Part 27
_Restaurateur._—A tavern-keeper who provides dinners, &c.
_Résumé._—An abstract or summary.
_Resurgam._—I shall rise again.
_Revenons à nos moutons._—Let us return to our subject.
_Rex._—King.
_Rouge._—Red colouring for the skin.
_Rouge et noir._—Red and black (a kind of game.)
_Rus in urbe._—The country in town.
_Ruse contre ruse._—Diamond cut diamond: trick for trick.
_Ruse de guerre._—A stratagem of war.
_Salle._—Hall.
_Salus populi suprema lex est._—The welfare of the people is in the supreme law.
_Salvo pudore._—Without offence to modesty.
_Sanctum sanctorum._—Holy of Holies.
_Sang-froid._—Coolness; self-possession.
_Sans._—Without.
_Sans cérémonie._—Without ceremony.
_Sans peur et sans reproche._—Without fear and without reproach.
_Sans souci._—Without care; free and easy.
_Sans tâche._—Stainless.
_Sans-culottes._—Without breeches: a term applied to the rabble of the French Revolution.
_Sartor resartus._—The cobbler mended.
_Satis, superque._—Enough, and more than enough.
_Satis verborum._—Enough of words; you need say no more.
_Sauve qui peut._—Save himself who can.
_Savant._—A learned man.
_Savoir-faire._—Ability; skill.
_Scandalum magnatum._—Scandal of the great.
_Scienter._—Knowingly.
_Scilicet._—That is to say; to wit.
_Scire facias._—Cause it to be known.
_Scripsit._—Wrote it.
_Sculpsit._—Engraved it: placed after the engraver’s name in prints.
_Secundum artem._—According to rule.
_Selon les règles._—According to rule.
_Semper fidelis._—Always faithful.
_Semper idem._—Always the same.
_Semper paratus._—Always ready.
_Senatûs consultum._—A decree of the senate.
_Seriatim._—In order; successively.
_Si quæris peninsulam amœnam, circumspice._—If thou seekest a beautiful peninsula, behold it here.
_Sic in originali._—So it stands in the original.
_Sic itur ad astra._—Such is the way to immortality.
_Sic passim._—So everywhere.
_Sic semper tyrannis._—So be it ever to tyrants.
_Sic transit gloria mundi._—Thus passes away the glory of the world.
_Sicut ante._—As before.
_Similia similibus curantur._—Like things are cured by like.
_Simplex munditiis._—Of simple elegance.
_Sine die._—Without naming a day.
_Sine invidiâ._—Without envy.
_Sine qua non._—An indispensable requisite.
_Siste, viator._—Stop, traveller.
_Sobriquet._—A nickname.
_Soi-disant._—Self-styled; pretended.
_Soirée._—An evening party.
_Souvenir._—Remembrance; a keepsake.
_Spartam nactus es, hanc exorna._—You have got something good; make the most of it you can.
_Spectas et spectaberis._—You will see and be seen.
_Spes mea Christus._—Christ is my hope.
_Spolia opima._—The richest booty.
_Stans pede in uno._—Standing on one foot.
_Statu quo_, or _in statu quo_.—In the same state.
_Stet._—Let it stand.
_Suaviter in modo, fortiter in re._—Gentle in manner, resolute in deed.
_Sub judice._—Under consideration.
_Sub rosâ._—Under the rose; privately.
_Sub silentio._—In silence.
_Subpœna._—Under a penalty: a summons to attend a court as a witness.
_Succedaneum._—A substitute.
_Sui generis._—Of its own kind; peculiar.
_Summum bonum._—The chief good.
_Supersedeas._—A writ to stay proceedings.
_Super visum corporis._—Upon a view of the body.
_Suppressio veri, suggestio falsi._—A suppression of the truth is the suggestion of a falsehood.
_Supra._—Above.
_Suum cuique._—Let every one have his own.
_Table d’hôte._—An ordinary at which the master of the hotel presides.
_Tabula rasa._—A smooth or blank tablet.
_Tædium vitæ._—Weariness of life.
_Tale quale._—Such as it is.
_Tant mieux._—So much the better.
_Tant pis._—So much the worse.
_Tapis._—The carpet.
_Tartuffe._—A nickname for a hypocritical devotee, derived from the principal character in Molière’s comedy so called.
_Te judice._—You may judge.
_Tempora mutantur, et nos mutamur in illis._—The times are changed, and we are changed with them.
_Tempus edax rerum._—Time the devourer of all things.
_Tempus fugit._—Time flies.
_Tempus omnia revelat._—Time reveals all things.
_Teres atque rotundus._—Smooth and round; polished and complete.
_Terra firma._—Solid earth; a safe footing.
_Terra incognita._—An unknown country.
_Terre tenant._—A person in actual possession of the land.
_Tertium quid._—A third something; a nondescript.
_Tête-à-tête._—A conversation between two parties.
_Tirade._—A tedious and bitter harangue.
_Ton._—The fashion.
_Torso._—The fragmentary trunk of a statue.
_Tort._—A wrong; an injury.
_Tot homines, quot sententiæ._—So many men, so many minds.
_Totidem verbis._—In just so many words.
_Toties quoties._—As often as.
_Toto cœlo._—By the whole heavens; diametrically opposite.
_Toto corde._—With the whole heart.
_Toujours prêt._—Always ready.
_Tour à tour._—By turns.
_Tout bien ou rien._—The whole or nothing.
_Tout ensemble._—The whole.
_Tria juncta in uno._—Three united in one.
_Tu quoque, Brute!_—And thou too, Brutus!
_Tuebor._—I will defend.
_Tutto è buono che vien da Dio._—All is good which comes from God.
_Tuum est._—It is your own.
_Ubi jus incertum, ibi jus nullum._—Where the law is uncertain, there is no law.
_Ubi libertas, ibi patria._—Where liberty dwells, there is my country.
_Ubi supra._—Where above mentioned.
_Ultima ratio regum._—The last argument of kings; military weapons; war.
_Ultima Thule._—The utmost boundary or limit.
_Ultimatum._—A final answer or decision.
_Un bel esprit._—A wit; a virtuoso.
_Un sot à triple étage._—An egregious blockhead.
_Unâ voce._—With one voice; unanimously.
_Unique._—Singular; the only one of its kind.
_Usque ad nauseam._—To disgust.
_Usus loquendi._—Usage in speaking.
_Ut infra._—As below.
_Uti possidetis._—As you possess; state of present possession.
_Utile dulci._—Utility with pleasure.
_Vade-mecum._—Go with me; a constant companion.
_Væ victis._—Woe to the vanquished!
_Vale._—Farewell.
_Valet-de-chambre._—A servant who assists his master in dressing.
_Variæ lectiones._—Various readings.
_Veluti in speculum._—As in a mirror.
_Venditioni exponas._—That you expose to sale; writ of execution.
_Veni, vidi, vici._—I came, I saw, I conquered.
_Venire._—To come; a writ to a sheriff directing him to summon jurors.
_Venue._—The place from which the jury are drawn.
_Verbatim et literatim._—Word for word and letter for letter.
_Verbum sat sapienti._—A word is enough for a wise man.
_Verdad es verde._—Truth is green.
_Veritas vincit._—Truth conquers.
_Versus._—Against; toward.
_Vertu_, _Virtù_.—Virtue; taste; art; skill.
_Veto._—I forbid.
_Vi et armis._—By force and arms.
_Viâ._—By the way of.
_Via media._—A middle course.
_Vice._—In the room of.
_Vice versâ._—The terms being exchanged; reversely.
_Vide._—See.
_Vide et crede._—See and believe.
_Vide ut supra._—See as above.
_Videlicet._—To wit, namely.
_Videttes._—Sentinels on horseback.
_Vignette._—A name given to slight engravings with which books, bank-notes, &c. are ornamented.
_Vincit amor patriæ._—Love of country prevails.
_Vinculum matrimonii._—The bond of marriage.
_Virtuoso._—One skilled in matters of taste or art.
_Virtute officii._—By virtue of office.
_Vis inertiæ._—Inert power; the tendency of every body to remain at rest.
_Vis medicatrix naturæ._—The healing tendency of nature.
_Vis poetica._—Poetic genius.
_Vis vitæ._—The vigour of life.
_Vis-à-vis._—Face to face.
_Vita brevis, ars longa._—Life is short, and art is long.
_Vivâ voce._—By word of mouth; by the living voice.
_Vivant rex et regina._—Long live the king and queen.
_Vivat regina._—Long live the queen.
_Vivat respublica._—Live the republic.
_Vive la bagatelle._—Success to trifling.
_Vive la reine._—Long live the queen.
_Vive l’empereur._—Long live the emperor.
_Vive le roi._—Long live the king.
_Vive l’impératrice._—Long live the empress.
_Vive, vale._—Farewell, and be happy.
_Voilà tout._—That’s all.
_Voilà une autre chose._—That’s quite a different matter.
_Voir dire._—A preliminary examination to determine the competency of a witness.
_Volens et potens._—Willing and able.
_Volgo gran bestia._—The mob is a great beast.
_Volere è potere._—To will is to do.
_Volti subito._—Turn over quickly.
_Vox, et præterea nihil._—A voice, and nothing more.
_Vox populi, vox Dei._—The people’s voice is God’s voice.
_Vox stellarum._—The voice of the stars: applied to almanacs.
_Vulgò._—Vulgarly; commonly.
_Vuelta._—Over, to next page or (o.)
_Vulnus immedicabile._—An irreparable injury.
_Vultus est index animi._—The countenance is the index of the mind.
_Zonam solvere._—To loose the virgin zone.
INDEX.
Abbreviated syllables, 15.
Abbreviations, list of, 344-356.
_Abecedarium_, probably the earliest attempt at printing, 11.
Accents and aspirates, Greek, 99-101. Hebrew, 106-108. Russian, 112, 113.
Accented letters, 67.
Acids used in making paper spoil the effect of ink, 276, 277.
Adams, Isaac, inventor of the bed-and-platen power-press, 237, 238.
Adhesion of paper, how to prevent, 316.
Admiration, sign of, 63.
Agate type, specimen of, 54.
Alcfrid, Runic memorial of, 89.
_Alexandri Galli Doctrinale_, one of the first printed books, 10.
Almanac, first printed book in the Middle Colonies, 16, 17.
Alphabet, Anglo-Saxon, 91. English, 58. German, 94. Greek, 98. Hebrew, 104. Hieroglyphic, 84. Runes, 86-90. Russian, 112, 113.
Alterations in a proof justly chargeable, 204, 205, 211. not allowable in reprints of old and standard authors, 202.
Amber ink, how to produce, 288.
Ambiguous and compound words to be set uniformly, 202.
American type, superior quality of, 23.
_American Weekly Mercury_, third newspaper in America, 17.
Ancient ornaments, exquisite and curious, 15, 16. press, clumsy, 235. typographical peculiarities, 15.
Anglo-Saxon characters, how originated, 51. alphabetical table of, 91. cases for, 92, 93. Lord’s Prayer in, 51. runes, table of, 88.
Apostrophe, how used, 63, 64.
_Appeal against the Turks_, of 1454, 11.
Applegath and Cowper, improvers of the cylinder press, 238, 239.
Apprentice, how to instruct an, 122. must be punctual, obedient, and courteous, 123. qualifications required in an, 121. ridiculous practices to be avoided by, 122.
Apprentices, advice to, 137, 138.
Arithmetical figures, when introduced, 70.
Article, the indefinite, rule for using, 318.
Ascending letters, 59.
Asterisk, use of, 66.
Astronomical signs, 73, 74.
Authors, detention of proofs by, 205. hints to, 211. impatience of, 205. whims of, 61.
Automatic counter, illustrated, 310. machine, for casting and finishing type, 23.
Backing long or short pages, 133.
Baine, John, sets up a type-foundry in Philadelphia, 19.
_Bay Psalm-Book_, first book printed at Cambridge, 16.
Bearers on hand-presses, how prepared, 259, 277, 278, 281.
Beaumont, Victor, inventor of serrated cutting blade, 242.
Beginners, ironical rules for, 139, 140.
Bewcastle cross, Runic inscription on, 89.
Bible, first, printed at Mentz, by Gutenberg, Fust and Schœffer, in 1455, of which there are four copies in Europe and two in the United States, 11. Brinley’s, 11. German, printed in Germantown, by Saur, 19. Lenox’s, 11. Mazarin, 11. printed in Iceland in 1584, 14. quarto, in standing type, in Philadelphia, 26.
_Biblia Pauperum_, attributed to Koster, 10.
Bill of type, 57.
Binny, Archibald, first successful founder in Philadelphia, 19, 20. improver of the type-mould, 19, 42.
Black letter, when used, 51.
Blades, William, 14.
Blaeu, Willem Jansen, early inventor of a press, 235.
Blankets for wood-cut printing, 282. India-rubber, 266. thick paper, 266. Welsh flannel, 266. when to be used, 257, 266.
Blanking, remarks concerning, 259.
Bleaching powders deleterious, 276.
Block books, 10.
Blue ink, how to make, 287, 288.
Bodkin, how to use the, 208, 209. illustrated, 209, 210.
Books, cheapening of, due to steam-presses, 240. early, printed in Gothic character, 16. first, printed on one side of the leaf only, 10. how to preserve, 317.
Book-folding machine, illustrated, 249.
Borders, 80, 120.
_Boston Gazette_, second newspaper published in America, 17. _News-Letter_, first newspaper published in America, 17.
Bourgeois, specimen of, 54.
Boxwood, description of good, 36. liable to warp, 282, 283. quoin, 306.
Braces, use of, 75.
Bracket, how used, 65.
Bradford, William, first printer in the Middle Colonies, 16, 17.
Brass rules, remarks concerning, 80. slotted corners, description of, 44.
Break-lines improperly driven over, 133. should never begin a page, 133.
Brevier, specimen of, 54.
Brilliant, smallest type in America, 52. specimen of, 54.
Brinley’s collection of Bibles, 11.
British founders reject American casting-machines, 23.
Bronze printing, how executed, 284, 285.
Brown ink, how to produce, 288.
Bruce, David and George, type-founders in New York, 21, 22. David, Jr., type-casting machine invented by, 22.
Bullock, William, inventor of the first perfecting press, 242-244. chain-running press, 244. self-feeding perfecting press, illustrated, 243.
Bundle of paper described, 294.
Cabinet for chases, illustrated, 231. with galley-top, illustrated, 304.
Cabinets, job cases should be kept in, 304. of cases, for sorts, quads, etc., illustrated, 219-221. should be kept in perfect order, 221.
Cambridge, first press in North America at, 16.
Campbell’s cylinder presses, 239, 246. self-feeding perfecting press, 246.
Cancelled figures, 70.
Capital, good character is, 138. letters, 58-60. letters, how to use, 59, 60.
Card-cutters, 309. printing, directions for, 283, 284. sheets, chart for cutting, (Le Blond,) 302.
Carey, Mathew, 26.
Cases, American plan of Roman, 124, 125. blank, 303. German, 96, 97. Greek, 102, 103. Hebrew, 109, 111. how to label job, 304. job, 302. labour-saving lead, 303. labour-saving rule, 82, 302. labour-saving slug, 303. music, 117-119. number of, to a fount, 128. proposed improvement in, 126. quotation furniture, 303. Saxon, 92, 93. triple job, 302.
Caslon, William, 18.
Cassie quires, why so called, 294.
Casting off copy, methods of, 223-226.
Catch-words, first used at Venice, 16. in titles, how to be set, 134.
Caxton, William, introduces printing into England, 14. his first types not cast or founded, 13.
Centennial Exhibition, 1876, presses exhibited at, 244-246. fast printing at, 245.
Chalcography, inventor of, 34.
Chromo-lithography, 29.
Chromos, printed on cylinder presses, 31.
_Chronicle of Cologne_, 9.
Cicero, French and German name for Pica, 53.
Circular quadrates, 78.
Clicker, or maker-up, duties of, 226-228.
Clymer, George, inventor of the Columbian press, 236, 237.
Colon, use of, 62.
Colorito, Abraham, printer at Soncino, 1488, 14.
Colour, uniformity in, 263, 278, 279.
Coloured inks, how to make, 286-288. printing, instructions for, 285-287.
Colours, contrast of, 289-292. how to multiply, 288. how to use dry, 287, 288.
Columbian press, illustrated, 236. introduced into England, 237.
Combination borders, 80, 120.
Comma, use of, 62.
Commercial post paper, size of, 298. signs, 71.
Companionships, how managed, 228-232. misunderstandings in, 228.
Composing, directions for, 129-136. how to avoid errors in, 130. position in, 127. rule, steel, illustrated, 228. sticks, illustrated, 305. screw, the best for fixed measures, 305.
Composition rollers, how to make, 252-254, 311, 312. how to wash, 253. melting-kettle for, illustrated, 252.
Compositors, differences in 218. rules to be observed by, 233, 234.
Compound words, 64, 65, 331.
Contents, rules for, 135.
Continuous sheet, printing from a, 242.
Contrast of colours, 289-292.
Conversation in a printing office to be avoided, 234.
Copy, casting off, 223-226. takes of, should be small, 221. to be carefully prepared, 204.
Copyholder, illustrated, 309.
Copyrights, how to secure, 333-335. application to be made to Librarian of Congress, 333. cannot be granted upon trade-marks or labels, 335. duration of, 334. form of notice, 334. penalty for false notice, 334. renewal of, 334.
Cork bearers, 259.
Corner quadrates, illustrated, 307.
Corpus, German name for Long Primer, 54.
Correcting in the metal, 207-211. directions for, 208-210. rules for, in a companionship, 231, 232.
Coster, (see Koster,) 9-11.
Cottrell & Babcock’s cylinder presses, 239.
Counting out sheets, 297.
Courtesy, importance of, 123.
Creases and wrinkles in paper, how to remove, 263.
Cross-bar, how to avoid springing, 148.
Crown paper, size of, 298.
Cut-in notes, how adjusted, 131, 132.
Cuts, how to make ready, 280-283.
Cylinder press, invention of the, 238. presses, making ready on, 265-275.
Dagger or obelisk, use of, 66.
Dash, use of, 63.
Dates, method of, during the French Republic, 69.
Daye, John, Anglo-Saxon types first cut by, 51.
Daye, Stephen, first printer in North America, 16.
Dedications, how displayed, 135. position of, 135.
Degener & Weiler’s Liberty press, illustrated, 246, 247.
Delicate impression, how to produce, 281, 282.
Demy paper, size of, 298.
Derivation of English words, 324-326.
Descending letters, 59.
De Vinne’s history of the invention of printing, 12.
Diamond type, specimen of, 54.
Diphthongs, Greek, 99.
Distributing, directions for, 128, 129. how to wash matter for, 128, 129. pernicious effects from heating type for, 129. proper times for, 129.
Dividing words, rules for, 64, 65.
_Donatus_ of 1451, 11.
Double imperial paper, size of, 298. letters, 59. medium paper, size of, 298. super-royal paper, size of, 298.
Drawing paper, how to be wet, 256.
Dry colours, how to use, 287, 288.
Duck’s bill, to prevent paper from slipping on the tympan, 278.
Duodecimo, or twelves, scheme for imposing sheet of, 165. the same, without cutting, 166. the same, two signatures, 167. half-sheet, 168. the same, without cutting, 168. the same, from the centre, 169. sheet of, from the centre, 170. the same, long way, 171, 172. one-third of a sheet, 171, 172. two half-sheets, together, 173. half-sheet, two signatures, 174.
Earl Stanhope’s printing-press, 236.
Earliest printing-press, 235. written sounds, 83-85.
Egyptian hieroglyphics, specimens of type for printing, 83-85.
Eighteens, scheme for imposing half-sheet of, 176. the same, with two blanks, 176. sheet of, folded together, 177, 178. the same, with one signature, 177, 178. the same, with two signatures, 179, 180. the same, with three signatures, 179, 180. half-sheet of, without transposition, 181.
Electro-stereotyping, 27, 43.
Electrotyping, method of, 27.
Emerald green, 288.
Enamelled cards, to be printed dry, 283, 284.
English type, specimen of, 53.
Engraver’s proof useful to pressmen, 283.
Engravings, copper-plate, 34. how to print, 280-283. how to restore, 317. tools for, 34. wood, 31-34.
Epitaph, printer’s, 208.
Errata, list of, where placed, 136.
Errors inevitable, 136. made in correcting a proof, 203, 204.
_Escala espiritual de San Juan Climaco_, the first book printed in America, 16.
Even impressions on a hand-press, how to obtain, 277-279.
Exclamation, sign of, 63.
Feed-guides, Megill’s, illustrated, 310.
Figgins’s, Vincent, opinion of Caxton’s type, 13.
Figures, arithmetical, 70. old style, 70. scratched or cancelled, 70.
Filling the standing press, 296, 297.
Fine hand-presswork, remarks concerning, 275-279. printing, character of ink required for, 275, 276. paper suitable for, 257. why difficult in the United States, 276, 277.
Finiguerra, Thomas, discoverer of chalcography, 34.
Firefly press, Gordon’s, 247.
Fireproof ink, 314.
Flat cap paper, size of, 298.
Flowers and borders, remarks on, 80.
Fly on cylinder presses, how to be set, 274.
Folding machines, 249.
Folio, imposing single sheet of, 150. paper, size of, 298. two sheets quired, 151, 152.
Follow copy, the compositor’s rule, 204.
Foolscap paper, dimensions of, 298.
Foreign words and phrases, translated, 357-372.
Foreman, duties and qualifications of, 218-232.
Form, how to make ready for hand-press, 257-260. of warehouse book, 293.
Forms, directions for locking up, 147, 148. how to impose, 141, 142. how to wash, 264, 265. precautions in unlocking, 208.
Forties, scheme for imposing half-sheet of, 191.
Forty-eights, scheme for imposing quarter sheet of, with two signatures, 192. the same, without cutting, 193. half-sheet of, 192. the same, three signatures, 193. quarter sheet of, 194.
Foul proof, a grievous fault, 207.
Founders, English, ancient regulations concerning, 18.
Fount of letter, complete, described, 58.
Founts, irregularities of, 58.
Fractions, 70.
Franklin, Benjamin, attempts type-founding, 19. James, establishes the _New England Courant_, 17.
Franklin presses, Gordon’s, 247. illustrated, 246.
Friars, how to obviate, 263.
Frisket, directions for preparing, 258. catch of, how to place, 259.
Full point, use of, 62, 63.
Furniture, how to make up, 144, 145.
Fust, John, connection with Gutenberg and Schœffer, 11, 12.
Gaillarde, French term for Bourgeois type, 54.
Gallows, how to be placed, 259.
_Game of Chess_, first book printed in England by Caxton, 14.
Gauge pins, Megill’s, illustrated, 310.
Ged, William, inventor of stereotyping, 24.
Geometrical signs, 71, 72.
German alphabet, 94. plan of cases for, 96, 97. similar letters elucidated, 94, 95.
Germantown, first paper mill in America, near, 17. first quarto Bible in America, printed at, 19. type cast at, by Saur, 19.
Giving out book paper to wet, 294. paper for jobs, 294, 295.
Globe press, 248.
Glover, Jesse, introduces printing into Cambridge, Mass., 16.
Glue, common prepared, 313. liquid, how to make, 313.
Gold preparation, how to use, 288. printing, how practised, 284, 317. size for gold printing, 284.
Good habits inculcated, 121-123, 137, 138. presswork, conditions for securing, 279.
Gordon’s Franklin press, illustrated, 246. job-presses, 246, 247.
Gothic characters, early books printed in, 16.
Gradation of type bodies, 56.
Grant Thorburn, benevolence of, 239.
Great Primer, specimen of, 53.
Greek accents and aspirates, 98-101. alphabetical table of, 98. letters, numerical value of, 67, 98. ligatures now discarded, 98. numeral letters, table of, 67. plan of cases for, 102, 103. rules for composing, 101.
Green ink, how to make, 288.
Gros Romain, French title for Great Primer, 53.
Guillemet’s quotation marks, 62.
Gutenberg, account of, 9-14.
Gutter-sticks, directions for cutting, 148.
Gypsum in paper, effects of, 276, 277.
Haarlem, the birthplace of printing, 9.
Hand-mould improved by Binny, 20.
Hand-press, how to prepare impression on, 275-279. how to overlay on, 277. bearers used on, 277, 278.
Hand-presswork, fine, how to produce, 275-279.
Handwriting, erroneous notion concerning, 226.
Hanging pages, how to rectify, 208. up paper to dry, 295.
Hansard’s receipt for making rollers, 253, 254.
Hard roller, best for fine work, 267.
Head-lines, how displayed, 131.
Heap of paper, how to treat, 259.
Heated type, pernicious effects from distributing it, 129.