("because" _etc._).

p. 217 l.11 "Sih-yaran" _add_ It became a very good-halting-place. I had a vineyard planted on the hill above the seat.

p. 221 Sec. h, at the beginning _insert_ The mountains to the eastward of the cultivated land of Kabul are of two kinds as also are those to its westward ("Where the mountains" _etc._).

p. 230 last line "men" _add_ Khusrau _Gagiani_.

p. 247 l.1 "Qush-nadir" _add_ meadow.

p. 308 l.14 "ground" _add_ Moreover it snowed incessantly and after leaving Chiragh-dan, not only was there very deep snow but the road was unknown.

p. 391 March 18th "darogha-ships" _add_ Sangur Khan Qarluq and Mirza-i-malui Qarluq came leading 30 or 40 men of the Qarluq elders, made offering of a horse in mail, and waited on me. Came also the army of the Dilah-zak Afghāns.

p. 393 March 25th l.2 "out" _add_ from the river's bank.

p. 454 l.5 "boat" _add_ There was a party; some drinking _`araq_, some beer. After leaving the boat at the Bed-time Prayer, there was more drinking in the _khirgah_ (tent). For the good of the horses, we gave them a day's breathing on the bank of this water.

p. 468 l.3 "sent" _add_ Yunas-i-'ali and Ahmadi and ("`Abdu'l-lah").

p. 484 l.1 "Rao" _add_ with four or five thousand Pagans.

p. 498 (_s.n._ florican), "colour" _add_ The flesh of the florican is very delicate. As the _kharchal_ (Indian buzzard) resembles the _tughdaq_ (great buzzard) so the _charz_ (florican) resembles the _tughdiri_.

_ib._ (_s.n._ sand-grouse) "Tramontana" _add_ the blackness of its breast is less deep, its cry also is sharper.

p. 500 after l. 11 "eagle" _add_ (new para.) Another is the buzzard (T. _sar_); its tail and back are red.

p. 506 (_s.n._ _kamrak_) "long" _add_ It has no stone.

p. 507 n. 3 "name" _add_ also; "plantain" _add_ (banana).

p. 510 l. 5 see App. O, p. liv for _addendum_.

p. 529 l. 4 fr.ft. "Dulpur" _add_ Gualiar.

p. 595 l. 19 "other" read 2 or 3 (places); the Pagans in the _du-tahi_ began to run away; "the _du-tahi_ was taken."

p. 603 l. 7 fr.ft. "(366_b_)" _add_ and between Ghazipur and Banaras (p. 502).

p. 674 l. 2 "river" _add_ in his mail.

p. 678 l. 2 "amirs" _add_ Sultan.

p. 679 l. 8 fr.ft. "given" _add_ It was settled that a son of each of them should be always in waiting in Agra; l. 7 fr.ft. "Araish" _add_ and two others; l. 2 fr.ft. "Saru" _add_ towards Oude.

p. 689 l. 2 fr.ft. "laks" _add_ and a head-to-foot (dress).

App. Q l. 1 "interpret" add those of.

CORRIGENDA.

_To ensure notice many of these are entered in the Indices._

Pages

6 l.4 "meadow" _read_ plain (_maidan_).

11 n.4, "siyar" unaccented; (H.S.) ii _read_ iii n.n. pp. 18, 38, 48, 244.

12 n.4 l.3 "attack in" _read_ attacking.

14 l.3 "and" _read_ who.

16 l.10 n. ref. "3" _tr. to_ "amorous".

24 n.1 "932" _read_ 923.

27 para. 2 _read_ "Baba `Ali Beg's Baba-quli".

28 l.8 "leaders" _read_ Mughul mirzadas.

29 n.6 l.5 "then" _read_ his.

37 l.8 "916" _read_ 917; and tr. nn. 2 and 3.

38 l.9 "favour" _run on_ to Ahmad.

44 l.9 55 l.12 _delete_ "Sayyid".

46 l.12 _read_ Chikman.

49 l.3 "Black" _read_ White.

51 l.12 fr. ft. "Badakhshan" _read_ Hisar.

55 "f. 34" _read_ f. 32_b_.

57 l.1, enter f. 33 and _move_ "f. 33_b_" to 58 l.2.

61 l.4 "Beg" _read_ Baba-quli Beg.

68 l.10 fr. ft. _tr._ n. ref. 4 to "Aurgut".

69 n.2, read _aunutung_; and _tr._ _nakunid_ and _bakunid_.

79 l.5 tr. n. ref. 3 to _qibla_; in author's n. _read_ Batalmius; and in n.4 _read_ _Ayin_.

85 l.9 _read_ 851 A.H.-1447 A.D.; l.3 fr. ft. _move_ "Jumada I, 22, 855 A.H." to p.86 l.1, after "years".

94 l.6 "Chirik" _read_ Char-yak.

95 l.2 fr. ft. "Aubaj" _read_ Char-jui.

96 last line "Qasim" _read_ Kamal (or Kahal).

109 l.16 "qasim" _read_ qadus.

_ib._ n.5 l.3 _read_ grand "father".

117 n.2 "909" _read_ 908.

122 n.4 "_bulghar_" _read_ _buljar_.

129 l.14 "_daban_" _read_ _kutal_.

131 ll.3-4 fr. ft. _read_ Khan-quli and Karim-dad.

134 l.3 fr. ft. and 136 l.5 _read_ in my 19th (lunar) year.

144 para. 3 "rain" _read_ grain.

148 n.2 "f. 18" _read_ f. 118.

149 l.17 _read_ Khanim.

154 n.3 "f. 183_b_" _read_ f. 103_b_ and for f. 264_b_ _read_ f. 264.

168 Sect. heading "Kasan" _read_ Karnan.

175 l.11 _read_ Mirza-quli.

183 last line "Kulja" _read_ Khuldja.

192 l.3 _read_ Taliqan.

194 l.12 _read_ Quhlugha.

_ib._ n.3 _read_ Bai-sunghar.

204 l.16 _read_ Curriers'.

205 l.5 _read_ Sir; l.13 _read_ Wa(lian); l.14 _read_ Qibchaq.

205 l.10 fr. ft. "three or four" _read_ four or five (cf. omissions p. 205).

211 para. 3, end, "920" _read_ 924.

212 n.2 l.2 _read_ _chiqmaq_.

213 n.5 "_parwan_" _read_ _parran_; and nn.5, 6, 7 _read_ Blanford.

244 ll.8 and 25 "page" _read_ preferably, brave; l.19 _read_ gallopers.

273 n.2 _read_ grand-"daughter".

282 n.3 l.2 "345" _read_ 348-9.

289 l.5 "wonderful" _read_ metaphorist.

342 mid-page _read_ Pur-amin.

344 last line "Appendix" _read_ Trs.' note 711.

351 l.15 "Akhsi" _read_ Archian.

387 n.3 _delete_ sentence 2.

410 last line "_khuntul_" _read_ _hunzal_.

414 l.2 "18th" _read_ 13th; and l.2 fr. ft. "purslain" _read_ poplar.

438 l.15 "son" _read_ grandson.

447 n.3 para. 2 l.1 "month" _read_ week.

470 n.l. 5 fr. ft. "p.66" _read_ p. 166.

482 n.3 "Gujrat" _read_ Malwa.

485 sec. e l.7 "Gumti" _read_ Gui.

499 l.17 "_yak-rang_" _read_ _bak-ding_ (see Add. Note P. 499).

500 l.15 _s.n._ crow "_qarcha_" _read_ _qargha_; n.6 "f. 136" _read_ f. 135.

505 l.6 tr. n. ref. "2" to, _buia_.

520 n.1 "1854" _read_ 1845.

534 l.2 fr. ft. "and" _read_ 932.

535 l.2 fr. ft. _delete_ "others".

579 l.8 "April 13th" _read_ April 3rd.

591 n.2 "_qurughir_" _read_ _quruqtur_.

604 n.l.1 _read_ _Afaghana_.

616 l.5 _read_ Madhakur; and Sect. m "_qara-su_" _read_ _darya qaraghi_ or _qaraghina_.

620 l.7 _rahim_ _read_ _rahman_.

621 l.11 after "servants" _read_ Beg-gina "had come".

622 l.12 _read_ Siunjuk; l.13 Tashkint.

631 l.13 _delete_ the parenthesis (see Add. Note P. 631).

632 l.4 _read_ Farrukh.

636 l.7 "rest" _read_ eight others.

640 l.1 _read_ quli.

643 (Feb. 4th) "Muhammad" _read_ Mahmud.

644 n.5 "323" _read_ 232.

699 l.13 "935" _read_ 938.

713 l.3 _read_ Saliha; and l.11 fr. ft. Miran-shahi.

ADDITIONAL NOTES

P. 16 l. 11.—Niẕāmī mentions "lover's marks" where a rebel chieftain commenting on Khusrau's unfitness to rule by reason of his infatuation for Shīrīn, says, "_Hinoz az`āshīqbāzī garm dāgh ast._" (H.B.)

P. 22 n. 2.—Closer acquaintance with related books leads me to delete the words "Chaghatāī Mughūl" from Ḥaidar _Dūghlāt's_ tribal designations (p. 22, n. 2, l. 1). (1) My "Chaghatāī" had warrant (now rejected) in Ḥaidar's statement (T.R. trs. p. 3) that the Dūghlāt amirs were of the same stock (_abna`-i-jins_) as the Chaghatāī Khāqāns. But the Dūghlāt off-take from the common stem was of earlier date than Chīngīz Khān's, hence, his son's name "Chaghatāī" is a misnomer for Dūghlāts. (2) As for "Mūghūl" to designate Dūghlāt, and also Chaghatāī chiefs—guidance for us rests with the chiefs themselves; these certainly (as did also the Begchīk chiefs) held themselves apart from "Mughūls of the horde" and begs of the horde—as apart they had become by status as chiefs, by intermarriage, by education, and by observance of the amenities of civilized life. To describe Dūghlāt, Chaghatāī and Begchīk chiefs in Bābur's day as Mughūls is against their self-classification and is a discourtesy. A clear instance of need of caution in the use of the word Mughūl is that of `Alī-sher _Nawā'ī Chaghatāī_. (Cf. Abū'l-ghāzī's accounts of the formation of several tribes.) (3) That "Mughūl" described for Hindustānis Bābur's invading and conquering armies does not obliterate distinctions in its chiefs. Mughūls of the horde followed Tīmūrids when to do so suited them; there were also in Bābur's armies several chiefs of the ruling Chaghatāī family, brothers of The Khān, Sa`īd (_see_ Chīn-tīmūr, Aīsan-tīmūr, Tūkhta-būghā). With these must have been their following of "Mughūls of the horde".

P. 34 l. 12.—"With the goshawks" translates _qīrchīgha bīla_ of the Elph. MS. (f. 12_b_) where it is explained marginally by _ba bāzī_, with the falcon or goshawk. The Ḥai. MS. however has, in its text, _pīāzī bīla_ which may mean with arrows having points (_Sanglākh_ f. 144_b_ quoting this passage). Ilminski has no answering word (_Méms._ i, 19). Muḥ. _Shirāzī_ [p. 13 l. 11 fr. ft.] writes _ba bāzī mīandākhtan_.

P. 39.—The _Ḥabību's-siyar_ (lith. ed. iii, 217 l. 16) writes of Sayyid Murād _Āūghlāqchī_ (the father or g.f. of Yūsuf) that he (who had, Bābur says, come from the Mughūl horde) held high rank under Abū-sa`īd Mīrzā, joined Ḥusian _Bāī-qarā_ after the Mīrzā's defeat and death (873 A.H.), and (p. 218) was killed in defeat by Amīr `Alī _Jalāīr_ who was commanding for Yādgār-i-muḥammad _Shāh-rukhī_.

P. 49.—An _Aīmāq_ is a division of persons and not of territory. In Mongolia under the Chinese Government it answers to khanate. A Khān is at the head of an _aīmāq_. Aīmāqs are divided into _koshung_, _i.e._ banners (_Mongolia_, N. Prejevalsky trs. E. Delmar Morgan, ii, 53).

P. 75 and n. 1.—For an explanation, provided in 94 AH., of why Samarkand was called _Baldat-i-maḥfūẓa_, the Guarded-city, see Daulat-shāh, Browne's ed. _s.n._ Qulaiba p. 443.

P. 85 n. 2.—The reference to the _Ḥabību's-siyar_ confuses two cases of parricide:—`Abdu'l-laṯīf's of Aulugh Beg (853-1447) to which Ḥ.S. refers [Vol. III, Part 2, p. 163, l. 13 fr. ft.] with (one of 7-628) Shīrūya's of Khusrau Parvīz (Ḥ.S. Vol. I, Part 2, p. 44, l. 11 fr. ft.) where the parricide's sister tells him that the murderer of his father (and 15 brothers) would eventually be punished by God, and (a little lower) the couplet Bābur quotes (p. 85) is entered (H.B.).

P. 154 n. 3.—The Persian phrase in the _Siyāsat-nāma_ which describes the numbering of the army (T. _dīm kūrmāk_) is _ba sar-i-tāzīāna shumurdan_. Schafer translates _tāzīāna_ by _cravache_. I have nowhere found how the whip was used; (cf. S.N. Pers. text p. 15 l. 5).

P. 171 n. 1.—Closer acquaintance with Bābur's use of _daryā_, _rūd_, _sū_, the first of which he reserves for a great river, casts doubt on my suggestion that _daryā_ may stand for the Kāsān-water. But the narrative supports what I have noted. The "upper villages" of Akhsī might be, however, those higher up on the Saiḥūn-daryā (Sīr-daryā).

P. 189 and n. 1.—A third and perhaps here better rendering of _bī bāqī_ is that of p. 662 (_s.d._ April 10th), "leaving none behind."

P. 196.—The _Habību's-siyar_ (lith. ed. iii, 250 l. 11 fr. ft.) writes of _barādarān_ of Khusrau Shāh, Amīr Walī and Pīr Walī. As it is improbable that two brothers (Anglicé) would be called Walī, it may be right to translate _barādarān_ by brethren, and to understand a brother and a cousin. Bābur mentions only the brother Walī.

P. 223 ll. 1-3 fr. ft.—The French translation, differing from `Abdu'r-rahim's and Erskine's, reads Bābur as saying of the ranges separating the cultivated lands of Kabul, that they are _comme des ponts de trèfle_, but this does not suit the height and sometimes permanent snows of some of the separating ranges.—My bald "(great) dams" should have been expanded to suit the meaning (as I take it to be) of the words _Yūr-ūnchaqā pul-dik_, like embankments (_pul_) against going (_yūr_) further; (so far, _ūncha_). Cf. Griffiths' _Journal_, p. 431.

P. 251.—Niẕāmī expresses the opinion that "Fate is an avenging servitor" but not in the words used by Bābur (p. 251). He does this when moralizing on Farhad's death, brought about by Khusrau's trick and casting the doer into dread of vengeance (H. B.).

P. 266 n. 7.—On p. 266 Bābur allots three daughters to Pāpā Aghācha and on p. 269 four. Various details make for four. But, if four, the total of eleven (p. 261) is exceeded.

P. 276 para. 3.—Attention is attracted on this page to the unusual circumstance that a parent and child are both called by the same name, Junaid. One other instance is found in the _Bābur-nāma_, that of Bābur's wife Ma`ṣuma and her daughter. Perhaps "Junaid" like "Ma`ṣūma" was the name given to the child because birth closely followed the death of the parent (_see_ _s.n._ Ma`ṣūma).

P. 277.—Concerning Bih-būd Beg the _Shaībānī-nāma_ gives the following information:—he was in command in Khwārizm and Khīva when Shaibānī moved against Chīn _Ṣūfī_ (910 AH.), and spite of his name, was unpopular (Vambéry's ed. 184, 186). Vambéry's note 88 says he is mentioned in the (anonymous) prose _Shaibānī-nāma_, Russian trs. p. lxi.

P. 372 l. 2 fr. ft.—Where the Ḥai. MS. and Kāsān Imp. have _mu`āraẓ_, rival, E. and de C. translate by representative, but the following circumstances favour "rival":—Wais was with Bābur (pp. 374-6) and would need no representative. His arrival is not recorded; no introductory particulars are given of him where his name is first found (p. 372); therefore he is likely to have joined Bābur in the time of the gap of 924 AH. (p. 366), before the siege of Bajaur-fort and before `Alā'u'd-dīn did so. The two Sawādī chiefs received gifts and left together (p. 376).

P. 393 l. 4.—In this couplet the point lies in the double-meaning of _ra`iyat_, subject and peasant.

P. 401.—Under date Thursday 25th Bābur mentions an appointment to read _fiqah sabaqī_ to him. Erskine translated this by "Sacred extracts from the Qorān" (I followed this). But "lessons in theology" may be a better rendering—as more literal and as allowing for the use of other writings than the Qorān. A correspondent Mr. G. Yazdānī (Gov. Epigraphist for Muslim Inscriptions, Haidarabad) tells us that it is customary amongst Muslims to recite religious books on Thursdays.

P. 404 l. 7 fr. ft.—Bābā Qashqa (or Qāshqā)'s family-group is somewhat interesting as that of loyal and capable men of Mughūl birth who served Bābur and Humāyūn. It must have joined Bābur in what is now the gap between 914 and 925 AH. because not mentioned earlier and because he is first mentioned in 925 AH. without introductory particulars. The following details supplement _Bābur-nāma_ information about the group:—(1) Of Bāba Qashqa's murder by Muḥammad-i-zamān _Bāī-qarā_ Gul-hadan (f. 23) makes record, and Badāyūnī (Bib. Ind. ed. i, 450) says that (_cir._ 952 AH.) when Bābā's son Ḥājī Muḥ. Khān _Kūkī_ had pursued and overtaken the rebel Kāmrān, the Mīrzā asked, as though questioning the Khān's ground of hostility to himself, "But did I kill thy father Bābā Qashqa?" (_Pidrat Bābā Qashqa magar man kushta am?_).—(2) Of the death of Bābā Qashqa's brother "Kūkī", Abū'l-faẓl records that he was killed in Hindūstān by Muḥammad Sl. M. _Bāī-qarā_ (952 AH.), and that Kūkī's nephew Shāh Muḥ. (_see_ p. 668) retaliated (955 AH.) by arrow-shooting one of Muḥ. Sl. Mīrzā's sons. This was done when Shāh Muḥ. was crossing Mīnār-pass on his return journey from sharing Humāyūn's exile in Persia (_see_ Jauhar).—(3) Hājī Muḥ. Khān _Kūkī_ and Shāh Muḥammad Khān appear to have been sons of Bābā Qashqa and nephews of "Kūkī" (_supra_). They were devoted servants of Humāyūn but were put to death by him in 958 AH.-1551 AD. (cf. Erskine's _H. of I. Humāyūn_).—(4) About the word _Kūkī_ dictionaries afford no warrant for taking it to mean foster-brother (_kokah_). Chīngīz Khān had a beg known as Kūk or Kouk (or Gūk) and one of his own grandsons used the same style. It may link the Bābā Qashqā group with the Chīngīz Khānid Kūkī, either as descendants or as hereditary adherents, or as both. (_See_ Abū'l-ghāzī's _Shajarat-i-Turk_, trs. Désmaisons, Index _s.n._ _Kouk_ and also its accounts of the origin of several tribal groups.)

P. 416.—The line quoted by `Abdu'l-lāh is from the _Anwār-i-suhailī_,