Chapter 1

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THE AMERICAN MISSIONARY

MAY, 1890 VOL. XLIV. NO. 5.

CONTENTS

EDITORIAL.

BALLARD NORMAL SCHOOL, MACON, GA.

TEACHERS' HOME AND GIRLS' DORMITORY, MACON, GA.

REMOVAL--FINANCIAL

OUR MISSION IN ALASKA

SOUTHERN NOTES

FACTS ABOUT BALLARD SCHOOL

BALLARD NORMAL SCHOOL AND CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH, MACON, GA.

INTERIOR OF INDUSTRIAL BUILDING

CHRISTIAN NEGRO LEADERS

CONFERENCE OF EDUCATORS

A PRIZE POEM

THE SOUTH.

NOTES IN THE SADDLE

THEN AND NOW

CENTRAL SOUTH ASSOCIATION

"SIX DAYS SHALT THOU LABOR"

ENCOURAGED AND THANKFUL

TOUGALOO UNIVERSITY

DEATH OF ELI TAPLEY

THE INDIANS.

A JANUARY TRIP

THE CHINESE.

OUR CHINESE WORK

BUREAU OF WOMAN'S WORK.

NOTICE OF MEETING OF STATE UNIONS

LETTER FROM A SOUTHERN LADY

WOMAN'S STATE ORGANIZATIONS

RECEIPTS

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NEW YORK:

PUBLISHED BY THE AMERICAN MISSIONARY ASSOCIATION,

Bible House, Ninth St. and Fourth Ave., New York.

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Price, 50 Cents a Year, in advance.

Entered at the Post Office at New York, N.Y., as second-class matter.

_American Missionary Association_.

PRESIDENT, Rev. WM. M. TAYLOR, D.D., LL.D., N.Y.

_Vice-Presidents_.

Rev. A.J.F. BEHRENDS, D.D., N.Y. Rev. F.A. NOBLE, D.D., Ill. Rev. ALEX. McKENZIE, D.D., Mass. Rev. D.O. MEARS, D.D., Mass. Rev. HENRY HOPKINS, D.D., Mo.

_Corresponding Secretaries_.

Rev. M.E. STRIEBY, D.D., _Bible House, N.Y._ Rev. A.F. BEARD, D.D., _Bible House, N.Y._ Rev. F.P. WOODBURY, D.D., _Bible House, N.Y._

_Recording Secretary_.

Rev. M.E. STRIEBY, D.D., _Bible House, N.Y._

_Treasurer_.

H.W. HUBBARD, Esq., _Bible House, N.Y._

_Auditors._

PETER McCARTEE. CHAS. P. PEIRCE.

_Executive Committee._

JOHN H. WASHBURN, Chairman. ADDISON P. FOSTER, Secretary.

_For Three Years._

S.B. HALLIDAY, SAMUEL HOLMES, SAMUEL S. MARPLES, CHARLES L. MEAD, ELBERT B. MONROE,

_For Two Years._

J.E. RANKIN, WM. H. WARD, J.W. COOPER, JOHN H. WASHBURN, EDMUND L. CHAMPLIN,

_For One Year._

LYMAN ABBOTT, CHAS. A. HULL, CLINTON B. FISK, ADDISON P. FOSTER, ALBERT J. LYMAN.

_District Secretaries._

Rev. C.J. RYDER, 21 _Cong'l House, Boston, Mass._ Rev. J.E. ROY. D.D., 151 _Washington Street, Chicago, Ill._ Rev. C.W. HIATT, 64 _Euclid Ave., Cleveland. Ohio._

_Financial Secretary for Indian Missions._

Rev. CHAS. W. SHELTON.

_Secretary of Woman's Bureau._

Miss D.E. EMERSON, _Bible House, N.Y._

COMMUNICATIONS

Relating to the work of the Association may be addressed to the Corresponding Secretaries; letters for "THE AMERICAN MISSIONARY," to the Editor, at the New York Office; letters relating to the finances, to the Treasurer.

DONATIONS AND SUBSCRIPTIONS

In drafts, checks, registered letters, or post-office orders, may be sent to H.W. Hubbard, Treasurer, Bible House, New York, or, when more convenient, to either of the Branch Offices, 21 Congregational House, Boston, Mass., 151 Washington Street, Chicago, Ill., or 64 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, Ohio. A payment of thirty dollars at one time constitutes a Life Member.

NOTICE TO SUBSCRIBERS.--The date on the "address label," indicates the time to which the subscription is paid. Changes are made in date on label to the 10th of each month. If payment of subscription be made afterward, the change on the label will appear a month later. Please send early notice of change in post-office address, giving the former address and the new address, in order that our periodicals and occasional papers may be correctly mailed.

FORM OF A BEQUEST.

"I BEQUEATH to my executor (or executors) the sum of ---- dollars, in trust, to pay the same in ---- days after my decease to the person who, when the same is payable shall act as Treasurer of the 'American Missionary Association,' of New York City, to be applied, under the direction of the Executive Committee of the Association, to its charitable uses and purposes." The Will should be attested by three witnesses.

THE AMERICAN MISSIONARY.

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VOL. XLIV. MAY, 1890. No. 5.

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American Missionary Association

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REMOVAL.

The Rooms of the American Missionary Association are now in the Bible House, New York City. Correspondents will please address us accordingly.

Visitors will find our Rooms on the sixth floor of the Bible House, corner Ninth Street and Fourth Avenue; entrance by elevator on Ninth Street.

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FINANCIAL.

The first six months of our fiscal year have passed. The receipts for this period are from collections $101,509.44; from estates, $101,179.63; from income, $4,262.91; from tuition, $22,729,32; and from the United States Government for Indian Schools, $8,946.07. Total, $238,627.37.

The meaning of these figures is clear. We rejoice in the enlarging beneficence of the living and of the dead, who live unto God. The tremendous pressure of our providential work is nearer to being felt and met by the American people than ever before. What the Association has done hitherto is no measure of what it has constantly been called to do and is now called to do. It can now meet a few more of the immediate demands urged upon it from its vast and necessitous field. As between faith and fear, we do not hesitate to take the way of faith. We thank God and take courage. Hitherto the Lord hath helped us; He will bless us.

To our living friends we must say: Our work, like all living things, either grows or decays. Those who have been called hence, within these six months, have left us, by their legacies, their bidding to go forward with a growing work. Except by your support, this growth will mean swift, subsequent decay. Our largest work is in a field teeming with great dangers and yet with great possibilities of success. The success depends upon prompt, vigorous and permanent increase. It is yours to empower us to meet in some good degree the call of the hour and of God.

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OUR MISSION IN ALASKA.

We have undertaken to establish a mission school among the Arctic Eskimo Indians of Alaska. The location is to be at Point Prince of Wales at Behrings Strait, the westernmost point of the mainland of America and nearest to Asia. Its distance from the North Pole has not yet been ascertained. The inhabitants are described by Capt. Charles H. Stockton, of the United States Navy, as "the boldest and most aggressive people of all the Arctic coast. They are such a turbulent crowd that the whalers are afraid to visit them and consequently give them a wide berth. It is both the worst people and the most prosperous settlement in that region. They ought to have a mission station."

Dr. Sheldon Jackson, the Secretary of the Territorial Board of Education, says: "On account of the character of the people, I think it would not be safe to send a woman there, at least the first year. I favor the sending of two men at first. If difficulties arise, they will be a mutual strength, and if the teacher gets sick, there will be some one to attend him. From the time that the revenue cutter passes south in August and the whalers in September, these men will be shut up with the natives and thrown upon their own resources and God's protection until the following June or July. I would advise that the missionaries be large men physically, as size impresses the natives favorably, and there may be times when they will need to remove a turbulent man from their room by physical force."

We have sent out our call for the missionaries. It is obvious that none need nor will apply who are not Christian heroes, and who have not in themselves the stuff of which martyrs are made. But this mission will not be alone. In that region, but at vast distances apart, will soon be established Presbyterian, Episcopal, Swedish and Moravian missions.

The Government will refund the $3,000 necessary for the erection of the building, and one church in Connecticut has provided a little over $2,000 to defray current expenses for the first year. This sum will scarcely be adequate for this year, and that generous church, as well as others, must be relied upon to meet future expenses. We believe the hero missionaries will be found, and that a generous support will be given to an enterprise at once so bold, so needed and so promising.

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SOUTHERN NOTES.

BY SECRETARY A.F. BEARD.

In the relationship of the races we are accustomed to speak of the "color prejudice." We know very well that there is a most assertive prejudice against colored people. Rev. Dr. Wright, in his admirable address at Chicago, said, "The cause is this: All free-born people in every age and clime have a contempt for slaves. The sole reason of the persistence of the caste feeling is that the black man belongs to a race which has been enslaved." The inference is, "therefore your character is a servile character."

The common judgment has been that the prejudice is against color. A little observation, however, will show that Southern people have no prejudice against color as such. Color ceases to be repugnant when it ceases to be unfamiliar.

I have been led to conclude that a great part of what is called the color prejudice, may be charged up to the fact of feature. The features, in the people of every race, are offensive when they are coarse and carnal. For example, among a class of the Irish peasantry long ignorance and lowdown life have given to the children an heredity of ingrained coarseness. It is visible in a certain stamp of the features. Education and elevation will gradually reduce the animalism of the face. With good breeding, in generations the lips grow thinner; the face takes on character and even changes in shape.

The Negro condition at present is one of immaturity. The Uncle Rastus side of Negro character and life may be seen every day in the Southern Negro. The immaturity of the race and its revelation and expression in feature and in character, repel more than color does. The antipathy against color in the South is reduced to its very lowest terms, as facts prove.

The way to destroy the prejudice which exists both by association with the ideas of bondage and by features which are not refined, is a common one. Education is the only way. I have been surprised to see how rapidly education, especially religious education and the refining influence of good associations, are eliminating both the idea that color is a badge of a servile mind, and the inherited coarseness of features. The educated children of educated parents are in many instances already showing in their faces the mettle of their pasture. There is a perceptible growth away from immaturity and coarseness of feature, along with the growth away from immaturity of mind.

Twenty-five years, indeed, is a short time for a study of this sort. It is hardly to be counted in the history of a race. A century is but a unit in the problem of a people's history. We have no right to form our judgments yet, as to the place the Negro people may take. What three or four centuries may do for the race is to be settled too remotely for us to testify.

A distinguished educator lately said that he had been disappointed in the intellectual ability and resources of the Negro. The race had not shown itself to be hopeful. I reply, if in twenty-five years we have the few remarkable instances of advancement and attainment which appear, together with a very large general uplift in education and character, may not these facts be the prophecies and pledges of a future that shall not be inferior.

Even now the difference between the uneducated and the educated black man is very striking. The crudeness and the unrefinement in feature are not necessary accompaniments of color. Thick lips do not inherently belong with a dark skin. Coarseness of feature belongs to white people, long degraded, as well, and is to be eliminated in them also by the evolution which takes place in schools and churches.

Here is a race from original heathenism which has come through two hundred years of the darkness of slavery, set free in exceedingly unhelpful conditions, and shut in for the most part to association with illiteracy, bad manners, bad morals and bad habits. Only exceptionally can colored people come near enough to those who are high and good to get much good by seeing what goodness is and how it lives.

Yet, notwithstanding this, history reveals nothing more wonderful than what we see in those who have come from homes which are not homes and from previous degrading influences, as they pass through a term of years in our schools.

When the generations to come from these shall have had for a century the impartial blessings of an intelligent and pure Christianity, the question as to the Negro's place among the races will be nearer solution.

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FACTS ABOUT BALLARD SCHOOL

We present to our readers four pictures giving different views of the Ballard Normal School at Macon, Ga., and add here a description copied from the _Ballard Record:_

Ballard Normal School has this year entered upon the fruition of many earnest hopes and desires, in the opening of the boarding department, in connection with the day school. We have now a large family of boarding pupils living in the beautiful new dormitory, erected last summer through the interest of Mr. Ballard, who gave us our commodious school building one year ago. As memory goes back to the "early days," from 1865 to 1868, when this school was in its infancy, and was taught in various barns, dwelling houses and churches, and as we recall the loss by fire of three buildings in 1876, and the subsequent use of the church and our present carpenter shop for school-rooms, we dwell with gratitude upon the ministrations of friends in past years, and especially upon that visit of Mr. Ballard, which resulted in these handsome buildings. It was thought that our new brick school-house, with seven school-rooms, one recitation-room, and office, would furnish accommodations to all pupils for several years to come. But already, just one year from its dedication, it is found necessary to open an additional school-room in an adjacent building. The enrollment for this year is five hundred and eighty-four. An unusual number of young men and women from neighboring counties, are availing themselves of the opportunities here offered to acquire an education.

We have large classes in sewing and carpentry, and small classes in printing and wood-carving. Classes in cooking will be organized as soon as the industrial kitchen is fitted up.

Several students are working and earning their entire board and tuition. Many more are earning half of their board by working for the institution, and paying the remainder, four dollars per month, from money earned last summer. We are obliged to refuse many applicants, who would be glad to work for half of their board. Any of our friends desiring a "good investment" of benevolence can be supplied with particulars by applying to us.

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CHRISTIAN NEGRO LEADERS.

We conscientiously believe that educated _Christian_ Negroes are to be the safe and trusted leaders of their people in the crisis which is coming in the South. Their wisdom and Christian character will counterbalance the rash and reckless impulses of others of their race, and instead, therefore, of its being unwise to educate the Negro, as some Southern white people believe, the Christian education of these colored people will be the sheet anchor of safety to both whites and blacks in the South. As a specimen of the counsel given by the influential Christian Negro, we clip the following from the _Christian Recorder_ of Philadelphia, the organ of the African Methodist Episcopal Church:

While we believe in all men being courageous, we encourage none to be rash. We are at the mercy of a powerful class. It is always best to remember this and apply the ounce of preventive to save the fifteen ounces of cure. Our brethren must be very careful in respect to the position taken on all subjects. Take no position from which you are likely to be forced to your disadvantage. In all writing and speaking forget not that discretion is the bitter part of valor.

We append, as germane to the subject, the following piece of sensible advice given by Rev. J.C. Price of Salisbury, N.C., to his brethren:

I have no faith in the doctrine of assimilation. The blacks may say their color is against them. If that could only be changed, all would be well. I believe that color has nothing to do with the question. Black is a favorite color. A black horse we all admire. A black silk dress is a gem. A black broadcloth suit is a daisy. Black only loses its prestige, its dignity, when applied to a human being. It is not because of his color, but because of his condition, that the black man is in disfavor. Whenever a black face appears, it suggests a poverty-stricken, ignorant race. Change your conditions; exchange immorality for morality, ignorance for intelligence, poverty for prosperity, and the prejudice against our race will disappear like the morning dewdrop before the rising sun.

The _Southern Congregationalist_ gives the following hopeful statement:

One of the most distinguished representatives of our Baptist brethren, whose name is a household word in that communion throughout the South, expressed a common view among us when he said in our office not long since:

"We once thought that Negroes were incapable of education, but we have found ourselves mistaken, and now favor the education of the race, trusting that with better edification better ideas will come."

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CONFERENCE OF EDUCATORS.

BY REV. GEO. W. MOORE.

The first Conference of Educators of Colored Youth, which met in Washington, D.C., March 25-27, was a large and interesting meeting, and the results were very gratifying. Representative instructors were gathered from various parts of the country--chiefly from the Southern States--at the invitation of the College Alumni of Howard University, to review the educational progress of the past twenty-five years; to compare views of the status and needs of the work, and to consider plans for the future. It was felt that there were certain questions and special needs arising out of the condition of the colored people in this country, which required earnest consideration, the solution of which rests largely with the Negro himself. The presence of so many colored men and women who had graduated from the institutions of learning they now seek to foster, including Presidents of colleges and normal schools and principals and teachers of public schools, professors of Greek, Latin, mathematics and theology, physicians, lawyers and ministers, was an object-lesson of the educational progress of the race.

Able papers were read on practical subjects of all phases of educational work. Industrial work, normal training and higher education, were fruitful topics of discussion. While each had its advocates, it was the consensus of opinion that each of these departments has its place, and that all were needed in the education of our colored youth. Judge Tourgee addressed the Conference on National Aid to Education; and Hon. W.T. Harris, the Commissioner of Education, advocated the higher education of the Negro. National Aid to Education was strongly advocated by the Conference, and is emphasized in their address to the country. That address commends itself to the thoughtful consideration of the friends of education. The report closes with the following appeal in behalf of the institutions that have been established in the South: "A crying need at the present hour is the making permanent of the larger and more central institutions of learning for colored youth in the South, through permanent endowments, by private contributions. Many of them have struggled along for a quarter of a century, doing much good, it is true, but greatly hindered in their progress because of the uncertainty of their financial support. We appeal to the wealthy and philanthropic everywhere to contribute of their means to such endowments."

Four college Presidents were in attendance, and took part in the Conference--Rev. Dr. Simmons, of Kentucky State University; Rev. Dr. Brackett, of Storer College, Harper's Ferry; Rev. Dr. Bumstead, of Atlanta University and Rev. Dr. Rankin of Howard University. Prof. J.M. Gregory of Howard University was elected President, and Prof. S.G. Atkins of Salisbury, N.C., Secretary of the Conference. The next meeting will be held at Atlanta, Ga., January 1, 1891.

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A PRIZE POEM.

A publishing house in North Carolina offered "a handsome prize for the best poem, not less than sixteen nor more than twenty-four lines, on any North Carolina subject." Twenty or more poems were received, and submitted to a committee who did not know the names of the writers; on comparison with the numbers it was found that the poem to which the prize was awarded was written by Mrs. A.W. Curtis, of Raleigh, N.C., a missionary of this Association. We print the poem not only for its merit, but as an honor conferred upon one of our valued workers among the colored people of the South.

NORTH CAROLINA.

BY MRS. A.W. CURTIS.

Thou sittest like a queen with coronal Of dazzling beauty on thy sunny brow; The glorious mountains for thy lofty throne, The grand old Ocean lying at thy feet; Thy jewels are the healing springs, that lie Like gleaming pearls upon thy bounteous breast. From far and near, earth's weary pilgrims come,-- A long procession, sad, and heavy-eyed,-- To win anew the priceless boon of health, From thy Bethesda, angel-stirred and blest. Deep in the bosom of thy mighty hills, Dame Nature brews the elixir of life, And pours it lavishly through riven rocks, In basins carved by no weak, human hand; And here and there, deep down the woodland glens She sets her moss-rimmed chalices, where those Who quaff with fevered lips the cooling draught, Find health and vigor stealing through their veins. O, queenly State! lift up thy fair, proud head, The while thy sons and daughters honor thee, And shine a pure white star, whose light shall be Undimmed, through all the ages yet to come!

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We are very happy to acknowledge the gift of one hundred copies of the "People's Commentary on the Gospel according to St. Luke," by Edwin W. Rice, D.D., from the American Sunday-school Union, at Philadelphia, Penn. These books will be sent to our schools in the South, where they will be of great benefit to the teachers in the Sunday-schools, and to the graduates as they go forth to fresh experiences in the country summer schools.

A man told one of our Indian pupils, that he was not like other men, that he helped others and went to church, etc., and as she told the story she said, "Yet he is a Republican and sinner, I think."

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THE SOUTH.

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NOTES IN THE SADDLE.

BY DISTRICT SECRETARY C.J. RYDER.