Chapter 2

========================================================================= | Ports of Export. | Figures given represent barrels. Date. +-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+------- | | | | | | Phila-| | | New | | Mont- | Port- | Balti-| del- | Hali- | St. | York. |Boston.| real. | land. | more. | phia. | fax. | Johns. ---------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+------- =1897.= | | | | | | | | Aug. 7 | 201| | | | | | | " 14 | 232| | | | | | | " 21 | 829| | | | | | | " 28 | 986| 30| 592| | | | | Sept. 4 | 2,178| 653| 793| | | | | " 11 | 6,608| 897| 2,470| | | | | " 18 | 7,873| 908| 6,178| | | | | " 25 | 9,435| 1,622| 9,623| | | | 2,106| Oct. 2 | 10,448| 1,849| 9,306| | | | 7,000| " 9 | 16,233| 3,823| 8,279| | | | | " 16 | 18,193| 7,738| 8,285| | | | 3,218| " 23 | 24,930| 15,212| 8,450| | | | 9,146| " 30 | 24,237| 19,660| 16,806| | | | 5,410| Nov. 6 | 22,469| 19,237| 31,811| | | 390| 4,216| " 13 | 15,747| 16,201| 20,816| | | | | " 20 | 27,219| 9,526| 31,441| | | 363| 5,000| " 27 | 18,261| 8,152| 8,463| 9,431| | 1,045| 1,285| Dec. 4 | 15,649| 8,449| | 6,889| | 200| 5,610| " 11 | 11,231| 6,799| | 6,605| | | 718| " 18 | 5,706| 3,244| | 300| | | 330| " 25 | 6,588| 1,939| | 3,735| | | | =1898.= | | | | | | | | Jan. 1 | 4,349| 3,521| | 7,469| | | | " 8 | 8,749| 3,643| | 13,775| | | 7,000| " 15 | 11,158| 5,587| | 9,920| | | 8,500| " 22 | 8,265| 4,756| | 10,979| | | | " 29 | 10,979| 4,376| | 5,634| | 480| 952| Feb. 5 | 3,463| 3,997| | 7,950| | 200| 3,046| 1,012 " 12 | 6,689| 2,407| | 7,687| 55| | | 1,523 " 19 | 4,187| 5,060| | 6,005| | | 2,740| " 26 | 6,613| 2,293| | 4,704| | 350| 2,108| 1,500 Mar. 5 | 4,886| 677| | 6,832| | | | " 12 | 6,005| 2,375| | 4,963| | 230| 2,702| " 19 | 6,497| 1,048| | 6,294| | | | 135 " 26 | 7,730| 4,368| | 299| | | | Apr. 2 | 7,142| 2,921| | 4,296| | | | " 9 | 6,863| 2,163| | 2,077| | 685| 4,999| " 16 | 5,783| 293| | 1,258| | | | " 23 | 3,093| 379| | | | | 682| " 30 | 1,190| 519| | | | | 1,270| May 7 | 1,500| | | | | | | June 11 | 1,500| | | | | | | +-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+------- Totals |361,894|176,322|163,313|126,261| 55| 3,943| 78,038| 4,170 ---------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------

THE APPLE BUSINESS.

By J. G. THOMPSON, of Edwardsville, Kan.

Often the title of a book or essay gives little information as to what will follow, and under "The Apple Business" there are a variety of subjects, on any one of which an essay might be written. In this short paper I shall speak of our foreign markets. A Kansas apple in London is a long way from home. But it is there, and not at all disconcerted by its strange surroundings. What is our apple doing there? Was it imported as a curiosity? Is it there as evidence of some venture or speculation? Neither; it has passed the experimental stage and is on a perfectly legitimate errand. It has gone over for English gold and will send the same back to its Kansas home. Now comes the interesting part, which makes business of the transaction. If profitable, it means prosperity; and a wave of prosperity is what the whole country needs, and when the wave comes there will be a lot of folks who will want to make the inundation permanent. Apples, on arriving in London or Liverpool, are sold at auction on the docks, immediately on arrival, usually in twenty-barrel lots. Of each lot two barrels are opened, one is poured out on a table, and one has the head removed so that the faced end may be seen. This is called a "show," and in the account of sales the "shows" are charged for at the rate of one shilling each.

AMERICAN APPLES ABROAD.

European receivers of American apples, represented by Chas. Forster, 76-78 Park Place, N. Y. ================================================================= | Ports of Import. | | Figures given represent barrels. | Date. |----------------------------------------------| Total. |Liverpool.| London.|Glasgow.|Hamburg.|Various.| --------+----------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------- =1897.= | | | | | | Aug. 7 | 168 | | 33 | | | 201 " 14 | 185 | | 47 | | | 232 " 21 | 455 | | 374 | | | 829 " 28 | 1,113 | | 495 | | | 1,608 Sept. 4 | 3,044 | | 580 | | | 3,624 " 11 | 7,605 | | 2,370 | | | 9,975 " 18 | 10,933 | 70 | 3,813 | | 143 | 14,959 " 25 | 12,960 | 2,494 | 6,425 | 657 | 250 | 22,786 Oct. 2 | 13,286 | 7,774 | 5,167 | 1,804 | 572 | 28,603 " 9 | 16,325 | 11,252 | 6,499 | 3,747 | 512 | 28,335 " 16 | 20,530 | 5,461 | 7,473 | 3,648 | 322 | 37,434 " 23 | 29,381 | 13,047 | 8,709 | 6,391 | 210 | 57,738 " 30 | 26,641 | 16,055 | 14,619 | 8,432 | 366 | 66,113 Nov. 6 | 39,615 | 9,449 | 18,897 | 8,371 | 1,791 | 78,123 " 13 | 33,631 | 4,338 | 7,579 | 6,650 | 566 | 52,764 " 20 | 29,167 | 11,226 | 18,288 | 13,755 | 1,113 | 73,549 " 27 | 26,308 | 7,169 | 3,588 | 7,686 | 1,886 | 46,637 Dec. 4 | 18,091 | 8,724 | 3,154 | 6,597 | 231 | 36,797 " 11 | 14,050 | 2,469 | 4,766 | 3,829 | 239 | 25,353 " 18 | 4,613 | 2,794 | 211 | 1,475 | 487 | 9,580 " 25 | 7,468 | 2,733 | 1,106 | 616 | 339 | 12,262 =1898.= | | | | | | Jan. 1 | 11,949 | 2,196 | | 617 | 577 | 15,339 " 8 | 19,486 | 9,428 | 709 | 2,644 | 900 | 33,167 " 15 | 17,747 | 11,952 | 1,450 | 4,011 | 5 | 35,165 " 22 | 16,332 | 4,885 | | 1,316 | 567 | 23,100 " 29 | 11,974 | 5,174 | 1,539 | 3,601 | 142 | 22,430 Feb. 5 | 3,546 | 4,987 | 417 | | 718 | 19,668 " 12 | 12,584 | 3,709 | 1,101 | 673 | 294 | 18,361 " 19 | 12,320 | 5,160 | 521 | | 41 | 18,042 " 25 | 10,234 | 4,656 | 1,353 | 1,325 | | 17,568 Mar. 5 | 8,431 | 3,284 | 100 | 505 | 75 | 12,395 " 12 | 9,192 | 6,389 | 424 | 270 | | 16,275 " 19 | 8,671 | 5,026 | 117 | 160 | | 13,974 " 26 | 7,747 | 4,078 | 381 | | 191 | 12,397 April 2 | 9,788 | 4,187 | 271 | | 113 | 14,359 " 9 | 6,917 | 8,493 | 1,192 | | 185 | 16,787 " 16 | 5,049 | 2,091 | 60 | | 134 | 7,334 " 23 | 2,059 | 2,095 | | | | 4,154 " 30 | 543 | 2,436 | | | | 2,979 May 7 | 1,500 | | | | | 1,500 June 11 | 1,500 | | | | | 1,500 |----------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------- Totals | 490,138 |198,281 |123,828 | 88,780 | 12,969 | 913,996 -----------------------------------------------------------------

I have just received the apple catalogue of Woodall & Co., of Liverpool, England, giving a list of sales made by them of 2451 barrels of American apples, from the 3d to the 10th of this month [December, 1897]. This catalogue gives the mark, brand or owner's name on barrel, the name of the variety, condition of fruit, and whether tight or loose in the barrel, the name of the vessel on which the fruit arrived, the point from which it was shipped, and the gross proceeds of the sales of these 2451 barrels--1047 were from Canada and 1404 from the United States. Last year I sold for export 1000 barrels of apples. The buyer told me it was very difficult to carry barreled apples across the water in good condition. And that, owing to the peculiar motion of the ship, apples which were tight when loaded would be loose and bruised on arrival at Liverpool. You may judge of the correctness of this statement when I tell you that, in the account of sales of 153 barrels, 142 are reported as loose and 11 tight. They are not all that bad, for further on 212 are reported as 171 tight and 41 loose. Apples when loose lose from $1 to $1.75 in value; a lot of 12--8 Winesap and 4 York Imperial, loose--were sold for 15s. 3d. or $3.80 per barrel; 43 Winesaps, loose, brought 14s. 9d. or $3.68. Newtown Pippins bring the highest price, ranging from $5 to $9 per barrel.

The apples are mostly from Canada and New York, the varieties being principally Newtown Pippin, Baldwin, Greening, and [Northern] Spy; still I find in the list such familiar names as Ben Davis, Genet, and Winesap. On inquiry, I find the freight from Kansas City to New York is 63-1/2 cents, and from New York across the water, seventy-five cents per barrel. A report of sales would read something like this: One barrel Ben Davis, $3.80; freight, $1.35; commission, 20 cents; net proceeds, $2.25. This is supposing they should reach the other side loose. If, owing to superior skill in packing, they should reach their destination tight, the net proceeds would be $3 or $3.25. The Liverpool quotation on western Ben Davis, December 11, is $4 to $5 for tight; $3.50 to $4.38 for loose. I speak of one firm only; many others are in the same line.

COMPARISON OF SEASONS, 1881 TO 1898. ======================================================================== | Ports of Export. | Figures represent barrels. |--------------------------------------------------------------- Date. | New | | Mont- | Port- |Halifax|Phil-|Bal- |Anna- | York. | Boston. | real. | land. |and St.|adel-|ti- | pol- | | | | |Johns. |phia.|more.| is. --------+---------+---------+--------+-------+-------+-----+-----+------ 1880-81 | 599,200| 510,300| 145,276| 39,908| 24,250|9,872| | 1881-82 | 75,889| 65,093| 56,433| 6,497| 13,805| | |21,535 1882-83 | 169,570| 102,409| 64,390| 16,890| 18,542|3,900| |19,893 1883-84 | 53,048| 7,145| 7,445| 9,811| 3,758| 325| | 1884-85 | 256,314| 307,130| 84,487| 71,460| 41,207| | | 8,612 1885-86 | 466,203| 221,724| 68,716| 87,301| 37,982| 186| | 3,161 1886-87 | 175,595| 303,479| 106,713|100,569| 94,606| | |26,965 1887-88 | 275,696| 163,916| 93,058| 25,215| 32,652| | |17,884 1888-89 | 474,337| 382,199| 291,307|145,825| 94,691| 860| |18,190 1889-90 | 169,557| 132,589| 162,526|122,433| 53,627| | |37,030 1890-91 | 76,503| 23,123| 182,095| 80,365| 89,190| | | 1891-92 | 537,247| 339,964| 320,457|163,145| 87,379| 550| 72| 1892-93 | 218,037| 204,138| 429,243|235,395|116,725| | | 1893-94 | 29,396| 4,796| 56,255| 49,344| 35,058| | | 1894-95 | 221,398| 523,123| 273,353|155,878|264,410| | | 1895-96{| 230,705| 84,771| 128,027|141,955|165,797| | | {|[A]13,610| |[A]1,861| | | | | 1896-97 | 570,327|1,015,029| 700,274|221,350|409,733|3,133| | 1897-98 | 361,894| 176,322| 163,313|126,261| 82,208|3,943| 55|

Additionally in 1891-92, 1,337 barrels were exported from Newport News, and 215 from Norfolk.

| Ports of Import. | Figures represent barrels. Date. |------------------------------------------------------------ |Liverpool.| London. | Glasgow.|Hamburg.| Various.| Total. --------------+----------+---------+---------+--------+---------+---------- 1880-81 | 839,444 | 177,936 | 216,391 | | 95,036 | 1,328,806 1881-82 | 133,784 | 46,147 | 59,266 | | 55 | 239,252 1882-83 | 253,432 | 46,975 | 81,269 | | 13,318 | 395,594 1883-84 | 46,661 | 4,843 | 29,685 | | 343 | 81,532 1884-85 | 491,898 | 123,081 | 137,631 | | 16,590 | 769,210 1885-86 | 537,695 | 147,102 | 176,445 | | 24,031 | 885,273 1886-87 | 468,553 | 187,840 | 138,756 | | 12,775 | 807,924 1887-88 | 346,557 | 104,072 | 139,517 | | 18,275 | 608,421 1888-89 | 790,502 | 279,374 | 272,068 | | 64,465 | 1,407,409 1889-90 | 418,850 | 128,248 | 116,449 | | 14,115 | 677,762 1890-91 | 252,548 | 116,705 | 80,772 | | 1,260 | 451,285 1891-92 | 917,535 | 224,356 | 282,553 | | 25,892 | 1,450,336 1892-93 | 798,291 | 174,405 | 220,790 | | 10,052 | 1,203,538 1893-94 | 101,205 | 32,581 | 38,524 | | 2,530 | 174,841 1894-95 | 853,198 | 388,535 | 173,312 | | 23,110 | 1,438,155 1895-96 {| 410,596 | 196,184 | 127,942 | | 16,533 | 751,255 {|[A]11,342 |[A]2,458 |[A]1,771 | | | [A]15,471 1896-97 |1,581,560 | 716,771 | 411,575 | 117,105| 92,835 | 2,919,846 1897-98 | 490,138 | 198,281 | 123,828 | 88,780| 12,969 | 913,996 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

[A] Boxes.

During the week ending December 11, 1897, there were exported from the United States to Europe 25,447 barrels of apples; of these, Liverpool got 3335, London, 2580, Glasgow, 3567, Hamburg, 5264; equaling 14,756. The total export to Europe this year from the United States, up to December 11, is 586,906 barrels bringing this country over 1-1/2 million dollars. Last year we had a much larger crop, and up to this date had exported 2,087,573 barrels. Owing to the liability of getting loose in the barrel some shippers use boxes. We packed, last fall, 1000 boxes of Willow Twig and Ben Davis; these were packed in pear boxes, each apple wrapped in paper; the boxes (filled) would weigh about forty pounds. The apples are placed in layers six long by four wide and four layers deep, ninety-six apples to the box, putting the finest apples on top. The covers are put on with a lever press that presses on the ends of the boards and springs both the bottom and top of the box; the extra size in the middle is protected by cleats on the ends. The sides are of thicker boards and do not spring. If the apples should shrink in size, as apples do, the spring in the box will take up the slack. In loading on the car or ship, the boxes are placed on their edges. One thousand boxes make a good car-load, weighing about 40,000 pounds. A barrel will make about 4-1/2 boxes. These cases of selected apples are expected to sell readily for eight shillings (or $2) per box, and packed in this careful manner should go through in perfect condition. If they bring satisfactory prices, I predict that next year more than one Kansas orchard will be packing apples for foreign export.

A SHORT ACCOUNT OF THE WELLHOUSE ORCHARDS.

In 1876 Mr. F. Wellhouse planted, at Glenwood, Leavenworth county, Kansas, 117 acres of apple trees, as follows: 60 acres of Ben Davis, 32 of Missouri Pippin, and 25 of Winesap. This orchard yielded, in 1880, 1594 bushels of apples, which sold for $1.50 per barrel, or $797; and in 1881 it yielded 3887 bushels, which sold for $4 per barrel, or $5184.

In 1878 he planted, near Gardner, Miami county, 160 acres, as follows: 80 acres of Ben Davis, 40 of Missouri Pippin, 30 of Winesap, and 8 of Cooper's Early and 8 of Maiden's Blush. These two orchards, of 277 acres combined, yielded, in 1882, 12,037 bushels, which sold for $2.48 per barrel, or $9,950.

In 1879 he planted, at Fairmount, Leavenworth county, 160 acres, as follows: 80 acres of Ben Davis, 40 of Jonathan, 30 of Winesap, and 8 of Cooper's Early and 8 of Maiden's Blush.

These three orchards, of 437 acres combined, yielded as follows:

1883, 12,388 bushels, sold at $3.00 per barrel. 1884, 11,726 " " 2.04 " 1885, 15,373 " " 2.00 " 1886, 34,909 " " 1.45 " 1887, 33,790 " " 2.11 " 1888, 20,054 " " 1.81 " 1889, 11,952 " " 2.49 " 1890, 79,170 " " 3.00 " 1891, 63,698 " " 1.75 " 1892, 978 bushels. 1893, 900 " 1894, 47,374 " sold at $2.50 per barrel. 1895, 59,138 " 1896, 784 " 1897, 3,758 " 1898, 3,639 " not sold yet.

In 1889 he planted, near Wakarusa, Osage county, 800 acres, as follows: 300 acres of Ben Davis, 200 of Missouri Pippin, 160 of Jonathan, 75 of York Imperial, and 65 of Gano. In 1895 this orchard yielded 3470 bushels.

In 1894 he planted, near Tonganoxie, Leavenworth county, 300 acres, as follows: 100 acres of Ben Davis, 100 of Gano, 33 of Jonathan, 33 of York Imperial, and 34 of Missouri Pippin.

In 1895 he sold nearly 21,780 bushels, put in cold storage 9000 bushels, and sent to dryer 26,600 bushels, making a total for 1895 of 57,380 bushels.

In 1896 he set out, near Summit, Leavenworth county, 140 acres, making a total acreage of 620 acres of Ben Davis, 76 of Winesap, 409 of Missouri Pippin, 190 of Jonathan, 150 of York Imperial, 160 of Gano, 16 of Maiden's Blush, and 16 of Cooper's Early.

During this time he sold thousands of bushels of "culls" that are not counted in this statement, excepting in 1895. These culls sold, per bushel, as follows: 1883, at 30 cents; 1884, at 15 cents; 1885, at 20 cents; 1886, at 13 cents; 1887, at 27 cents; 1888, at 14 cents; 1889, at 18 cents; 1890, at 20 cents; 1891, at 15 cents; 1894, at 20 cents.

For profit, Mr. Wellhouse puts the Jonathan first, Ben Davis second, Missouri Pippin third, and Winesap fourth. He says Cooper's Early does not pay him.

REVISED LIST OF APPLES

Recommended for Kansas by the votes of the members of the State Horticultural Society, at its annual meeting, December, 1896:

_List of Winter Varieties._

Ben Davis 44 votes. Winesap 42 " Jonathan 41 " Missouri Pippin 40 " Gano 30 " York Imperial 18 " Genet 12 " Smith's Cider 8 " Maiden's Blush 5 " Grimes's Golden 3 " Willow Twig 3 " Huntsman 2 votes. Mammoth Black Twig 2 " Early Harvest 2 " Gilpin 1 " Red Winter Pearmain 1 " Salome 1 " Rome Beauty 1 " Ortley 1 " Wagener 1 " White Pippin 1 "

_Summer and Fall Varieties._

Early Harvest 19 votes. Red June 13 " Maiden's Blush 12 " Chenango 6 " Yellow Transparent 5 " Cooper's Early White 5 " Duchess of Oldenburg 4 " Red Astrachan 4 votes. Golden Sweet 2 " Keswick Codlin 2 " American Summer Pearmain 2 " Wealthy 2 " Orange Pippin 2 " Summer Swaar 1 "

_Fall._

Maiden's Blush 20 votes. Grimes Golden Pippin 13 " Rambo 10 " Jonathan 10 " Pennsylvania Red Streak 3 " Cooper's Early White 3 votes. Lowell 3 " Fameuse 3 " Fall Wine 2 " Jefferis 2 " Hay's Wine 1 vote. Summer Rambo 1 " Munster 1 " Fall Pippin 1 " Northern Spy 1 " Rome Beauty 1 vote. Hubbardston's Nonsuch 1 " Huntsman's Favorite 1 " Sweet Russet 1 "

_List for Family Orchard._

Jonathan 25 votes. Winesap 24 " Maiden's Blush 22 " Early Harvest 21 " Red June 15 " Missouri Pippin 13 " Grimes's Golden Pippin 13 " Ben Davis 12 " Rawle's Genet 12 " York Imperial 11 " Rambo 10 " Chenango Strawberry 8 " Cooper's Early White 8 " Yellow Transparent 7 " Jefferis 6 " Huntsman's Favorite 5 " Smith's Cider 4 " Wealthy 4 " Milam 3 " Rome Beauty 3 " Gano 3 " Red Winter Pearmain 2 " Willow Twig 2 " Fameuse 2 " Benoni 2 " Fink 2 " Duchess of Oldenburg 2 " Gilpin 1 vote. Golden Sweet 1 " Fall Pippin 1 " Newtown Pippin 1 " Sweet June 1 " Jersey Sweet 1 " Lansingburg 1 " Whitney No. 20 1 " Red Astrachan 1 " White Winter Pearmain 1 " American Summer Pearmain 1 " Minkler 1 " Yellow Bellflower 1 " Dominie 1 " Sweet Rambo 1 " Pennsylvania Red Streak 1 " Stark 1 " Lawver 1 " Lowell 1 " Fulton 1 " Roman Stem 1 " Red Winter Sweet 1 " Primate 1 " Klepsroth 1 " Garretson's Early 1 " Red Betigheimer 1 " Wagener 1 "

DESCRIPTION OF VARIETIES REFERRED TO IN THIS BOOK.

BEN DAVIS.

_Synonyms_: New York Pippin, Victoria Pippin, Victoria Red, Red Pippin, Kentucky Pippin, Baltimore Red, Baltimore Pippin, Baltimore Red Streak, Carolina Red Streak, and Funkhouser.