PART II. BEGINNINGS

V. THE AGE OF PLAIN-SONG 128

Music in the Roman empire--Sources of early Christian music; the hymns of St. Ambrose--Hebrew traditions--Psalmody, responses, antiphons; the liturgy; the Gregorian tradition; the antiphonary and the gradual; sequences and tropes--Ecclesiastical modes; early notation.

VI. THE BEGINNINGS OF POLYPHONY 160

The third dimension in music--'Antiphony’ and Polyphony; magadizing; organum and diaphony, parallel and oblique--Guido d’Arezzo and his reputed inventions; solmisation; progress of notation--Johannes Cotto and the _Ad organum faciendum_; contrary motion and the beginning of true polyphony--Measured music; mensural notation--_Faux-bourdon_, _gymel_; forms of mensural composition.

VII. SECULAR MUSIC IN THE MIDDLE AGES 186

Popular music; fusion of secular and ecclesiastical spirit; Paganism and Christianity; the epic--Folksong; early types in France, _complainte_, narrative song, dance song; Germany and the North; occupational songs--Vagrant musicians; jongleurs, minstrels; the love song--Troubadours and Trouvères; Adam de la Halle--The Minnesinger; the Meistersinger; influence on Reformation and Renaissance.