PART III. THE ERA OF WAGNER

XI. WAGNER AND WAGNERISM 401

Periods of operatic reform; Wagner’s early life and works--Paris: _Rienzi_, “The Flying Dutchman”--Dresden: _Tannhäuser_ and _Lohengrin_; Wagner and Liszt; the revolution of 1848--_Tristan_ and _Meistersinger_--Bayreuth; “The Nibelungen Ring”--_Parsifal_--Wagner’s musico-dramatic reforms; his harmonic revolution; the _leit-motif_ system--The Wagnerian influence.

XII. NEO-ROMANTICISM: JOHANNES BRAHMS AND CÉSAR FRANCK 443

The antecedents of Brahms--The life and personality of Brahms--The idiosyncrasies of his music in rhythm, melody, and harmony as expressions of his character--His works for pianoforte, for voice, and for orchestra; the historical position of Brahms--Franck’s place in the romantic movement--His life, personality, and the characteristics of his style; his works as the expression of religious mysticism.

XIII. VERDI AND HIS CONTEMPORARIES 477

Verdi’s mission in Italian opera--His early life and education--His first operas and their political significance--His second period: the maturing of his style--Crowning achievements of his third period--Verdi’s contemporaries.

A NARRATIVE HISTORY OF MUSIC