Part 25

[386] “La mas bella, la mas robusta y la mas intelligente,” etc. F. Michelena y Rojas, _Exploracion Official de la America del Sur_, p. 54 (Bruselas, 1867).

[387] See D. G. Brinton, “On a Petroglyph from the Island of St. Vincent,” in _Proceedings of the Acad. of Nat. Sciences of Philadelphia_, 1889, p. 417.

[388] Also the Ouayéoué, of which a short vocabulary is given by M. Coudreau in the _Archives de la Société Américaine de France_, 1886.

[389] Martius, _Ethnographie_, Bd. I., s. 346, sq. The word may mean either maternal or paternal uncle, V. d. Steinen, s. 292.

[390] Luiz Vincencio Mamiani, _Arte de la Lingua Kiriri_, and his _Catechismo na Lingua da naçao Kiriri_. The former has been republished (1877), and also translated into German by Von der Gabelentz (1852).

[391] _Durch Central-Brasilien_, s. 303. This writer looks upon the Cariris as a remote off-shoot from the Carib stock.

[392] See Von den Steinen, _Durch Central-Brasilien_, s. 320; Paul Ehrenreich, _Zeitschrift für Ethnologie_, 1886, s. 184.

[393] Reinhold Hensel, “Die Coroados der Provinz Rio Grande do Sul,” in _Zeitschrift für Ethnologie_, Bd. II., s. 195.

[394] F. de Castelnau, _Expédition dans l’Amérique du Sud_, Tom. I., p. 446.

[395] For instance:

CARAJA. BOTOCUDO. Woman, _awkeu_, _joku-nang_. Sun, _tiou_, _taru_. Head, _w-oara_, _curu_. Tooth, _wa-djon_, _yune_. Hand, _wa-depo_, _nipo_. Fire, _eaotou_, _poté_.

Dr. Paul Ehrenreich, who has a mass of unpublished material about the Caraja language, says it is wholly unconnected with the Carib group. _Verhandlungen der Berliner Anthrop. Gesell._, 1888, p. 548.

[396] Vocabularies of these are collected by Von Martius in his _Ethnographie und Sprachenkunde Amerikas_, Bd. II., ss. 155, 156, 161, 212, etc.

[397] The list is given in his _Personal Narrative of a Journey in the Equinoctial Regions of America_, Vol. VI., pp. 354-358, of the English translation (London, 1826).

[398] F. S. Gilii, _Saggio di Storia Americana_, Tom. III., Lib. III., cap. 12 (Roma, 1782). In speaking of _lengue matrici_, he says positively, “In tutta l’estensione del grande Orinoco non ve ne sono che nove,” p. 204.

[399] Aug. Codazzi, _Geografia de Venezuela_, pp. 247, 248 (Paris, 1841).

[400] J. Chaffanjon, _L’Orénoque et la Caura_, p. 247 (Paris, 1889).

[401] Michelena y Rojas, _Exploracion Oficial de la America del Sur_, p. 344 (Bruselas, 1867).

[402] A. Coudreau, _Archives de la Société Américaine de France_, 1885, p. 281.

[403] _L’Orénoque et le Caura_, p. 183.

[404] See the Vocabularies.

[405] Consult J. Cassani, _Historia de la Provincia de la Compañia de Jesus del Nuevo Reyno de Granada_, fol. 170, 227 (Madrid, 1741); and Joseph Gumilla, _El Orinoco Ilustrado y Defendido_, p. 65 (Madrid, 1745).

[406] Quoted by Aristides Rojas, _Estudios Indigenas_, p. 183 (Caracas, 1878). This work contains much useful information on the Venezuelan languages.

[407] Jorge S. Hartmann, “Indianerstämme von Venezuela,” in _Orig. Mittheil. aus der Ethnol. Abtheil. der König. Museen zu Berlin_, 1886, s. 162.

[408] Joseph Gumilla, _El Orinoco_, p. 66.

[409] Felipe Perez, _Geografia del Estado de Cundinamarca_, p. 109.

[410] _Historia de la Provincia de Granada_, pp. 87, 93. He calls them a “nacion suave y racional.”

[411] Felipe Perez, _Geografia del Estado de Boyuca_, p. 136.

[412] G. D. Coleti, _Dizionario Storico-Geografico dell’ America Meridionale_, Tom. I. p. 164 (Venezia, 1772).

[413] J. Chaffanjon, _L’Orénoque et le Caura_, p. 121.

[414] “Los Gitanos de las Indias, todo parecido en costumbres y modo de vivir de nuestros Gitanos.” Cassani, _Hist. de la Prov. de Granada_, p. 111. Gumilla remarks: “De la Guajiva salen varias ramas entre la gran variedad de Chiricoas.” (_El Orinoco Ilustrado_, etc. Tom. II. p. 38.)

[415] Chaffanjon, _L’Orénoque et le Caura_, pp. 177, 183, 187, 197.

[416] The subject is fully discussed from long personal observation by Michelena y Rojas, _Exploracion Oficial de la America del Sur_, p. 346.

[417] See the observations of Level in Michelena y Rojas, _Exploracion Oficial de la America del Sur_, p. 148, sq. The Guaraunos are also well described by Crévaux, _Voyages dans l’Amérique du Sud_, p. 600, sqq. (Paris, 1883), and J. Chaffanjon, _Archives de la Société Américaine de France_, 1887, p. 189. Im Thurn draws a very unfavorable picture of them in his _Indians of British Guiana_, p. 167.

[418] A. Von Humboldt, _Personal Narrative_, Vol. III., p. 216 (Eng. trans. London, 1826).

[419] Joseph Gumilla, _L’Orinoco Ilustrado_, Tom. II., p. 66. They spoke Carib to him, but that was the _lengua general_ of the lower river.

[420] A description of the Correguages and a vocabulary of their dialect are given by the Presbyter Manuel M. Albis, in _Bulletin of the Amer. Ethnol. Soc._, Vol. I., p. 55.

[421] Arthur Simpson, _Travels in the Wilds of Ecuador_, p. 196 (London, 1886). In his appendix the author gives a vocabulary of the Pioje (and also one of the Zaparo).

[422] Printed in the _Bibliothèque Linguistique Américaine_, by M. L. Adam, Tome VIII., p. 52.

[423] Manuel P. Albis, in _Bull. of the Amer. Ethnol. Society_, Vol. I., p. 55.

[424] See the account in the interesting work of Father Cassani, _Historia de la Provincia de la Compañia de Jesus del Nuevo Reyno de Granada_, pp. 231, 232, 257, etc. (Madrid, 1741). He describes the Jiraras as having the same rites, customs and language as the Airicos on the river Ele, p. 96. Gumilla makes the following doubtful statement: “De la lengua Betoya y Jirara, que aunque esta gasta pocas _erres_, y aquella demasiadas, ambas quieren ser matrices, se derivan las lenguas Situfa, Ayrica, Ele, Luculia, Jabue, Arauca, Quilifay, Anaboli, Lolaca, y Atabaca.” (_El Orinoco Ilustrado y Defendido_, Tom. II., p. 38, Madrid, 1745.)

[425] Felipe Perez, _Geografia del Estado de Cundinamarca_, p. 113.

[426] In the _Zeitschrift für Ethnologie_, 1876, s. 336, sq.

[427] _Geografia del Estado de Cundinamarca_, p. 114 (Bogota, 1863).

[428] _Ibid._, _Geografia del Estado de Cauca_, p. 313.

[429] Chaffanjon, _ubi suprá_, p. 203.

[430] He gives _oueni_, water, _zenquerot_, moon, as identical in the Puinavi and Baniva. The first may pass, but the second is incorrect. See his remarks in A. R. Wallace, _Travels on the Amazon and Rio Negro_, p. 528 (London, 1853). A vocabulary of 53 Puinavi words is furnished from Dr. Crévaux’s notes in Vol. VIII. of the _Bibliothèque Linguistique Américaine_ (Paris, 1882).

[431] Ed. André, in _Le Tour du Monde_, 1883, p. 406. But Osculati describes them as tall and fine-looking, with small mustaches. _Esplorazione delle Regioni Equatoriali_, p. 164, sq. (Milano, 1850).

[432] This opinion is supported by Hamy, Villavicencio, and other good authorities.

[433] Hervas, _Catal. de las Lenguas Conocidas_, Tom. I., p. 262. The term _Encabellados_ was applied to the tribe from their custom of allowing the hair to grow to their waist. (_Lettres Edifiantes_, Tom. II., p. 112). The _Pater Noster_ in the Encabellada dialect is printed by E. Teza in his _Saggi Inediti di Lingue Americane_, p. 53 (Pisa, 1868).

[434] In the closing chapters of his _Esplorazione_, above quoted.

[435] An excellent article on the ethnography of this tribe is the “Osservazioni Ethnografiche sui Givari,” by G. A. Colini in _Real. Accad. dei Lincei_, Roma, 1883. See also Alfred Simpson, _Travels in the Wilds of Ecuador_, p. 91, sq. (London, 1886).

[436] Ed. André, in _Le Tour du Monde_, 1883, p. 406.

[437] Prof. Raimondi, in the _Anthropological Review_, Vol. I., p. 33, sq.

[438] “La comunauté d’origine entre les Jivaros et les tribus du grand groupe guaranien se trouvera etablie avec assurance.” Dr. Hamy, “Nouveaux Renseignements sur les Indiens Jivaros,” in the _Revue d’Anthropologie_, 1873, p. 390.

[439] The _Mithridates_ (Bd. III., Ab. II., s. 592) gives from Hervas the Pater Noster in the Maina dialect. Professor Teza (_Saggi inediti di Lingue Americane_, pp. 54-57) has published the Pater Noster, Ave, Credo and Salve in the Cahuapana dialect. They differ but little.

[440] See E. Pöppig, “Die Indiervölker des obern Huallaga,” in his _Reise in Chile und Peru_, Bd. II., ss. 320, 321, 400, etc.

[441] _Literature of American Aboriginal Languages_, p. 12.

[442] Olivier Ordinaire, “Les Sauvages du Perou,” in the _Revue d’Ethnologie_, 1887, p. 320.

[443] For example:

YAHUA. PEBA. Bow, _cano_, _canou_. Ear, _on-tisiu_, _mi-tiwi_. Hair, _rinoncay_, _rainosay_. Head, _fi-rignio_, _raino_. Heart, _hu-iachai_, _ca-iishi_. Forehead, _uno_, _nimo_. Nose, _unirou_, _vinerro_. Woman, _huata_, _uatoa_.

The Yahua has more Kechua elements than the Peba.

[444] _Lettres Edifiantes et Curieuses_, Tome II., p. 112.

[445] Von Martius, _Ethnographie und Sprachenkunde Amerikas_, Bd. I., s. 445.

[446] _Reise in Chile und Peru_, Bd. II., s. 415.

[447] Jose Amich, _Compendio Historico de la Serafica Religion_, etc., pp. 77, 78.

[448] E. Pöppig, _Reise in Chile und Peru_, Bd. II., s. 328 (Leipzig, 1836).

[449] Cf. Olivier Ordinaire, “Les Sauvages du Perou,” in _Revue d’Ethnologie_, 1887, pp. 316, 317.

[450] Von Martius, _Ethnog. und Sprach. Amerikas_, Bd. I., s. 435.

[451] _Compte-Rendu du Cong. Internat. des Américanistes_, 1888, p. 438.

[452] See Dr. L. F. Galt, “The Indians of Peru,” in _Report of the Smithsonian Institution_, 1877, p. 308, sq.

[453] Professor Antonio Raimondi, _Apuntes sobre la Provincia de Loreto_ (Lima, 1862), trans. by Bollaert, in _Jour. Anthrop. Institute_. He states that they speak a dialect of Pano.

[454] D’Orbigny, _L’Homme Américain_, Tome II., p. 262.

[455] W. Chandless, in _Jour. of the Royal Geog. Soc._, Vol. XXXIX., p. 302; Vol. XXXVI., p. 118.

[456] _Ibid._, Vol. XXXVI., p. 123, note.

[457] The Callisecas are now no longer known by that name; but J. Amich has given sufficient reasons to identify them as the ancestors of the tribe later known as the Setibos. See his _Compendio Historico de la Serafica Religion en las Montañas de los Andes_, p. 29 (Paris, 1854). Lieutenant Herndon, however, who describes them as wearing beards, believed they were the ancient Cashibos (_Exploration of the Valley of the Amazon_, p. 209. Washington, 1853).

[458] According to Veigl. See _Mithridates, III._, II. 580, 581, 583.

[459] Called also _Mananaguas_, “mountaineers,” and believed by Waitz to have been the _Manoas_ among whom an old missionary found an elder of the tribe rehearsing the annals of the nation from a hieroglyphic scroll (_Anthropologie der Naturvölker_, Bd. III., s. 541). The real Manoas or Manaos belong to the Arawak stock.

[460] W. Chandless, in _Journal of the Royal Geographical Society_, Vol. XXXVI., p. 118; Vol. XXXIX., p. 311.

[461] _Ethnographie und Sprachenkunde_, Bd. I., s. 414.

[462] Von Martius, _Ibid._, p. 422.

[463] _Scottish Geographical Magazine_, 1890, p. 242.

[464] _Proceedings of the Royal Geog. Society_, 1889, p. 501.

[465] Muratori, _Il Cristianesimo Felice_, p. 27 (Venezia, 1743). Father Fernandez gives the names of 69 bands of the Manacicas (_Lettres Edifiantes et Curieuses_, Tom. II., p. 174).

[466] A grammar of it has been edited by MM. Adam and Henry, _Arte de la lengua Chiquita_, Paris, 1880. (_Bibliothèque Linguistique Américaine_, Tom. VI.) The sub-divisions of the Chiquitos are so numerous that I refrain from encumbering my pages with them. See D’Orbigny, _L’Homme Américain_, Tom. II., p. 154, and authorities there quoted.

[467] Hervas, _Catalogo de las Lenguas Conocidas_, Tom. I., p. 159.

[468] Alcide D’Orbigny, _L’Homme Américain_, Vol. I., p. 356, sq. Among the D’Orbigny MSS. in the Bibliothèque Nationale, I found an inedited grammar and dictionary of the Yurucari language. It would be very desirable to have this published, as our present knowledge of the tongue rests on a few imperfect vocabularies. The work is doubtless that by P. la Cueva, mentioned in H. Ludewig, _Lit. of Amer. Aborig. Languages_, p. 206; but the author and editor of that work were in error in classing the Tacana and Maropa as members of the Yurucari stock. They belong to a different family.

[469] _L’Homme Américain_, Tom. I., p. 374.

[470] _Scottish Geographical Magazine_, 1890.

[471] E. Heath, _Kansas City Review_, April, 1883. He gives vocabularies of Tacana and Maropa. A devotional work has been printed in Tacana.

[472] _Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society_, 1889, p. 498.

[473] De Laet, quoted in _Mithridates_, Th. III., Ab. II., s. 577.

[474] “En Aten se habla la Leca por ser este pueblo de Indios Lecos.” _Descripcion de las Misiones de Apolobamba_ (Lima, 1771).

[475] Weddell, _Voyage dans la Bolivie_, p. 453 (quoted by Waitz).

[476] Most of the Samucus were gathered at the mission of St. Ignatius. Father Chomé remarks, “Les Zamucos, Cuculados, Tapios et Ugaronos parlent à peu prés la même langue.” _Lettres Edifiantes_, Tome II., p. 191. See also D’Orbigny, _L’Homme Américain_, Tom. II., p. 142.

[477] D’Orbigny, _L’Homme Américain_, Tome II., p. 247.

[478] Professor E. Teza gives some texts in his _Saggi Inediti di Lingue Americane_, pp. 40, 41; and Mr. E. Heath has supplied a careful vocabulary of recent date (_Kansas City Review_, April, 1883).

[479] Texts of the Pater, Ave and Credo are given by E. Teza, _Saggi Inediti di Lingue Americane_, p. 51.

[480] D’Orbigny, _L’Homme Américain_, Tome II., p. 257.

[481] _Descripcion de las Misiones del Alto Peru_, 12mo, Lima, 1771. The only copy of this work which I have seen, and that an imperfect one, is in the Collection Angrand, in the Bibliothèque Nationale, Paris. Among the MSS. of this great library is a _Confessionario_ in Itonama, which should be published as perhaps the only text of the language extant. Some remarks on its phonetics may be found in D’Orbigny, _L’Homme Américain_, Tome II., p. 239.

[482] According to Father Fernandez there were, in 1726, 30,000 converts under the care of the Moxos Mission, and fifteen different languages were spoken, “qui ne se ressemblent nullement.” _Lettres Edifiantes_, Tom. II., p. 161.

[483] See von Martius, _Ethnographie und Sprachenkunde_, Bd. I., s. 412. Professor Teza gives the Pater, Ave and Credo in the Mura dialect of Bolivia (_Saggi inediti di Lingue Americane_, p. 43).

[484] Pater, an Ave and a Credo. _Saggi inediti di Lingue Americane_, pp. 48, 49. The author of the _Descripcion_, however, distinguishes between the _Ocoronos_ and the _Rotoroños_, both at the Moxos Mission.

[485] See _Mithridates_, Th. II., s. 577.

[486] The Capesacos and Menepes were others. Nicolas del Techo, _Historia Provinciæ Paraquariæ_, Lib. XII., cap. 33.

[487] The word _chaco_, properly _chacu_, in Kechua is applied to game driven into pens. Lozano says it was used metaphorically in reference to the numerous tribes driven from their homes into the forests (_Descrip. Chronograph. del Gran Chaco_, p. 1).

[488] Del Techo, _ubi suprá_, Lib. I., cap. 41.

[489] _Historia de Abiponibus_, Vienna, 1784. An English translation, London, 1822.

[490] Pedro Lozano, _Descripcion del Gran Chaco_, pp. 62-65.

[491] “C’est _à_ peine s’il en reste aujourd’hui trois ou quatre individus.” D’Orbigny MS. in the Bibliothèque Nationale. This was written about 1834.

[492] A. J. Carranza, _Expedicion al Chaco Austral_, p. 422 (Buenos Aires, 1884). This author gives a useful vocabulary of the Toba, together with a number of familiar phrases.

[493] A comparison of their tongue is instituted by Martius, _Ethnographie und Sprachenkunde_, Bd. II., s. 131. See also _Ibid._, Bd. I., s. 244.

[494] Lozano, _Descripcion Chorographica del Gran Chaco_, p. 83.

[495] Richard Rohde, in _Orig. Mitt. Eth. Abth. König. Mus._, 1885, s. 13. Von Martius identified the Cadioéos with the Cadigues of the Payaguas, which is open to doubt (_Ethnographie_, Bd. I., 226).

[496] _Descripcion del Gran Chaco_, pp. 73, 76, 77.

[497] _Compte-Rendu du Cong. Internat. des Américanistes_, 1888, p. 510, quoted by M. Lucien Adam.

[498] _Arte y Vocabulario de la Lengua Lule y Tonicote_ (Madrid, 1732).

[499] Printed in Gilii, _Saggio di Storia Americana_, Tom. III., p. 363.

[500] _Catalogo de las Lenguas Conocidas_, Tom. I., pp. 165-173.

[501] Pedro Lozano, _Descripcion Chorographica del Gran Chaco_, pp. 94-97 (Cordoba, 1733).

[502] As shown by Adelung, _Mithridates_, Bd. II., s. 508.

[503] S. A. L. Quevede has undertaken to show that the real Lule were the hill tribes of the Anconquija range and their tongue the Cacana (_American Anthropologist_, 1890, p. 64).

[504] Del Techo, _Historia Provinciæ Paraquariæ_, Lib. II., cap. 20.

[505] _Otto Mesi nel Gran Ciacco_ (Firenze, 1881).

[506] “Nacion la mas vil del Chaco.” Hervas, _Catalogo de las Lenguas Conocidas_, Tom. I., p. 164.

[507] Lozano, _Descripcion del Gran Chaco_, pp. 75, 76.

[508] _Ethnographie und Sprachenkunde_, Bd. I., s. 225-6.

[509] _Lettres Edifiantes et Curieuses_, Tome II., pp. 96, 97.

[510] _Viage del P. F. Pedro Parras desde Aragon á Indias en 1748_, MS.

[511] Printed in the _Revista de la Sociedad Geografica Argentina_, 1887, p. 352. I have compared this with the Payagua text given in the _Mithridates_, Bd. III., 490, but the latter is so obscure that I derived no data for a decision as to the identity of the dialects.

[512] _L’Homme Américain_, Tom. II., p. 116.

[513] _Ethnographie und Sprachenkunde_, Bd. I., 226.

[514] _Lettres Edifiantes et Curieuses_, Tome II., p. 165.

[515] _Catalogo de las Lenguas_, Tom. I., p. 185.

[516] Pedro Lozano, _Historia de la Conquista de Paraguay_, Tom. I., p. 407 (Ed. Buenos Aires, 1873).

[517] D’Orbigny, _L’Homme Américain_, Tom. II., p. 83.

[518] _Zeitschrift für Ethnologie_, 1889, s. 658.

[519] _Lettres Edifiantes et Curieuses_, Tome II., p. 107.

[520] _Ethnographie und Sprachenkunde_, Bd. I., s. 245, 246. A good vocabulary is supplied by Castelnau, _Expédition_, Tome V., Appendix.

[521] Richard Rohde, in the _Orig. Mittheil. der Ethnol. Abtheil d. Mus. zu Berlin_, 1885, s. 15.

[522] On the ruins of their fortresses and tombs, see Vincente G. Quesada, _Estudios Historicos_, pp. 45-48 (Buenos Aires, 1864).

[523] Nicolas del Techo, _Hist. Prov. Paraquariæ_, Lib. V., cap. 23.

[524] See Von Tschudi, in _Verhand. der Berlin. Anthrop. Gesell._, 1885, s. 184, sqq. This traveler could find no relics of the tongue in the ancient Calchaqui district, which he visited in 1858. The only languages then were Spanish and Kechua (_Reisen_, Bd. V., s. 84).

[525] Virchow, in _Verhand. der Berlin. Anthrop. Gesell._, 1884, s. 375.

[526] D’Orbigny, _L’Homme Américain_, Vol. II., p. 11.

[527] Barcena’s report is published in the _Relaciones Geograficas de Indias_, Peru, Tom. II.

[528] Dr. Darapsky remarks that the Araucanians first crossed the Andes into the Pampas about 300 years ago (_La Lengua Araucana_, p. 4, Santiago de Chile, 1888). This is true, but the tribes they found there were members of their own stock.

[529] Some have derived these names from the Kechua, _aucca_, enemy; but I am convinced by the examples of Federico Barbara, _Manuel de la Lengua Pampa_, p. 6 (Buenos Aires, 1879), that at any rate the same root belongs to the Araucanian.

[530] Dr. Martin de Moussy gives an interesting sketch of these people in the _Annuaire du Comité d’Archæologie Américaine_, 1865, p. 218, sq.

[531] The chief source of information on this tribe is Col. Lucio de Mansilla, _Una Escursion á los Indios Ranqueles_, Vol. II. (Buenos Aires, 1870). The name Ranqueles means “thistle people,” from the abundance of that plant in their country.

[532] G. Coleti, _Dizionario dell’ America Meridionale_, s. v., _Cuyo_.

[533] Valdivia, _Arte de la Lengua Chilena_. Ed. Lima, 1607.

[534] Lt. Musters, “On the Races of Patagonia,” in _Journal of the Anthropological Institute_, Vol. I., p. 205.

[535] Paolo Riccardi, in _Memoire della Soc. Ethnograf. di Firenze_, 1879, p. 139; also the estimable work of Jose T. Medina, _Los Aborijenes de Chile_ (Santiago, 1882).

[536] Bernard Havestadt, _Chilidugu, sive Res Chilenses_ (Westphalia, 1777. Reprint by Julius Platzmann, Leipzig, 1883).

[537] Many of these are portrayed in the work of Medina, _Los Aborijenes de Chile_, above referred to.

[538] Nicolas del Techo, _Historia Provinciæ Paraquariæ_, Lib. VI., Cap. IX.

[539] The Boroas live on the Tolten river, and have blue eyes, a fair complexion, and aquiline noses. Pablo Treuter, _La Provincia de Valdivia y los Araucanos_, p. 52, note (Santiago de Chile, 1861). E. Pöppig, _Reise in Chili und Peru_, Bd. I., s. 463 (Leipzig, 1836).

[540]

“Mi nombre es Glaura, en fuerte hora nacida, Hija del buen cacique Quilacura De la sangre de Frisio esclarecida.”

Alonso de Ercilla, _La Araucana_, Canto XXVIII.

Faulkner and others refer to these as the _Cessares_ (_Description of Patagonia_, p. 113, Hereford, 1774). There was such a tribe, and it was made the subject of a Utopian sketch, _An Account of the Cessares_, London, 1764.

[541] See Petermann’s _Mittheilungen_, 1883, s. 404, and compare the same, 1878, s. 465. Dr. Martin elsewhere gives a vocabulary of the Chauques of Chiloe. It is pure Araucanian (_Zeitschrift für Ethnologie_, 1877, s. 168).

[542] On the stature of the Patagonians, see the very complete study of D’Orbigny, _L’Homme Américain_, Vol. II., pp. 26-70.

[543] Lt. Musters, “On the Races of Patagonia,” u. s., p. 194, sq.

[544] Ramon Lista, _Mis Esploraciones y Descubrimientos en Patagonia_, p. 116 (Buenos Aires, 1880). This author gives, pp. 125-130, a full vocabulary of the “Choonke” as it is in use to-day.

[545] _Ethnographie und Sprachenkunde_, Bd. I., s. 313.

[546] _Lettres Ed. et Curieuses_, Tome II., p. 88; Hervas, _Catalogo de las Lenguas_, Tom. I., p. 136.

[547] See Lucien Adam, _Grammaire de la Langue Jagane_ (Paris, 1885). Dr. Darapsky thinks this tongue reveals a common point of divergence with “los idiomas meso-Andinos.” _Boletin del Instituto Geog. Argentino_, 1889, p. 287.

[548] See Dr. Hyades, in _Revue d’Ethnographie_, Tome IV., No. VI., and the chapter “L’Ethnographie des Fuégiens,” in L. F. Martial, _Mission Scientifique du Cap-Horn_, Tome I., Chap. VI. (Paris, 1888). _Yakana-cunni_ means “foot people,” as they did not use horses.

[549] Dr. Domenico Lovisato, in _Cosmos_, 1884, fas. IV.

[550] Dr. Johann Seitz, in _Zeitschrift für Ethnologie_, 1886, pp. 267, 268.

[551] Domenico Lovisato, _ubi suprá_.

[552] At the Congrès des Américanistes, Paris, 1890.

I. INDEX OF AUTHORS.

Abbott, C. C., 27, 77.

Acosta, J., 172, 178, 187, 191.

Acosta, Jos., 221.

Adair, J., 18.

Adelung, J. C., 165, 312.

Adam, L., 56, 90, 146, 163, 169, 170, 184, 247, 257, 274, 296, 311, 329, 341, 350, 352, 354.

Albis, M. I., 199, 200, 254, 274, 275, 343.

Alcedo, A., 182, 221.

Ameghino, F., 28.

Amich, J., 243, 288, 291.

André, E., 197, 208, 280, 283.

Angelis, P. de, 361.

Angrand, L., 304.

Anthony, A. S., 79.

Araoz, J., 314.

Araujo, J., 288.

Armentia, N., 358.

Aughey, Prof. 26.

Babbitt, F., 25.

Baegert, J., 112.

Balbi, A., 165.

Baligny, W., 366.

Bancroft, H. H., 138.

Bandelier, A. F., 45, 72, 116, 141.

Barbara, F., 322.

Barber, E. A., 114.

Barcena, A. de, 170, 311, 320, 321.

Barcena, M., 27.

Barnard, J. G., 143.

Barreda, P., 144.

Bartlett, J. R., 111.

Bartram, W., 87.

Bastian, A., 206, 221, 225, 348.

Bates, H. W., 35.

Beaumont, P. 138.

Berendt, C. H., 144, 149, 151, 152, 186, 340-2.

Beristain y Souza, 147.

Bertonio, L., 217, 218.

Bliss, J. P., 148.

Boas, F., 47, 60, 104, 106, 366.

Bollaert, W., 195, 198, 202, 206, 290.

Bourke, J. G., 71, 115, 123, 125.

Brackett, A. G., 120.

Branner, J. C., 241.

Bransford, J. F., 164.

Brasseur de Bourbourg, 156, 158.

Brinton, D. G., 17, 24, 38, 45, 78, 79, 88, 91, 135, 158, 161, 166, 241, 256.

Brühl, G., 45, 132, 211.

Buckley, C., 209.