The Ancient Cities of the New World Being Travels and Explorations in Mexico and Central America From 1857-1882

CHAPTER XXIV.

Chapter 241,414 wordsPublic domain

TUMBALA. S. CRISTOBAL. MITLA 482

Return to Tenosiqué—S. Domingo del Palenque Revisited—Departure for S. Cristobal—First Halt—No Tamenes—Setting out alone for Nopa—Bad Roads—No Food—Monkeys—Three Days Waiting at S. Pedro—The _Cabildo_—Hostile Attitude of the Natives—The Porters Arrive—They make off in the Night—From S. Pedro to Tumbala—Two Nights in the Forest—Tumbala—The Cura—Jajalun—Chilon—Citala—A Dominican Friar—Cankuk—Tenejapa—S. Cristobal—Valley of Chiapas—Tuxtla—Santa Lucia—_Marimba_—Tehuantepec—Totolapa—Oaxaca—Santa Maria del Tule—Ruins of Mitla.

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.

PAGE

A VIEW OF VERA CRUZ AND THE FORT OF SAN JUAN OF ULLOA 3

VIEW OF PUEBLA, TAKEN FROM ALTO 9

TWO PANORAMAS OF PUEBLA 13

CHURCH OF SAN DOMINGO 17

EL SAGRARIO 27

CLOISTER OF THE CONVENT OF LA MERCED 32

MEXICAN MONKS 34

EL SALTO DEL AGUA (FOUNTAIN) 35

TREE OF THE NOCHE TRISTE, AT POPOTLAN 38

CHAPULTEPEC 44

CHARCOAL AND BATTEAS VENDORS 45

MEXICAN WATER-CARRIER 49

MEXICAN TORTILLERA AND STRAW MAT SELLERS 51

COURT IN THE MEXICO MUSEUM 57

TEOYAOMIQUI, GOD OF DEATH AND WAR 60

THE STONE OF THE SUN, OR OF TIZOC, MEXICO MUSEUM 61

THE TEMALACATL, OR GLADIATORIAL STONE (FROM RAMIREZ MS.) 63

WRONG AND RIGHT SACRIFICIAL COLLARS 68

HUMAN SACRIFICES 74

ANCIENT INDIAN POTTERY 75

EXTRACTING PULQUE 77

TOLTEC POTTERY 82

TLALOC, FROM A PIECE OF POTTERY 83

TOLTEC CROSSES 86

QUETZALCOATL, UNDER HIS BEST-KNOWN ATTRIBUTES 87

COTTON SPINNING 89

CALLI, IN PROFILE 91

CAPITAL, FOUND AT TULA 92

THE PYRAMID OF THE SUN, TULA 93

TOLTEC CARYATID, TULA 94

PARTS OF A COLUMN, TULA 95

TENNIS-RING, TULA 95

WARRIOR’S PROFILE, FOUND AT TULA 97

TOLTEC BAS-RELIEFS 99

YOUNG GIRLS OF TULA 102

RUINS OF A TOLTEC HOUSE 104

GROUND PLAN OF FIRST TOLTEC HOUSE UNEARTHED AT TULA (FROM LEMAIRE) 105

PLAN OF THE HILL AT TULA (ANCIENT PALPAN) 106

GROUND PLAN OF TOLTEC PALACE UNEARTHED AT TULA (LEMAIRE) 107

VIEW OF RUINED TOLTEC PALACE 109

FEMALE DANCERS AND TECUHTLIS (FROM RAMIREZ MS. AND FATHER DURAN) 114

YOUNG TOLTEC GIRL (FROM MODERN INDIAN TYPES AND FATHER DURAN’S “HIST. DE LAS INDIAS”) 117

INDIAN KING (DRAWN FROM CLAVIGERO, RAMIREZ MS. AND FATHER DURAN) 123

MURAL PAINTING OF TOLTEC HOUSE 127

PYRAMIDS OF SUN AND MOON TEOTIHUACAN 128

TERRA-COTTA MASKS AND HEADS FOUND AT TEOTIHUACAN 133

ROAD TO S. MARTIN 135

CHURCH OF S. JUAN, TEOTIHUACAN 137

MILE-STONE, OR VOTIVE COLUMN, TEOTIHUACAN 140

RUINS OF A PALACE, TEOTIHUACAN 141

GROUND PLAN OF PRINCIPAL RUINS OF TEOTIHUACAN 143

GROUND PLAN OF TOLTEC PALACE AT TEOTIHUACAN 145

VOTIVE STONES, TEOTIHUACAN 149

TOLTEC SEPULCHRAL STONE, TEOTIHUACAN 151

RUINS OF TLALMANALCO 152

SANTA ANITA CANAL 155

AMECAMECA 157

HACIENDA OF TOMACOCO 160

VOLCANEROS (MINERS) 162

BURIAL-GROUND, TENENEPANCO 163

POPOCATEPETL AND PICO DEL FRAILE 165

VASES FOUND AT TENENEPANCO 169

CARICATURE OF TECUHTLI-KNIGHT (KNIGHT OF THE EAGLE) 171

BOTTOM OF ENAMELLED CUP FOUND IN THE BURIAL-GROUND 173

CARTS, CHILDREN’S TOYS 175

VASES OF BURIAL-GROUND UNEARTHED AT NAHUALAC 177

POND OF NAHUALAC 182

QUAY OF S. JUAN BAUTISTA 183

CANOA (BOAT) OF S. JUAN 185

RANCHO AT BELLOTE 187

TEMPLE BAS-RELIEF, BELLOTE 189

TERRA-COTTA MASK, FOUND AT BELLOTE 193

VIRGIN FOREST NEAR COMALCALCO 194

PLAN OF GREAT PYRAMID AT COMALCALCO 197

BAYS OF RUINED PALACE, COMALCALCO 198

SECTION OF RUINS AT COMALCALCO 199

RUINS OF PALACE 201

ORNAMENTATION OF SOUTH-EAST TOWER, COMALCALCO 204

REMAINS OF TOWER NO. 2, AND ENTRANCE OF SUBTERRANEOUS HALL 205

BAS-RELIEF OF WEST TOWER, COMALCALCO 210

S. DOMINGO DEL PALENQUE 211

MOULDINGS IN THE TEMPLE OF THE CROSS NO. 1 215

SCULPTURED STONES, TEMPLE OF THE CROSS NO. 1 217

OUR KITCHEN AT PALENQUE, IN ONE OF THE CORRIDORS 223

PLAN OF PALACE AT PALENQUE (NORTH SIDE) 225

BASEMENT OF PYRAMID IN THE PALACE OF PALENQUE 226

THE PALACE, OUTER FAÇADE, PALENQUE 227

SCULPTURED FIGURE ON PILLAR 230

MEDALLION IN PASSAGE OF EAST WING OF THE PALACE 231

HUGE BAS-RELIEFS IN THE PALACE COURT, PALENQUE 232

SMALL BUILDING TO THE SOUTH OF THE PALACE COURT 233

FRAGMENT OF DECORATION SHAPED LIKE A TAU, SURROUNDING NICHES IN THE CORRIDORS AND APARTMENTS OF THE PALACE 235

FRIEZE DECORATION OF BUILDING SOUTH OF THE COURT 235

FRAGMENT OF DECORATION OVER A DOOR 235

RESTORATION OF INNER WING OF THE PALACE 237

EASTERN FAÇADE OF INNER WING OF THE PALACE, PALENQUE 239

TOWER IN THE PALACE 241

THE PALACE, WESTERN FAÇADE 243

MEDALLION IN PASSAGE OF INNER WING 244

TEMPLE OF INSCRIPTIONS, PALENQUE 245

TEMPLE OF THE SUN, PALENQUE 250

JAPANESE TEMPLE 251

SCULPTURED SLABS OF SANCTUARY, IN THE TEMPLES OF PALENQUE 253

SCULPTURED SLABS IN THE TEMPLE OF THE CROSS NO. 2 255

RUINS TO THE NORTH OF THE PALACE 257

STAIRCASE INSCRIPTIONS 261

MUNICIPAL PALACE AND SQUARE, MERIDA 262

MAP 264

PANORAMIC VIEW OF MERIDA 267

MONTEJO’S HOUSE, MERIDA 272

CATHEDRAL 273

DON ALVARO PEON’S HOUSE 276

FRUIT SELLERS 277

MAYA TYPES 279

MEZTIZOS’ HOUSE 283

A STREET IN MERIDA 285

HACIENDA OF ASCORRA 287

VOLAN COCHÉ 288

PLAN OF THE RUINS OF AKÉ 294

SMALL PYRAMID OF AKÉ 295

GREAT PYRAMID AND GALLERY OF AKÉ 297

PILLARS OF THE GREAT GALLERY OF AKÉ 299

CEMENTED BAS-RELIEF OF AKÉ 302

SQUARE OF TUNKAS 303

GREAT PYRAMID, KINICH-KAKMÓ, AT IZAMAL 307

SOUTH SIDE OF HUNPICTOK PYRAMID AT IZAMAL (AFTER STEPHENS) 309

COLOSSAL HEAD FORMING BASEMENT OF PYRAMID AT IZAMAL 311

MARKET PLACE OF IZAMAL 313

CENOTÉ OF XCOLAC 317

CHURCH AND SQUARE, CITAS 322

EL CASTILLO OF CHICHEN-ITZA 323

ORNAMENTATION OF THE UPPER STORY OF THE NUNNERY, CHICHEN-ITZA 334

MAIN FAÇADE OF THE NUNNERY OF CHICHEN-ITZA 335

NORTHERN FAÇADE OF THE NUNNERY OF CHICHEN-ITZA 338

LEFT WING OF THE NUNNERY OF CHICHEN-ITZA 339

FAÇADE OF EL CASTILLO, CHICHEN-ITZA 342

TOLTEC COLUMN IN THE CASTILLO 343

TOLTEC COLUMN AT TULA 343

YUCATEC CAPITAL AT CHICHEN-ITZA 344

DOOR-POSTS IN THE CASTILLO, CHICHEN-ITZA 345

BAS-RELIEFS FROM PILLARS OF SANCTUARY OF CHICHEN-ITZA 347

BAS-RELIEFS WITH INSCRIPTIONS, AKAB-SIB PALACE AT CHICHEN-ITZA 349

CHICHAN-CHOB, PRISON OF CHICHEN-ITZA 351

SACRED CENOTÉ, OF CHICHEN-ITZA 355

SMALL TEMPLE IN THE TENNIS-COURT OF CHICHEN-ITZA 359

BAS-RELIEF IN HALL OF TENNIS-COURT OF CHICHEN-ITZA 362

TIGERS’ BAS-RELIEFS ON PORTION OF TENNIS-COURT OF CHICHEN-ITZA 363

DOOR-POSTS OF HALL IN THE TENNIS-COURT OF CHICHEN-ITZA 364

TIZOC’S STONE, IN MEXICO 365

STATUE OF TLALOC FOUND AT CHICHEN-ITZA 366

STATUE OF TLALOC OF TLASCALA (IN THE MUSEUM OF MEXICO) 367

SECOND PALACE OF KABAH 371

YUCATEC AND TEOTIHUACAN VASES 375

TRIUMPHAL ARCH OF KABAH (FROM STEPHENS) 379

RUINS OF FIRST PALACE OF KABAH 381

SHOWING STEPS AND INTERIOR OF FIRST PALACE OF KABAH 383

NORTH-WEST SIDE OF PYRAMID OF KABAH 385

BAS-RELIEFS AT KABAH (FROM STEPHENS) 389

HACIENDA OF UXMAL 391

THE GOVERNOR’S PALACE, UXMAL 395

PORTION OF THE GOVERNOR’S PALACE, UXMAL 398

PLAN OF NUNNERY OF UXMAL (FROM STEPHENS) 399

NORTH WING FAÇADE OF THE NUNNERY OF UXMAL 400

SHOWING DETAILS OF EASTERN FAÇADE OF THE NUNNERY, UXMAL 402

THE DWARF’S HOUSE OF UXMAL 403

GENERAL VIEW OF THE RUINS OF UXMAL 407

INSCRIPTION OF THE GOVERNOR’S PALACE, UXMAL 413

CAMPECHE 415

HOTEL GRIJALVA AT FRONTERA 419

TERRA-COTTA IDOLS OF TABASCO 421

A BIT OF TENOSIQUÉ 423

THE USUMACINTA AT PASO YALCHILAN 428

DON PÉPÉ MORA 429

ENCAMPMENT AT PASO YALCHILAN 430

LACANDON CHIEF AND LACANDON TYPES 433

VOTIVE PILE OF LORILLARD 435

MAP TAKEN FROM THE GEOGRAPHICAL SOCIETY 437

PLAN OF FIRST TEMPLE AT LORILLARD 439

IDOL IN LACANDON TEMPLE 440

FIRST TEMPLE AT LORILLARD CITY 441

LACANDON VASES FOUND AT LORILLARD CITY 443

MODEL OF ANCIENT TEMPLE 445

PLAN OF PALACE WE INHABITED AT LORILLARD 446

SECOND TEMPLE OF LORILLARD 448

SCULPTURED LINTEL AT LORILLARD 449

STONE LINTEL, SACRIFICE TO CUKULCAN, LORILLARD CITY 451

SCULPTURED LINTEL AT LORILLARD 457

LIBERTAD 459

FLORES, LAKE OF PETEN 465

ALTAR PANEL IN THE TEMPLE OF THE SUN OF TIKAL 467

TEMPLE AND STELÆ OF TIKAL (FROM ALFRED MAUDSLAY) 469

QUETZALCOATL AT COPAN 470

IDOLS OF COPAN (FROM STEPHENS) 471

MONOLITH IDOL OF COPAN (FROM STEPHENS) 476

GUATEMALTO-TOLTEC ALTAR OF COPAN (STEPHENS) 477

OTHER SIDE OF SAME ALTAR 477

ALTAR INSCRIPTION OF COPAN 479

INSCRIPTION OF LORILLARD CITY 479

STELA OF TIKAL (FROM A. MAUDSLAY) 480

INTERIOR OF AN APARTMENT IN THE GRAND PALACE OF MITLA-OAXACA 482

SNUFF-BOX TORTOISE (_Cinostemon Leucostomum_) 484

TEHUANTEPEC WOMEN 497

PLAN OF CHIEF PALACE OF MITLA 502

SECTION OF PRINCIPAL HALL OF THE PALACE 503

GREAT HALL RESTORED (MITLA) 503

GENERAL VIEW OF RUINS OF MITLA 505

GREAT PALACE OF MITLA-OAXACA 509

SOUTH SIDE OF FOURTH PALACE OF MITLA 511

TERRA-COTTA MASK FOUND AT MITLA 512

THE ANCIENT CITIES

OF THE NEW WORLD.