CHAPTER IX

THE POPULATION 260 The distribution of the population--The streams of emigration to the interior--Seasonal migrations--The historic towns--The towns of the Pampean region--Buenos Aires.

BIBLIOGRAPHY 277

INDEX 291

ILLUSTRATIONS

PLATE

I. THE FALLS OF THE YGUASSU _Frontispiece_ FACING PAGE II. THE ARID ANDES-- PUNTA VACAS, ON THE TRANS-ANDEAN RAILWAY 22 QUEBRADA DE IRUYA 22

III. THE PATAGONIAN ANDES 38

IV. VEGETATION OF THE INTERIOR VALLEYS (ANDES OF THE NORTH-WEST) 48 FOREST ON THE OUTER SLOPE OF THE SUB-ANDEAN CHAINS 48

V. DRY SCRUB OF THE CENTRAL CHACO 58 MARSHES (ESTEROS OR CAÑADAS) OF THE EASTERN CHACO 58

VI. THE _VALLE_ OF SANTA MARIA, NORTH-WEST OF MOUNT ACONCAGUA 70 THE OASIS OF ANDALGALA 70

VII. THE OASIS DEL RINCON, BELOW SAUJIL (ANDALGALA LINE, PROVINCE OF CATAMARCA) 82 THE MONTE AT EL YESO 82

VIII. A VINEYARD AT SAN JUAN 92 A VINEYARD AT MENDOZA 92

IX. THE LAND OF THE BAÑADOS 100 LORETO: FARMING BY INUNDATION 100

X. LORETO: THE RIO PINTO IN THE DRY SEASON 112 LA BANDA (SANTIAGO DEL ESTERO) 112

XI. QUEBRACHO TRUNKS LYING AT THE STATIONS 116

XII. YOKE OF CREOLE OXEN USED FOR THE TRANSPORT OF TIMBER ON THE EASTERN CHACO, OR CHACO OF SANTA FÉ 128 WORKS AT TARTAGAL (EASTERN CHACO) FOR MAKING TANNIC ACID 128

XIII. THE VOLCANO PUNTIAGUDO 142 CERCAS ON THE LIMAY (RISING IN LAKE NAHUEL HUAPI), NEAR THE CONFLUENCE OF THE TRAFUL 142

XIV. THE PATAGONIAN TABLELAND (NEUQUEN) 154

XV. THE PAMPEAN PLAIN-- TRES ARROYES (BUENOS AIRES PRAIRIE BETWEEN THE SIERRA DE TANDIL AND THE SIERRA DE LA VENTANA) 166 TOAY, ON THE CENTRAL PAMPA (590 FEET) 166

XVI. THE PAMPEAN PLAIN-- THE RIO BAMBA (IN THE SOUTH OF THE CÓRDOBA PROVINCE, 500 FEET ABOVE SEA-LEVEL) 182 BUENA ESPERANZA (SAN LUIS PROVINCE, 1,166 FEET ELEVATION) 182

XVII. THE PAMPEAN PLAIN-- BUENA ESPERANZA (SAN LUIS PROVINCE) 194 JUNIN (150 MILES WEST OF BUENOS AIRES, 330 FEET ELEVATION) 194

XVIII. AN OX WAGON 210 THE MAIL COACH 210

XIX. THRESHING ON THE PAMPA 220 SACKS OF WHEAT READY FOR LOADING ON THE RAILWAY 220

XX. CONFLUENCE OF THE YGUASSU AND THE PARANÁ 236

XXI. THE PARANÁ AT CORRIENTES 244 THE BARRANCA AT PARANÁ (ENTRE RIOS), LEFT BANK 244

XXII. THE PARANÁ ABOVE THE ESTUARY 250

XXIII. THE OLDER INDUSTRIES OF THE PAMPA-- DRYING HIDES 262 DRYING SALT MEAT 262

XXIV. A HERD OF CREOLE CATTLE 268 A HERD OF DURHAM CATTLE 268

MAPS

I. ARGENTINA: THE NATURAL REGIONS 28

II. IRRIGATION IN THE WEST AND NORTH-WEST OF ARGENTINA 52

III. THE CATTLE-BREEDING AREAS 188

IV. DENSITY OF THE MAIZE CROP 198

V. DENSITY OF THE WHEAT CROP 200

VI. THE RAILWAYS 226

VII. ESTUARY OF THE RIO DE LA PLATA 254

The Argentine Republic