Part 10

Sparring, the exercise of recommended, 52 weight reduced during an hour, 55

Salads, 167

Soup, how to season, 163 Mock Turtle, 206 of Rattle Snakes, 214 Portable, to make, 249

Sun-shine preferred by Dr. Franklin to Candle-light, 75

Stock Fish, recommended by Dr. Mandeville, 207

Skin, the, 125

Sherry, the contents of a Butt of, 130 analysed for the Editor, 138 Obs. on, 154

Scotch and Irish Whiskey, 149

Soda Water, various ways of making, 245 Obs. on, 167

Stomach Warmers, where to be had, 158 how much it will hold, note under, 158 must occasionally have a Holiday, 163 centre of Sympathy, 165 Wind in the, 173 put out of temper by fasting too long, 182 Dr. Hunter says, tells the Head what it wants, 200 Dr. Smith Do., 201 Dr. Adair Do., 201 let it have what it asks for, 203 Dr. Whytt's Obs. on how much its disposition, &c. varies, 204 of Invalids require screwing up, 208 Cheyne's Obs. on the importance of a clean one, 216

Stomachic Tinctures, 244

Spice and Wine, 207

Spasms in Stomach, how to manage, 173, 189

Smith, Mr., his 60 sorts of Lozenges, 234

Stewart, John, the traveller, his Obs. on Clothes, 106 Do. on the Senses, 257

Spallanzani quoted, 258

Sweet Wines, 154

Tar Water, 242

Temperature, to preserve that of a room regular, 115 best for sitting rooms, 116 the influence of in alleviating Disease, 94 the mean of England, 108 Observations, &c., 113

Thermometers, where to be placed, 105

Tent Wine, 154

Training, Captain Barclay's Obs. on, 3 Do. quoted, 7 principal rules for, 7 rules, 9 Diet ordered, 10 time required to screw a Man up to his fullest strength, 14 Criterions of Good Condition, 15 first preparation for, 18 on the mode of Cookery, &c. most invigorating, 25 Food must be taken warm, 26 Do., and thoroughly done, 27 John Hunter's Obs. on Do., 27 Spallanzani, experiment to prove it, 27 diet in wasting a Jockey, 29

Teeth, to take care of, 260 the value of, 261 Food for those whose Teeth are defective, 263 Preservers, 264 Ache, remedy for, 265

Tic Douloureux, 264

Tewahdiddle, 89

Tongue of Pityllus, 210

Time, the Economy of, 69

Tonic Medicines, 182, 219 Tincture, 242

Toast and Water, to make, 230

Tablettes de Bouillon, how to make, 251

Thriving, the art of, quoted, 255

Valetudinarians, maxim for, from Comus, 72

Vegetables, undressed, 171

Voice, when the falsetto begins to fail, 47 what the power of depends upon, 99

Ventriloquism, 173, 200

Vinum Britannicum, 144

Wadd on Corpulency, 29

Waistbands, 111

Walking, how it reduces weight, 62

Water-Cresses, 171

Water-drinking, the advantages of, 147

Weather, wet, 108

Wesley, Mr. Chas., his extraordinary Ear, 47

Windows, Double, 91 Curtains, 91

Wine, 127 ounces in a Quart of, 128 how to measure the contents of a bottle of, 128, 129 Port, how old it ought to be, 132 the art of preserving, 133 White, why preferable to Red, 133, 153 when to bottle, 133 New, objection to, 135 Do. to make old, 136 Cornaro, Obs. on old, 136 proportion of Alcohol in, 138 Do. to Brandy, 138 Do. in Gin, 139 recommended by St. Paul, 143 Iceing Wine, 143 no man must drink it habitually before 30, 147 Do. Dr. Trotter's Obs. on, 147 silly rule of some people about drinking, 148 the relative wholesomeness of, 151 only three sorts of Wine, note under, 151 three sorts of drinkers, 141 Sweet Wines, Tent, &c., how made, 154 Vinum Britannicum, 144 Writers on, a list of, 154

Whiskey, 149

Wind in the Stomach, 173

Whytt, Dr., quoted, 181 his case of night-mare, 194

Wholesomes, the, 207

Worms, remedies for, 240

Young, his Obs. on Sleep, 65

THE END.

J. MOYES, GREVILLE STREET, LONDON.

FOOTNOTES:

[1] The advantages of the training system are not confined to pedestrians and pugilists alone--they extend to every man; and were training generally introduced instead of medicines, as an expedient for the prevention and cure of diseases, its beneficial consequences would promote his happiness and prolong his life. "Our Health, Vigour, and Activity, must depend upon regimen and exercise; or, in other words, upon the observance of those rules which constitute the theory of the training process."--CAPT. BARCLAY _on Training_, p. 239.

"It has been made a question, whether Training produces a _lasting_, or only a _temporary_ effect on the constitution? It is undeniable, that if a man be brought to a better condition; if corpulency, and the impurities of his body disappear; and if his wind and strength be improved by any process whatever, his good state of health will continue, until some derangement of his frame shall take place from accidental or natural causes. If he shall relapse into intemperance, or neglect the means of preserving his health, either by omitting to take the necessary exercise, or by indulging in debilitating propensities, he must expect such encroachments to be made on his constitution, as must soon unhinge his system. But if he shall observe a different plan--the beneficial effects of the training process will remain until the gradual decay of his natural functions shall, in mature old age, intimate the approach of his dissolution."--CAPT. BARCLAY _on Training_, p. 240.

[2] See the 338th aphorism in COULTON'S _Lacon_. 1820. 5th Edition.

[3] "Besides his usual or regular Exercise, a person under training ought to employ himself, in the intervals, in every kind of exertion which tends to activity, such as cricket, bowls, throwing quoits, &c. that during the whole day, both body and mind may be constantly occupied."--CAPT. BARCLAY _on Training_, p. 231.

"The nature of the disposition of the person trained should also be known, that every cause of irritation may be avoided; for, as it requires great patience and perseverance to undergo training, every expedient to soothe and encourage the mind should be adopted."--CAPT. BARCLAY _on Training_, p. 237.

[4] Forty years ago, Balls, &c. used to begin in the Evening, _i. e._ at seven, and end at Night, _i. e._ twelve; now it is _extremely ungenteel_ to begin before Midnight, or finish till the Morning.

[5] "The Studious, the Contemplative, the Valetudinary, and those of weak nerves--if they aim at Health and Long Life, must make Exercise in a good air, a part of their Religion."--CHEYNE _on Long Life_, p. 98.

"Whenever circumstances would permit, I have recommended patients to take as much exercise as they could, short of producing fatigue; to live much in the open air; and, if possible, not to suffer their minds to be agitated by anxiety or fatigued by exertion."--p. 90.

"I do not allow the state of the weather to be urged as an objection to the prosecution of measures so essential to Health, since it is in the power of every one to protect themselves from cold by clothing, and the exercise may be taken in a chamber with the windows thrown open, by actively walking backwards and forwards, as sailors do on ship-board."--p. 93. See ABERNETHY'S _Surgical Observations_. 1817.

[6] One of the invariable consequences of training is to increase the solidity, and diminish the frequency of the alvine exoneration, and persons become costive as they improve in condition:--if this disposition takes place to an inconvenient degree,--see _Peptic Precepts_, _Index_.

[7] "Animal Food being composed of the most nutritious parts of the food on which the animal lived, and having been already digested by the proper organs of an animal--requires only solution and mixture--whereas vegetable food must be converted into a substance of an animal nature by the proper action of our own viscera, and consequently requires more labour of the stomach, and other digestive organs."--BURTON _on the Non-Naturals_, p. 213.

[8] The following was the Food taken by Capt. Barclay in his most extraordinary walk of 1000 miles in 1000 successive hours, June 1, 1809. "He _Breakfasted_ after returning from his walk, at five in the morning. He ate a roasted Fowl, and drank a pint of strong Ale, and then took two cups of Tea with Bread and Butter.

"He _Lunched_ at twelve; the one day on Beef Steaks, and the other on Mutton Chops, of which he ate a considerable quantity.

"He _Dined_ at six, either on Roast Beef, or Mutton Chops. His drink was Porter, and two or three glasses of wine.

"He _Supped_ at eleven, on a cold fowl. He ate such vegetables as were in season; and the quantity of Animal food he took daily, was from five to six pounds."--See _Pedestrianism_, p. 6.

"_His style of Walking is_ to bend forward the body, and to throw its weight on the knees. His step is short, and his feet are raised only a few inches from the ground. Any person who will try this plan, will find that his pace will be quickened, at the same time he will walk with more ease to himself, and be better able to endure the fatigue of a long journey, than by walking in a posture perfectly erect, which throws too much of the weight of the body on the ankle-joints. He always uses thick-soled shoes, and lamb's wool stockings. It is a good rule to shift the stockings frequently during the performance of a long distance; but it is indispensably requisite to have shoes with thick soles, and so large, that all unnecessary pressure on the feet may be avoided."--p. 208.

[9] "According to the force of the Chylopoetic Organs, a larger or less quantity of Chyle may be abstracted from the same quantity of Food."--ARBUTHNOT _on Aliment_, p. 24.

[10] "Nothing comes to perfection under a stated period of growth; and till it attains this, it will, of course, afford inferior nutriment. Beef and Mutton are much easier of digestion, and more nutritious, than Veal or Lamb. If the flesh of Mutton and Lamb, Beef and Veal, are compared, they will be found of a different texture, the two young meats of a more stringy indivisible nature than the others, which makes them harder of digestion."--_Domestic Management_, 12mo. 1813. p. 151.

[11] "_A 40 Winks Nap_," in an Horizontal posture, is the most reviving preparative for any great exertion of either the Mind or the Body;--to which it is as proper an _Overture_ as it is a _Finale_.--See _Siesta_, Index.

[12] "Few persons, even in the best health, can, without disgust, bear to be confined to a peculiar food, or way of living, for any length of time, (which is a strong argument that variety of food is natural to mankind); and if so,--the debilitated stomachs of Valetudinarians cannot be expected to be less fastidious."--FALCONER _on Diet_, p. 8.

[13] "It appears from my experiments, that _boiled_, and _roasted_, and even _putrid_ meat, is easier of digestion than _raw_."--See J. HUNTER _on the Animal Economy_, p. 220.

[14] "Newmarket affords abundant proofs, how much may be done by training; Jockies sometimes reduce themselves a Stone and a half in a week."--WADD _on Corpulency_, 8vo. 1816.--p. 35.

[15] "A Dog was fed on the _Richest Broth_, yet could not be kept alive; while another, which had only the _Meat boiled to a Chip_, (and water), throve very well. This shows the folly of attempting to nourish Men by concentrated Soups, Jellies, &c."--SINCLAIR'S _Code of Health_.

If this experiment be accurate--what becomes of the theoretic visions of those who have written about Strengthening Jellies, Nourishing Broths, &c.?

[16] "The excesses of our Youth, are drafts upon our old Age, payable with interest, about twenty years after date."--COLTON'S _Lacon_. 5th Edition, 1820. p. 51.

[17] The Teeth are renewed at the 7th year. Puberty arrives at twice seven 14. Full stature at three times seven 21. The vigour of growth at four times seven 28. The greatest vigour of Body and Mind at five times seven 35. The commencement of decay at six times seven 42. General Decay, and decrease of energy, at seven times seven 49. Old Age at eight times seven 56. And the grand climacteric of the Ancients at nine times seven 63.

Dr. JAMESON _on the Changes of the Human Body_, p. 31.

[18] "Cornaro found that as the powers of his stomach declined with the powers of Life in general, that it was necessary that he should diminish the quantity of his food; and by so doing, he retained to the last the feelings of Health."--ABERNETHY'S _Surg. Obs._ p. 71.

[19] And for Culinary Operators from 25 to 40. Before the former, they can hardly accumulate sufficient experience; and after the latter, they every day lose a portion of their "_bon goût_" and activity.

[20] See his sensible Essay on the Changes of the Human Body at different Ages. 8vo. 1811.--p. 89.

[21] "The Pulse in the new-born Infant, while placidly sleeping, is about 140 in a minute. Towards the end of the first Year 124 Towards the end of the second Year 110 Towards the end of the third and fourth Years 96 When the first Teeth drop out 86 At Puberty 80 At Manhood 75 At Sixty, about 60"

BLUMENBACH'S _Physiology_, p. 40.

The expectations of Life are thus calculated by De Moivre--Subtract the age of the person from 86, half the remainder will be the expectation of that Life.

[22] See the history of a case of Spectacles, &c. in page 61 of Dr. KITCHINER'S _Practical Observations on Telescopes, Opera Glasses, &c._--Third Edition.

[23] "In proportion as the powers of the Stomach are weak, so ought we to diminish the quantity of our food, and take care that it be as nutritive, and as easy of digestion as possible."--ABERNETHY'S _Surgical Observations_, p. 67.

[24] "Nothing is a greater Enemy to feeble life, than laying aside old habits--or leaving a climate, or place, to which one has been long accustomed: the irritation occasioned by such changes is highly prejudicial.

"Even pernicious habits, insalubrious air, &c. must be abandoned with great caution--or we shall thereby hasten the end of our Patient."--STRUVE'S _Asthenology_, p. 398.

[25] "Those who have lived longest, have been persons without either Avarice or Ambition, enjoying that tranquillity of Soul, which is the source of the happiness and health of our early days--and strangers to those torments of mind which usually accompany more advanced years, and by which the Body is wasted and consumed."--_Code of Health_, vol. i. p. 60-63, &c.

"In the return made by Dr. ROBERTSON, (and published by Sir JOHN SINCLAIR, in the 164th page of the second volume of the Appendix to his Code of Health,) from Greenwich Hospital, of 2410 In-Pensioners, ninety-six--_i. e._ about one-twenty-fifth are beyond eighty--thirteen beyond ninety--and one beyond one hundred. They almost all used _Tobacco_--and most of them acknowledged the habit of _Drinking_ freely. Some of them had _no teeth_ for twenty years--and fourteen only had good ones--one who was one hundred and thirteen years old, had lost all his Teeth upwards of thirty years.

"The organ of _Vision_ was impaired in about one-half--that of _Hearing_ in only one-fifth: this may be accounted for--the _Eye_ is a more delicate organ than the _Ear_--and the least deterioration of its action is more immediately observed.--Of the _ninety-six_ they almost all had been married, and _four_ of them after eighty years of age--only nine were Batchelors--this is a strong argument in favour of Matrimony.

"_The Best Ages for Marriage_, all other circumstances being favourable, are between the eighteenth and twenty-fifth year for Females, and between the twenty-fifth and thirty-sixth for Males. The body is then in the most complete state to propagate a healthy Offspring--the Ages when the prolific powers begin to cease in both sexes will nearly correspond--and the probable expectation of Life will be sufficiently long, for parents to provide for their children."--JAMESON _on the Human Body_, p. 336.

[26] "Regular and sufficient Sleep, serves on the one hand, for repairing the lost powers, and on the other, for lessening consumption, by lessening vital activity. Hence the lives of people who are exposed to the most debilitating fatigue, are prolonged to a considerable age, when they enjoy Sleep in its fullest extent."--STRUVE'S _Asthenology_, 8vo. 1801, p. 199.

[27] "It is a perfect barbarism to awake any one, when Sleep, that "balm of hurt minds," is exerting its benign influence, and the worn body is receiving its most cheering restorative."--_Hints for the Preservation of Health_, 12mo.

[28] In high Health seven or eight hours will complete this refreshment, and hence arises the false inference drawn from an observation probably just, that long-lived persons are always early risers: not that early rising makes them long-lived, but that people in the highest vigour of Health are naturally early risers--- because they sleep more soundly, and all that repose can do for them, is done in less time, than with those who sleep less soundly. A disposition to lie in Bed beyond the usual hour, generally arises from some derangement of the Digestive Organs.--_Hints for the Preservation of Health_, p. 32.

[29] The best Fire-feeder is a pair of Steak Tongs.

[30] The method taken to tame unruly Colts, &c. is to walk them about the whole of the night previous to attempting to break them:--want of Sleep speedily subdues the spirit of the wildest, and the strength of the strongest creatures, and renders savage animals tame and tractable.

[31] In Vienna, Berlin, Paris, and London, the twentieth or twenty-third person dies annually; while, in the Country around them, the proportion is only one in thirty or forty; in remote country villages, from one in forty to one in fifty--the smallest degree of human mortality on record is one in sixty.

[32] "When warm with Hope, in Life's aspiring morn, The Tints of Fancy every scene adorn, The glowing landscape charms the poet's view, And Youth believes the fairy prospect true. But soon, Experience proves his Eye betray'd, And all the picture darkens into shade."

FITZGERALD.

_Beautifully Set to Music by_ SHIELD, _and printed in his Cento._

[33] "Above all,--it is of essential importance to Health, to preserve the tranquillity of the mind,--and not to sink under the disappointments of life, to which all, but particularly the old, are frequently exposed.--Nothing ought to disturb the mind of an individual who is conscious of having done all the good in his power."--SINCLAIR'S _Code of Health_, p. 459.

"Nothing hurts more the nervous System, and particularly the concoctive powers, than fear, grief, or anxiety."--WHYTT on _Nerves_, p. 349.

"I shall add to my list, as _the eighth deadly sin_, that of ANXIETY OF MIND; and resolve not to be pining and miserable, when I ought to be grateful and happy."--Sir THOMAS BARNARD, Bt. _on the Comforts of Old Age_, p. 135.

"Anguish of mind has driven thousands to suicide; anguish of body, none.

"This proves that the health of the Mind, is of far more consequence to our happiness than the health of the Body;--both are deserving of much more attention than either of them receive."--COULTON'S _Lacon_. 1820, p. 240.

[34] "Sleep is _sound_--_sweet_--and _refreshing_, according as the alimentary organs are _easy_, _quiet_, and _clean_."--CHEYNE _on Long Life_, p. 79.

[35] "The _Grog_ on board a ship is generally one Spirit and three waters--this is too strong."--See the Hon. JOHN COCHRANE'S _Seaman's Guide_, 8vo. 1797, p. 37.

[36] If they are not extremely well made, by a superior workman--and of seasoned Wood,--they are of little or no use.

[37] "_Cold_ Drink is an enemy to Concoction, and the parent of Crudities."--_Essay on Warm Beer_, 8vo. p. 15.

[38] To make BEEF TEA.--Cut a pound of lean gravy Meat into thin slices,--put it into a quart and half a pint of cold water, set it over a gentle fire where it will become gradually warm--when the scum rises catch it, cover the saucepan close, and let it continue boiling for about two hours,--skim the fat off, strain it through a sieve or napkin, skim it again--let it stand ten minutes to settle, and then pour off the clear Tea.

To make half a pint of _Beef Tea_ in five minutes for three halfpence, see (No. 252),--and to make good _Mutton Broth_ for nothing, (No. 490), of _the third Edition_ of the "COOK'S ORACLE."

N.B. An Onion, and a few grains of Black Pepper, are sometimes added. If the meat is boiled till it is thoroughly tender, mince it, and pound it as directed in (No. 503) OF THE COOK'S ORACLE, and you may have a dish of _Potted Beef_ for the trouble of making it.

[39] Brandy and _Liqueur_ Merchant, No. 2, Colonnade, Pall Mall.

[40] Thermometers intended to give the temperature of Rooms, should be so placed as to be equally removed from the radiant heat of the Fire--and from currents of Air from the Door.

Out of Doors they should be in a northern situation, sheltered from Sunshine, or reflected Heat, &c.

[41] The following _Observations_ on Clothing, are copied from the life of John Stewart, the Traveller, printed for Egerton, 1813, p. 9.--"I clothed myself at all times very warm, and by buttoning and unbuttoning I could accommodate to the sudden change of climate and season, and preserved thereby that equilibre of the secretions and excrements on which Health and Life depends; for clothing forms a factitious heat, as a substitute to the muscular heat, declining with age or sickness; on which action of heat vitality and all the other functions of vital organism depend."

[42] THE BEST SLIPPERS are a pair of old shoes--_the worst_, those of plaited cloth--which make the feet tender--and are a hotter covering for them in the House--than you give them when you go out.

[43] "Only Fools and Beggars suffer from Cold, the latter not being able to procure sufficient clothes, the former not having the sense to wear them."--BOERHAAVE.

[44] "Narrow sleeves are a very great check on the muscular exercise of the Arms--the Waistcoat, in its present fashionable form, may be very properly termed a strait one. The Waistcoat should be long enough to cover the breeches two or three inches all round. The wrists and knees, but more particularly the latter, are braced with ligatures, or tight buttoning; and the Legs, which require the utmost freedom of motion, are secured into leathern cases or Boots--though the wearer perhaps is never mounted on Horseback.

"To complete the whole, as the _Head_ is confined by a tight Hat, but rarely suited to its natural shape, so in regard to shoes the shape of the foot and the easy expansion of the Toes are never consulted--but the shape regulated by the fashion of the Day, however tight and uncomfortable."--SINCLAIR'S _Code of Health_, 4th Edit. p. 357.

[45] "Those who do not take a sufficient quantity of EXERCISE--soon suffer from a number of Disorders,--want of Appetite--want of Sleep--flatulence, &c. &c. Obstruction--relaxation of the Bowels--and all the diversified symptoms of Nervous Complaints. Men of Letters suffer much, and from neglecting to take Exercise, are often the most unhealthy of human beings--even that Temperance by which many of them are distinguished, is no effectual remedy against the mischiefs of a sedentary life, which can only be counteracted by a proper quantity of Exercise and Air."