CHAPTER XIX

Anecdotes and Adventures

If history is rightly called the practical illustration of philosophy, then the quarry-book may be considered with justice the tangible test of the falconer's theories. In many cases a handful of experience is worth a cart-load of advice; and a trainer who has lost a valuable hawk by treating her in a bad way is not likely to forget in a hurry how bad that system proved. Some entertaining and very instructive anecdotes may be found scattered about in the old books, and more especially in that of Charles d'Arcussia, Lord of Esparron and Revest, the Italian who was falconer to Louis XIII., and was honoured by him with special favour. This treatise, which is difficult to procure, is well worth perusal, not only for the descriptions contained in it of remarkable flights, but for the sound sense of many of the precepts given. Between the French and Italian schools of falconry, as of fencing, a sort of friendly rivalry existed; and the Italian, who had become a Frenchman, may be said, in a way, to have represented both.

Coming to more modern times, a great many interesting details of a historical and anecdotal kind are given in the works already mentioned, published during the last fifty or sixty years, beginning with the fine illustrated volume of Schlegel and Wulverhorst, and including the new edition of Mr. J. E. Harting's _Hints_. Without going over any of the ground covered by these writers, I propose to add a few notes of actual experiences within the memory of man. For most of these I am indebted to the kindness of brother-falconers, who have supplied them at some trouble to themselves, and whom I desire to thank heartily for their friendly aid.

The powers of a trained peregrine are severely tested by a first-rate house-pigeon, which is one of the fastest of flying things, shifts well, and lives usually in fine condition, taking plenty of exercise. Adrian Möllen told me that a fellow-countryman of his, vilipending his passage hawks which he was then training for the campaign at herons at the Loo, offered to bet that three of his own pigeons would beat any hawk Möllen could produce. As the hawks were not Möllen's, and it is always quite on the cards that a flight at a fast pigeon may result in the loss of the hawk, the falconer had to ask leave before accepting the bet. The king's brother, who then represented the Loo Club in Holland, readily gave permission, and, I think, also offered to pay if the hawk lost. Anyhow, a day was fixed, and a small party assembled on the most open part of the Loo. The falconer had stipulated that he should give the signal for the release of the pigeons by the owner. His fastest falcon was then put on the wing, and as she waited on Möllen gave the word. The pigeon started; the hawk stooped, and, after a good flight, killed. She was allowed to eat the brain, and the rest of the pelt was thrown to the disconcerted fancier. A second pigeon was then prepared. The hawk again waited on, and the signal was again given. This time, however, the pigeon was taken at the first stoop. "Out with your third pigeon," cried Möllen, elated with the double victory. But the countryman elected to pay, and not to play. "My third gold piece is lost anyhow," he sadly remarked. "Better pay my money, and save my remaining pigeon, than find I have to lose both."

The statement that a peregrine cutting down a grouse or partridge without binding kills it "stone-dead" in the air, is doubtless occasionally true. But to suppose that this is a common occurrence would be a great mistake. Much more often the partridge is stunned or dazed, the wing broken, or the back or neck dislocated. But the force with which a game-bird comes down when hit in the air is often very great, and enough in itself to almost fatally bruise it. I have mentioned that a falcon of Major Fisher's knocked down a grouse on fairly level ground which, so great was the impact, rebounded from the earth, and came down again fifteen yards from the place where it first fell. Larks and other birds often dash themselves hard against the ground in shifting downwards from the stoop, and bound up again like balls.

Peregrines, when on their day and intent on killing, will sometimes do more execution than would readily be believed. Not very long ago a tiercel stooped at a covey, cut down a bird, and threw up with the intention of descending to seize the victim. But at the height to which his impetus had carried him up he was right above the remainder of the covey, which was speeding away at a short distance above the ground. Changing his mind, therefore, the tiercel stooped again at one of the fugitives. He cut this down also, and shot up again, likewise over the retreating birds. For a second time the temptation proved too great, and with a third stoop he took a third partridge.

John Barr was flying a ger-tiercel at a pigeon on Epsom Downs, not far from Tattenham Corner. But the hawk was no match for the pigeon, which evaded all his stoops. Instead, however, of making off and thanking his lucky stars, this over-vain bird stayed fooling around. Confident that the ger would not or could not catch him, he sailed about, as if "chaffing" the big hawk and challenging him to do his worst. At this moment an amateur falconer came on the Downs by the Grand Stand, carrying a falcon (peregrine) of by no means first-rate powers, but keen to fly, and a good waiter on. Getting on to the open ground, this gentleman threw off his falcon. But neither he nor his falcon at first saw the pigeon, nor did the latter, intent on his game with the ger, espy the distant foe. Thus the hawk had time to get up some way before there was any suspicion on either side that there was sport to be had. As soon as the falcon did cast eyes on the inadvertent pigeon, she fortunately went up higher, instead of starting in pursuit, as some eyesses would have done. As she got to a pretty good pitch the pigeon at last became aware that there was a second enemy in the field, or rather in the air, and began to gird up his loins for flight in bitter earnest. It was, however, now too late. The falcon towered far above, and on the other side was the "allied power," the ger. Another ten seconds and the falcon came down with a will, threw up, and at the second shot did for the too imprudent joker. The amateur had the laugh at John Barr for some days afterwards, having "wiped his ger's eye" with a peregrine.

Mr. Riley, who has had so much success with the short-winged hawks, had thrown off a goshawk at a rabbit, which ran past some old hollow pollard ashes. As he passed, out jumped a fox and joined in the chase. This, however, boded no great good for the hawk; and her owner raised so unearthly a noise that reynard turned aside into the fence just as the goshawk took the rabbit only two or three yards away. On another occasion a rabbit was ferreted out by the side of a mill-pool. The ferret was close on his traces, and he jumped deliberately into the pool and swam across. Mr. Riley, who, like a good austringer, loves fair play above all things, thought it a shame to fly a wet rabbit, and would not throw off his goshawk. However, when the rabbit was on dry land he went so well that Mr. Riley let the hawk go. The rabbit was caught; and when he was taken from the hawk he was found to be quite dry! But whether his wet skin had been dried up by terror or by the violence of his exertions, or how else, is a mystery still unsolved. One day, having had bad luck with partridges, Sir Tristram, owned and trained by the same gentleman, was indulged with a pigeon. The big pointer included in the party, and which was a great ally of the goshawk, was at the time roaming about. As the hawk was pluming the pigeon on the ground, the dog came romping along. But when he had accidentally got within eight yards of Sir Tristram, the latter left his meal, and, flying straight for the pointer, gave him a good sound box on the ear, which sent him flying, the hawk then returning, well satisfied, to his food.

Hawks have been known to kill quarry with a leash and swivel still attached to their jesses. I have known a merlin with a long leash on follow a lark up in rings several hundred feet high, but she could not get on terms with him. What is, however, perhaps still more astonishing, I have seen a merlin with a whole dead lark in her foot pursue and strike down one that was uninjured. I was with a friend in a very open place. Each of us had a merlin to fly; and we walked different ways. My chance came first; and the lark, after a flight of moderate length, was taken under some open railings surrounding a dry pond. Hardly was this flight over, and the hawk beginning to plume her lark, when my friend's hawk started after a lark from the opposite side of the pond. This lark happened also to make for the same place--not that the railings were at all likely to save him, but because he thought he could dodge round and round the posts and under the bars, and so put off the fatal moment. Larks seem often to think that any shelter is better than none at all. Accordingly, round and round the rails this second lark twisted and turned, passing sometimes within a yard or two of the place where my hawk stood on her dead lark watching the fun. The other hawk meanwhile made shot after shot, but could not foot her quarry. "She"--that was the name of my merlin--looked on more and more excitedly. At last she could stand it no longer, but getting up, dead lark and all, she mounted a bit and stooped. As the lark was diving underneath a rail she hit it, first shot, with a resounding whack--not with her feet, for they were both encumbered by the dead quarry, but with the dead quarry itself! The lark was, of course, not held, but projected forwards and downwards about three feet to the ground; and before he could get up again the other hawk was on him.

I was flying the same hawk in a very big stubble-field. A lark got up--a ground lark, but a fast one--and away they went, zigzagging along the surface of the field. They had gone a long way, but not far enough to be out of sight, when they both suddenly vanished. Running up, I found a deep depression in the ground, where years ago a big pit had been dug. This accounted for the disappearance. But what had happened after that? If the lark had been taken, where was he? And where was his captor? A small heap of dry sticks at the bottom of the hollow was searched in vain. There seemed to be no other hiding-place. At length a tiny hole was seen--the mouth of a rabbit-burrow. And out of this, in another half-minute, emerged the little hawk. The lark had gone in, and she after it, but after some groping about in the dark had failed to find the wily fugitive.

Only a few days afterwards the sister of this hawk started after a first-rate ringing lark. Both of them went out of sight, drifting at a great height towards a village a mile off. We ran towards it at our best pace, fearing some disaster; but when half-way to it saw the hawk coming back to the lure. Well, we were glad enough that she had not killed in any cottage garden, and, taking her back up-wind, went on with the day's programme. As it was getting dark we had to walk through the same village on the way home. "Did you find your 'awk?" asked a cottager. "What hawk?" "Why, one of your 'awks chased a lark into the passage o' th' public there, and would a' caught 'im too, only there was a cat in the passage up and grabbed the lark before the 'awk was on 'im; and the 'awk looked as savage as thunder, and 'ooked it out, and went over there where you come from."

Bee Cottage stands desolate in a very big valley, with hills sloping gradually down to it on almost all sides. A ringing lark, with a merlin close at his heels, got within reach of this shelter from above the hillside to windward, and shot down to it like a bullet, with the hawk a few yards behind. It was too far to see from the hillside where, but he put in somewhere on the premises. A diligent search, however, in hedge, bush, coal-shed, and everywhere, led to no result. The door was shut and locked: so were the windows. No one seemed to have lived in the place for months. More searching, without any sign of lark or hawk. Yet they undoubtedly came down here, and never came out again. Outside, they could have been seen anywhere for half a mile. At last I saw that there was a small pane of glass gone in one of the downstair windows. Through that opening I looked; and there sat my lady, with a fluffy heap round her feet. So far, so good. But the room was full of bees, some dead, and some alive! What was to be done?

Colonel Sanford owned, hacked, and trained a very first-rate merlin called Orkney, which killed no less than ten larks in a single day in single flights, thus surpassing Queen, which took nine in single flights and one in double. This Orkney, after a very long flight, put a lark into a flock of sheep. But she marked the exact spot, underneath a sheep, where the fugitive stopped, and, taking perch on a neighbouring wether, kept her eye on the place. The sheep moved on, leaving the ground clear; and Orkney jumped as nearly as she could guess on the right spot. She failed, however, to grab the lark, which got up again and promptly took refuge under another sheep. Again the little hawk took stand on the next bleater, marking still more carefully the hiding-place of the quarry. Again the animals walked on, and this time perseverance was rewarded, and the lark was carried in triumph from the woolly protectors which had so nearly saved him. The same hawk once drove a lark into a small hole where she could see nothing of him but the tail. After some reflection she put in her beak and grasped steadily the feathers of the tail. Then with an unhurried pull she drew him far enough out of the hole to be able to get at him with her foot.

The best hawk I ever had was the merlin Eva. She was never beaten in fair flight by any lark during the whole of the moulting season; and she killed one (fully moulted, of course) as late as 7th November. One day she mounted an immense height after a ringing lark, bested him, and had had three shots, when a wild merlin joined in. After this the two hawks flew in concert just as if they had been trained in the same stable. Stoop for stoop, in regular alternations, they worked this plucky lark down by a few yards at each shift, neither I nor James Retford, who was running with me, being able to distinguish which was which. At last, when the lark had been driven down to within about 300 feet of the ground, there were two fine stoops in quick succession, the second of which was fatal. "Which is it?" I gasped, inquiring of the experienced falconer. "The wild one," I think, he answered, sinking down breathless on the down. It was not, though. The wild hawk, furious, turned away, and, to vent her rage, made a savage shot at the ears of a hare which happened at the moment to be running along the valley; while Eva, descending slowly on the side of the down, had just recovered her breath by the time I got up.

On a second occasion Eva was almost equally high, and still ringing to get above her lark, when she suddenly spread her wings and swerved in her course. At the same moment Major Fisher, who was out on horseback, shouted, "The wild merlin!" But this time Eva was not going to join in any duet. The wild hawk had come up on a much lower level than the trained one had attained, possibly thinking that when Eva had done the hard work of the early stoops she might cut in and reap the benefit. At any rate, Eva was not to be so dealt with. Poising herself like a falcon when the grouse get up, she turned over and came down with every ounce of force she could muster right at the interloper. Of course she did not hit her. The two went off, stooping at one another, and were soon out of sight. Major Fisher rode after them, field-glass in hand, predicting that the wild hawk would chase Eva away. But in less than two minutes he espied a merlin coming back; and the trained hawk, in one long slanting fall from out of sight, descended daintily upon the lure held in her owner's fist.

Queen was a first-rate merlin--sister of Jubilee, and also, though younger by a year, of Tagrag. She started at a ringing lark in a very open place, and it was a case of hard running, for there were no markers out. Before half a mile was covered they were over a sloping brow. By a desperate spurt I reached the ridge, when the hawk was in sight again. The ground sloped downwards for half a mile more; and in the valley, far away, was a sheep-fold, with sheep, shepherd, and a dog. For this fold the quarry was of course making. Anyhow, there would be the shepherd to mark; and a shout might reach even his rather inattentive ear. It was too far to see the hawk as she stooped; but when she threw up, and when she turned over, the sunlight caught the under-surface of her wing or tail, and showed where she was; and the last gleam came from painfully near the sheep. The running was easier downhill; and soon the shepherd was within hail. "Where is the hawk?" Reply inaudible up-wind. Thirty yards farther on the words could be heard, "Gone back where you come from." Then, of course, she had lost the lark--rather luckily, having regard to the dog--and had passed me unnoticed, flying low. Well, the hill must be mounted again and the lure kept going. There, too, is surely a glimpse of Queen herself, just vanishing over the sky-line. She will be gone back to the place where her sister is pegged down. Ten minutes' walking and running, and this place is in sight. But no sign of Queen. Five minutes' more luring, and at last a hawk comes in sight,--not making directly for the lure, however, but hanging about and keeping well away. Strange conduct in this merlin, which rather liked the lure! And now she begins waiting on, and soaring,--a rare amusement with this very practical-minded hawk. Round and round, farther and farther down-wind, away we go, Queen hardly now even looking at the lure. Soon the hawk is too far to keep in sight without very fast running. Had I been fresh, probably I should have run hard. But I was far from fresh. And the behaviour of Queen was very queer.

Suddenly a new idea evolved itself. What if it was not Queen at all, but a wild merlin? It might be well to search a bit, anyhow, where Queen was last seen in her own undoubted personality. Searching, therefore, became the word--rather late in the day. And on a patch of new-ploughed fallow, barely distinguishable from the clods of brown earth, there stood my lady, with a litter of feathers round her, calmly eating the remains of a lark, and wondering what on earth I was about. She had taken the lark with that very last stoop for which I had seen her turn over, at the very edge of the sheep-fold, and, not liking the proximity of the dog, had carried her booty well away, taking the direction from which she had come, as the dog was on the other side. The wild hawk had been too late to join in the flight, but had seen the kill, and had come down perhaps with a vague idea of robbing Queen. Thinking better of any such attempt--which would not have ended pleasantly--she had been inquisitive as to the lure, and thinking the whole affair rather singular, had soared about, waiting to see what would happen next.

Ruy Lopez was a jack which rather fancied himself, and had something in his style of flying of the tactics of a haggard peregrine. That is, he would start in a different direction from the quarry, so that strangers would suppose he had no designs upon it, and afterwards turn and make an immensely long stoop at it all across the air. But on one occasion he had a very close personal experience of the stooping of peregrines. He was lost; and no one knew anything of his whereabouts. It so happened that James and William Retford, Major Fisher's falconers, were out with a pointer and a falcon named Black Lady. The dog stood, but in a queer and rather doubtful way; and Black Lady was thrown off. When she had got to her pitch the men ran in. But instead of partridges, there got up out of the swedes the unexpected shape of Ruy Lopez, he having been quietly discussing there a lark which he had just killed. Down came the falcon, better pleased, as hawks are, at such a chase than one at a mere partridge. And the falconers describe the flight as beyond measure exciting. They thought each stoop would be the last, and declared that the small hawk saved himself several times by a hair's-breadth. At length, however, he got in under a stook of wheat. No doubt the falconers thought it was a near thing. And possibly it was; but as far as my own experience goes, trained peregrines cannot get within a yard of a good trained merlin. I have seen them try; and the merlin has shifted with contemptuous ease. Major Fisher, however, as already mentioned, had a tiercel which made it very hot for a wild merlin, and, as he thinks, very nearly caught it. I have seen one of his eyess tiercels take a kestrel with apparent ease at the first stoop. But that is certainly quite a different matter.

The already long list which has been given of mischances and maladies which beset trained hawks is even yet not complete. In India the wild eagles are a serious nuisance, coming down from the high altitudes at which they soar, and obliging the hawks to shift for their own safety just when they are expected and expecting to give a good account of their own quarry. In England, hawks which are pegged out in any but a quiet private place are exposed to the attack of any chance dog. I do not know that cats will deliberately attack even the smallest jack, either by day or by night. But a tame cat which had gone mad once made an onslaught on the trained peregrines belonging to the O. H. C., and with such ferocity that quite a large number of them died of their wounds. Mr. A. W. Reed, an experienced and enthusiastic amateur falconer, had some very valuable hawks, including a ger and some Eastern varieties, pegged out on a lawn in Essex. A neighbouring householder, being troubled by sparrows, laid down poisoned grain. The sparrows took the grain, and, dying as they flew over the place where the hawks were, fell down on the ground near the blocks. Of course the hawks ate them; and, equally of course, the hawks were poisoned. And, advice being taken, it was considered useless to take proceedings against the offender.

Cases of deliberate hawk-murder are now punishable by law. All falconers are highly indebted to Mr. E. C. Pinckney for having demonstrated this fact conclusively in a local tribunal. He extracted £10 in damages from a neighbour who had shot at and killed his game-hawk, although the latter set up the usual defence, pretending that he was unaware that the hawk was a tame one. The judge held that, as he was aware that his neighbour kept trained hawks, if he shot at one, he did so at his own peril, just as a man would who shot at a house-pigeon or escaped parrot. More lately still, Mr. A. W. Reed has been awarded £5 at the Kingston County Court as damages from a neighbour who had wilfully shot his trained peregrine. The precedents, as far as they go, are most valuable. Unfortunately they do not, of course, go very far. But a falconer will be well advised, having regard to them, to send notices in registered letters, when going into any district, to all such people as are likely to prove mischievous.

INDEX

Acari or mites, 233, 241 Accidents, 225-233 Accipiter badius, 35 " nisus, 34 African falconers, 167 " lanner, 25 " merlin, 28 Ague, 238 Air, taking the, 107, 139 Alexander, Prince, of the Netherlands, 144, 276 Aloes, 81, 237, 240, 241, 252 Alphanet, 25 Anderson, John, falconer, 4, 5 Anne, Major, 7 Antelope, 37 Antennaire, 18 Antiquity of hawking, 1 Apoplexy, 32, 239 Apostume, 239 Arcussia, Charles d'. _See_ D'Arcussia Arm, 19 Asiatic falconers, 2, 7, 36, 103, 234 "Aurora," eyess falcon, 259

Bagged quarry, 29, 93, 135, 154, 199 Bags made by falconers, 129, 140, 146, 158, 159, 211, 232 Ballantine, Peter, falconer, 5 Barachin, M., 7, 38 Barbary, falcon and tiercel, 21, 115 Barr, John, Robert, and William, falconers, 5, 16, 101, 146, 248, 257 Bath, 50, 64, 175, 250, 273 Bating, 76, 77, 82, 152, 154, 273 Beak, 233 Beam feathers, 250 Beaters, 175, 211 Beaufort, Cardinal, 3 Bee Cottage, 279 Bell, 41, 201 Belvallette, M., 7, 11 Bent feathers, 227 Berkute, 37 Berners, Dame Juliana, 7 " Lord, 4 Bert, 7, 243 Besra sparrow-hawk, 35 Bewit, 42 Biddulph, Capt. S., 7 Binding, 19, 30, 127 Birding, 162, 166 Birds used in hawking, 9-32 Bittern, 18 Blackbird, 162-165, 168 Black-game, 116, 125, 129 "Black Lady," eyess falcon, 283 Black-legged falconet, 39 Black shaheen, 20 Blain, 242 "Blanche," eyess sparrow-hawk, 168 Blocking, 20 Blocks, 47, 65 Blome, 131 Blue hawks, 19 Bone, fracture of, 232 Bonelli's eagle, 36-38 Bonham, Colonel, 5 Bots, falconer, 5, 144 _n._ Bow-net, 69, 73 " -perch, 47, 48 Bowse, 19 Box-cadge, 52 Boynton, Sir H., 7, 159 Brace of hood, 49 Brail, 49, 60, 61, 254 Brancher, 18, 55 Brodrick, Mr. W., 6, 101 Brook, hawking at the, 144 Brooksbank, Colonel, 7, 129, 146 Brown, Sir T., 148 Bruise, 233, 243 "Buccaneer," peregrine tiercel, 146 Bustard, 37 Button of leash, 44

Cadge, cadger, 51, 192 Calling off, 90, 177 Carelessness, 213 Carrying, 83, 151, 253 " or lifting, 32, 95, 132, 261 Cassian, of Rhodes, 233 Cast, 20, 145, 273 Casting a hawk, 20, 42, 227 Castings, 46, 77, 152, 189, 235 Cat, 283 Catarrh, 240 Catherine II. of Russia, 3, 132 Champagne Club, 5 Check, 32, 267 Chilian falcon, 22 China, 2, 145 Chinese falconers, 2, 7, 145 Churchmen as falconers, 3 Claws, 20, 242 Clean moulted, 250 Clubs for hawking, 4, 5, 144 Colour of hawks, 258 " jesses, 58, 66 "Comet," eyess falcon, 101 Condition, 77, 91, 132, 136, 142, 210, 235, 252 Coping, 64, 152, 173 Corns, 233, 242 Costume, 84, 225 Country for hawking, 8, 31, 101 Courage, 272, 274 Coursing, 108 Crabbe, Captain, 7 Crabbing, 93, 273 Cramp, 238 Crane, 18, 34 Craye, 242 Creance, 89, 153, 200 Cries of falconers, 110, 122, 126, 127 Croaks, 14, 237 Crow, 18 Crutch for eagles, 36, 48 Cubebes, 241 Curlew, 147 Cutting down, 128

Damp, 172, 238 D'Arcussia, Charles, 3, 8, 16, 25, 35, 39, 128, 275 Daring, 27, 130 Death cry, 110, 127 Deck feathers, 19 Decline of falconry, 3, 4 Decoy hawk, 72, 218 Deplume, 19, 134, 202 Desert falcons, 23, 25 "Destiny," passage tiercel, 143 Dhuleep Singh, H.H. the Maharajah, 7, 13, 257 "Diamond," eyess jack merlin, 208, 209 Diary, 58, 65, 191, 209 Diet, 24, 58, 152, 160, 180, 203, 243 Difficulties of hawking, 4, 8, 132 Disclosing, 18 Disposition of hawks, 55, 67, 171, 256, 261 Distance covered in flights, 113, 138, 148 Docility of hawks, 84 Dogs, 84, 85, 121, 125, 163, 167, 281, 283 Double flights, 113, 140, 143, 144, 145 Down-wind flights, 107, 136 "Drawn," 191, 251 Drooping wing, 232 Duck, 248 " -hawk, 45 " -hawking, 144 Dugmore, Captain, 14

Eagles, 10, 35-39, 182, 186 Eleonora falcon, 25 Endue, 19 "Enid," eyess goshawk, 158 Enseam, 20 Entering, 92-94 "Eva," eyess merlin, 137, 141, 206, 211, 280, 281 Exercise, 99, 132, 181 Eyess, 18, 55-69 Eyrie, 18

"Faerie," eyess sparrow-hawk, 168 Falcon, 9, 11 _n_, 17 Falconer, 81, 170-211 Falconets, 39 Falling evil, 239 Farm-houses, 216 Fat hawks, 91, 185, 239 Feak, 19 Feathers, 19, 56, 58, 191, 225, 231, 244, 252 Feeding hawks, 56, 57, 58, 75, 87, 89, 179-191 Feet, 26, 257 Feilden's falcon, 39 Field-blocks, 48, 105, 193 " -glass, 66, 113 Filanders, 241 Fisher, Major C. Hawkins, 6, 148, 258, 276, 283 Fishing-rod trick, 135 Fist, hawks of the, 92, 150 Flags, 19 Flat wings, 259 Flemings of Barochan, 3 Flight of hawks, 65, 236, 259 Flight feathers, 19, 225 Florican, 18 Fly-catchers, 39 Food, 181, 186, 248 Footing, 13, 99, 123, 132, 260, 274 Formica or mites, 241 Fowls, 58, 82, 157 Fox, 37 Francolin, 18, 25 Frederick II., Emperor, 2, 7 Freeman, Rev. G. E., 6, 128, 141, 188 French falconers, 3, 7 " writers, 7, 11 Frost, John, falconer, 5 Frounce, 240 Furniture, 40-49, 173

"Gaiety Gal," trained goshawk, 159 Game-hawking, 115-129, 194 Gamekeepers, 74 Garlic, 81 Gentle, falcon and tiercel, 19 Ger, falcon and tiercel, 12-16, 115, 277 "Geraint," eyess goshawk, 158 Gervais, M. Paul, 7, 37 Gibbs, Peter, falconer, 162 Gloves for hawking, 53 Golden eagle, 37, 255 " plover, 147 Good and bad hawks, 257 Gorge, 152, 182 " of hawk, 19 Goshawk, 33, 115, 150-159, 198 Greek writers, 1, 2, 7 Green mutes, 235 " plover, 146 Greenland falcon and tiercel, 12 Ground lark, 137 Grouse, 34, 116, 129 "Gulliver," eyess tiercel, 143 Gulls, 6, 94, 142

Hack, 61-69 " bells, 42, 66, 177 " board, 62, 66 " hawks, 61-69 Haggard, 19, 70-86, 158 Halchband, 167 Haller, M. Constantine, 7, 35 Hand of hawk, 19 "Hard" stoops, 15, 128 Hare-hawking, 12, 23, 33, 129, 148, 153-157 Harold, King, 2 Harting, Mr. J. E., 1, 5, 275 "Hawk" and "falcon," 9 " catching, 71 Hawk-houses, 53, 172 " -van, 52, 105 Hawking clubs, 4, 144 _n_ " gloves, 53 Head of hawk, 258 Hedge, 121, 163 Henry the Fowler, 2 " VI., 3 " VIII., 3 Heron-hawking, 5, 18, 23, 33, 141, 143, 156 Herring-gull, 142 "Hey, gar, gar!" 122 Hobby, 26, 130, 181 "Hoo, ha, ha!" 122 Hood, 48, 49, 173 " -shy, 80, 269 Hooding, 48, 78, 81, 192, 226, 273 House-pigeons, 65, 72, 118, 275 "Howit!" falconer's cry, 125 Hume, Mr., 38 Hunger-traces, 56 Huts of hawk-catchers, 71

Iceland falcon and tiercel, 13 Imperial eagle, 38 Imping, 30, 191, 227 " needle, 228 Indian bells, 42 " falconers, 103, 236 " hoods, 49 " merlin, 28 Inflammation of the crop, 240 Intermewed hawks, 19 "Isolt," eyess female goshawk, 158 Italian falconers, 7 " writers, 7, 167

Jack or male merlin, 28 Jackdaw, 147 James I. of England, 3 " IV. of Scotland, 3 Japanese falconers, 7, 39 Javanese falcon, 22 Jay, 33 Jess, 41 Join, 19 Jowk, 19 "Jubilee," eyess jack, 61, 65, 68, 140, 199, 211 Jumping to the fist, 88

"Kecks," or croaks, 237 Kestrel, 2, 18, 29, 30, 68, 78, 148, 274, 283 Kholsan, 37 Killing trained hawks, 4, 8, 283, 284 "Kismet," eyess tiercel, 143 Kite-hawking, 15, 23, 103, 144

Labrador falcon, 14 "Lady Mabel," eyess sparrow-hawk, 168 "Lady Macbeth," eyess sparrow-hawk, 164 Landrail, 147, 156, 167 Lanner, lanneret, 23, 115, 198 Lantiner, 18 Lapwing, 146, 217 Lark-hawking, 130-141, 201 Larks, 137 Lascelles, Hon. G., 6, 8 Latham, S., 8, 21, 131 Law about hawking, 4, 284 Laziness, 86, 211, 269 Learning to train hawks, 30 Leash, 44, 278 Leo X., Pope, 3 Lesser falcon, 22 Lice, 241 Lifting, 32, 95, 132, 261 Lilford, Lord, 6, 13, 74, 130 Live lure, 204 Long-winged hawks, 19-30 Loo Club, 5, 144 Lost hawks, 136, 201, 213-224, 231 Louis XI. of France, 3 " XIII., 39, 131 Lugger, 25 Lure, 37, 51, 63, 88, 117, 265, 281 " hawks of the, 150

Made hawk, 93, 125 Magpie, 145, 197 Maichin, M., 37 Mailed, 20 Mails, 19 Make-hawk, 93, 113, 142, 273 Making in, 95, 96, 102, 195 Maladies, 235-243 Mann, Mr. T., 7 Manning, 61, 80, 151 Mantle, 19 Marhawk, 81 Markers, 175, 192, 194 Marshalling the field, 193 "May," eyess merlin, 206, 207 Meal-times, 62, 64 Medicine, 234, 252, 269 Megrim, 241 Merlin, 27, 80, 115, 130-141, 148, 181, 206-212, 217, 226 "Meteor," passage tiercel, 146 Mews, 53, 172 Mice, 182 Michelin, 249 Migration of hawks, 70, 71, 179 Mites, 91, 233, 241 Möllen, Adrian, and Sons, 5, 16, 42, 48, 79, 144, 276 Moult, 139, 140, 244-254 Moulting larks, 137, 139, 199 Mountee, 94 Mounting, 120, 128 " larks, 138 Mummy, 243 Musket, or male sparrow-hawk, 3, 160-169 Mutes, 20, 234, 235, 241

Nares, 19, 233, 258 Naturalists, 39 Newall, Mr. A., 7, 130, 155, 159 Newcome, Mr. E. C., 5, 13, 16, 101, 131, 144 Norfolk plover, 147 Norway falcon and tiercel, 13 Norwegian goshawks, 33 Notes of flights, 206 Notice that trained hawks are kept, 284

O'Keefe, Mr., 101 O'Neill, Lord, 5 Old Hawking Club, the, 5, 16, 52, 105, 116, 143 Oriental falconers, 2 Origin of hawking, 1 "Orkney," eyess merlin, 280 Ostringer, or austringer, 32 Over-hawked falconers, 170 Owl, 23, 144 Oxer, George, falconer, 6, 159

Packing hawks, 56 Padding of blocks and perches, 45, 47 Palsy, 241 Pannel, 19 Pantas, 241 "Parachute," eyess falcon, 116, 129, 149 Parasites, 241 Partridge, 115, 125, 129, 153, 156, 158, 161, 162, 165 Passage hawks, 18, 70-86, 97, 123 Peewit, 146, 217 Pegging out, 85 Pells, John, falconer, 5 Pelt, 19, 102, 199, 263 Perch, 45, 242 Perching, 268 Peregrine, 16-20 Petty singles, 19 Pheasant, 115, 148, 153, 156, 158 Physicking, 24, 91, 153, 161, 236-243 Pichot, M. P. A., 7 Picking up quarry, 130, 161, 197 Pigeons, 58, 65, 72, 94, 141, 154, 204, 217, 275, 284 Pills, 252 Pin, 242 Pinckney, Mr. E. C., 147, 284 Pitch, 120 Plovers, 146, 147 Plugging, 230 Point, making a, 20, 125 Pointers, 121, 125 Poisoning, 283 Pole-cadge, 52 " -hawk, 72 " -pigeon, 73 Poultry, 157 Pounces, 31 Price of hawks, 25, 71, 144, 155 Pride of falcons, 256 "Princess," eyess merlin, 94 " wild-caught sparrow-hawk, 169 Principals, 19 Prynne, 243 Punic falcon, 22 Purge for hawks, 153, 252, 253 Put in, 20, 136, 197 Put over, 19

Quail, 147, 156, 167 Quarry, 12 " -book, 206, 275 "Queen," eyess merlin, 211, 281

Rabbit, 33, 58, 153, 158, 181, 277 Radcliffe, Colonel Delmé, 8, 20 Rain, 178, 254 Rake away, 32, 97, 119, 266 Ramage hawk, 18 Rangle, 190 Rats, 156, 157, 239 Ravine deer, 34 Recapture, 220 Reclamation, 76-96, 151 Record of flights, 206-211 Red falcon and tiercel, 18, 71 " hawks, 18, 71 " -legged falconet, 39 " -naped shaheen, 21 "Red Queen," trained goshawk, 159 Reed, Mr. A. W., 7, 283, 284 Refusing, 136, 162, 271 Renfrewshire Subscription Hawking Club, 148 Retford, James and William, falconers, 6, 280, 282 Retrievers, 125, 127, 156 Revival of falconry, 8 Rewards, 153, 193, 222 Ricks, 263 Riding to hawks, 107, 113, 195 Riley, Mr. John, 6, 157, 161, 168, 277 Ring swivel, 43, 45 Ringing flights, 107, 133, 137, 139, 208 Robin, or male hobby, 183 Rook-hawking, 101-114, 195 Rooks, 94, 119, 217 Rouse, 19 Royal falconers, 2, 3, 141 "Ruby," eyess sparrow-hawk, 163, 168 " eyess jack, 209 Rufter-hood, 49, 57 Running cunning, 223, 272 Russian falconers, 7, 37 "Ruy Lopez," eyess jack, 136, 282 Rye, 242

Sails, 19 St. Quintin, Mr. W. H., 6, 129, 142, 146, 148 Saker, 22, 103, 144, 183, 186, 236 Sal ammoniac, 234 Salvin, Captain, 6, 48 Sanford, Colonel E. C. A., 7, 130, 140, 148, 280 Schlegel and Wulverhorst, 8, 275 Science of flying, 107, 123 Scores, 129, 140, 143, 148, 158, 159 Score-sheet, 206-211 Scotch hares, 129 Screaming, 270 Screen perch, 45, 233 Sea-fowl, 15, 147 Sebright, Sir John, 60, 82, 151 Seeling, 20, 78, 80, 119 Serving a hawk, 20, 92, 136 Shaheen, 20, 21, 115, 147, 148 Shakespeare, 3, 162 Shape of hawks, 257 "She," eyess merlin, 66, 278 Shifting, 108 Shooting trained hawks, 284 Short-winged hawks, 10, 30, 90, 150-169 Shrike, 21, 71, 73 Signals for markers, 192 Sinclair, Mr. John, 5, 148 "Sir Tristram," eyess goshawk, 158, 278 "Sis," eyess merlin, 140 Size and shape of hawks, 15, 22, 257-259 Slice, 20, 46 Slight falcon and tiercel, 19, 70 Small birds, 29, 187 Snares for hawks, 221 Snipe, 28, 148 Snurt, 242 Soar, or sore hawk, 18 Soaring, 96, 179, 265 Sock, 74 Soft lure, 98 Sourbets, M., 7 South African lanner, 25 Spaniels, 156 Spare lures, 113, 214 Sparrow, 29, 186, 239, 283 " -hawk, 34, 115, 160-169 Spectators, 172, 195, 197 Speed of hawks, 17, 67, 274 Spotted eagle, 38 Spring-swivel, 43 Squirrel, 156 "Starlight," peregrine tiercel, 143 Starling, 162, 167, 217 Steppe eagle, 38 Stern-chase, 120 Stoat, 156, 158 Stone curlew, 147 Stonehenge, 196 Stoop, 12, 65, 109, 122, 138 Stooping to the lure, 98 String, 200, 263 Stuffing young hawks, 58 Style, 114, 158, 184 Suffusion of the eye, 240 Sugar, sugar-candy, 82, 239, 240, 243 Sulkiness, 67, 261 Summed, 18 Swallow, 65, 131 Swivel, 43 Symonds, Mr. George, 130

"Tagrag," eyess jack, 216, 219, 231 Tail of hawk, 32, 232 " tying up of, 151 Tail-to-tail, 271 Taking up, 69 Talon, 19, 242 Tame hawks, 91 Tartaret, 22 Temper, 36, 52, 68, 141, 160, 255 Temperament, 67, 132, 256, 261 Thin hawks, 77, 91, 185 Thompson, Major C. W., 7 Thornton, Colonel, 4, 148 Throwing off, 104, 106 " up, 109 Thrush, 164, 167 Ticks, 241 Tiercel, tassel, or tiercelet, 18 Time of feeding and flying hawks, 64, 89, 179 Tips, 193, 222 Tirings, 53, 61, 81, 152, 182, 187, 227 Tit-bits, 59, 182, 262 Tobacco wash, 241 "Tostin," haggard male goshawk, 158 Train, 19 Training, 80-100 Traps, 102, 199 Travelling, 56 Tree hawks, 263 Trees, 218, 264 Tristram, Canon, 39 Trussing, 30 Tunisian lanner, 25 Turbervile, 7, 80, 233, 239 Tying up tail, 151, 226

Umbrella, 178 Undulating country, 31 Unhooding, 49, 77, 105, 273 Unpopularity of hawking, 3 Unseeling, 20 Unsummed, 18 Up-wind and down-wind, 119, 136, 194

Valkenswaard, 42, 71 Value of hawks. _See_ Price Van, 52 Varvels, 41 "Vesta," eyess falcon, 116, 129, 176, 269 Vice, 255-274 Virtues of hawks, 255-259, 274 Voice, 82, 83, 106, 122

Waiting on, 15, 92, 96, 117, 145, 197 Waking, 80, 151 Walking up quarry, 121, 126, 194 Warble, 20 Washed meat, 98, 185, 253 Water, 277 " -hen, 154, 156, 162 " -rail, 156 Watson, Colonel, 7 Weasel, 33, 156 Weather, 178, 248 Weathering, 86 Whistle, 82 White-crowned eagle, 38 " -legged falconet, 39 "Who-whoop," 110 "Why-loe," falconer's cry, 119 Wild-caught hawks, 70, 87 " -duck, 18, 21, 129, 144, 156 " -fowl, 18, 38, 156 Wild-goose, 15, 18, 147, 156 " hawks, 68, 71, 141, 186, 219, 235, 236, 270, 283 Willemot, Rev. W., 7 "Will o' the Wisp," passage tiercel, 101 Wind, 100, 107, 136, 142, 175, 178, 192 Winding up, 220 Wing, breakage of, 232 " feathers, 11 " of hawks and eagles, 11, 258, 259 Wing, weakness of, 232 Winter larks, 140 Wood-pigeon, 18, 33, 158, 167 Woodcock, 5, 148 Worms, 241 Worth of live and dead hawks, 30, 71, 144, 155 Wren, 162 Writers on hawking, 1, 7

Yarak, 31, 153, 162

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Transcriber Notes

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