Chapter 7

My friends, we are going right forward in the field of conflict, which is the field of victory. One with God is a majority, and we are thousands with God. And we have on our side the weak and the helpless, too. I don't want any better aid than that. You know that Burke in that magnificent invective against Warren Hastings, when he rose to the very climax of it and told the story of those atrocious tortures to which the poor and ignorant and misguided peasants of India had been put, how they had had their fingers tied together and mashed with hammers, and other unmentionable things had been done to them, appealed to the parliament and said that if they should refuse justice those mashed and disabled hands, lifted high to Heaven in prayer, would call down the power of God for their deliverance. Is it not worse to mash and disable a mind and a soul than a hand? I tell you the prayers of the poor are on our side; and if we had nothing of all this magnificent achievement of this Association to look upon, we could look on those hands raised and those souls crying out from the social bondage of to-day, as they did from the physical bondage of a few years ago, and know that if God be for us we need not care who or what is against us.

* * * * *

ADDRESS OF PROFESSOR GRAHAM TAYLOR.

I have but a very few words to add to this report. The facts speak louder than any statement of them can. When skirting the Asiatic shore of the inner sea, that lonely traveler, Paul, heard a voice, he looked across to the shores of Europe, and there in the night stood a great colossal form, not of a naked savage, but a form clad perhaps, in the panoply of the Macedonian phalanx, the representative of the Europe that then was and was yet to be, the precursor, it may be, to the classically informed mind of the missionary to the Gentiles, of that long procession of great world conquerors. It was the Man of Macedon who stood there in the might of his strength and cried, like the crying of an infant in the night, the crying of an infant for the light, "Come: come over into Macedonia and help us."

Now, my brethren, this was the cry of the strong for help. This was the cry of the peoples that were following the westward course of the star of empire. And yet, in their strength, they cried as though they were the weakest of woman born. And when that missionary, in response to that call, crossed the sea, though he came to that Macedonian city which had been the battle-scene of the contending forces of the Roman empire, he found access for the gospel into Europe through the open heart of one woman--Lydia, a seller of purple. And there, sitting down by the water course, where prayer was wont to be made, he just grouped those individuals into that unit of God's operations on the face of the earth, the local church. And this church was distinguished among the apostolic churches for its family traits, for the infusion of feminine grace and masculine strength, for the most domestic hospitality and the very faults of the close attritions of human life. There he planted the seed which has grown into our European and American civilization and Christianity.

And so ever at the cry of the strong for help the gospel has had just these three great prime factors to present for the solution of the problems of every age: first, the home, with its priesthood of the father and mother, the sanctuary of the house and the ministrations of family life; secondly, the school; and thirdly, between the home and the school, the church. When our Lord himself, from all possible sources, made selection of the first among the many means he has chosen for the redemption of this world, he chose a trained personality. As the medium for the transmission of truth, no improvement, no change has been found in all the progress of the gospel. By this trained personality--the heart that has been led to live with Christ awhile, and then go forth in his name and filled with his love to the hearts that have place for that love and rootage for that life--this wonderful product of our Christian civilization has everywhere been produced.

And I take it that in no one of the Christian agencies known to us are these three methods so wonderfully unified, so inseparably united, as the home and the church and the school are in the work of the American Missionary Association. They are one and the same. They are indissoluble. The long experience of this Association through this half century of specialized work does fit it, as the report has said, to give an almost commanding opinion in regard to the method of the work to be pursued among these very distinct classes. From the field as well as from the office, and from the experience of those longest at work, we learn that the school finds its ultimate aim only in the church; that, as a Christian agency, we are to work with the school only as a means to the end of building up that body of Christ on the face of the earth which is known by the name of his church. I do not see how the separation to any extent of school and church work can fail to break the unity of administration and hinder the progress of this gloriously on-going work.

I have just one word to add in regard to the reflex influence of this church work upon the home churches. My brethren, there has been a great dearth in candidates for the ministry until very recently. It strikes me that there is no such object-lesson in all our land, inviting men to consecrate themselves to the noblest of purposes, as the heroic ministry of this Association. It needs the heroic element to attract young men. It needs something which is very plainly worth their while to live for and to work for and to consecrate their energies toward, in order to attract them from the allurements of business and material progress to-day. The Indian service of the British Government, and even the service of the great commercial companies, have that element of heroism in it them which has attracted the very best brain and brawn of the English race to India. So it seems to me we will have to hold up these great organizations, which reach down to the hard places of the land, which occupy places that require men to man them, in order to recruit the ranks of our ministers. A man needs to know that he will have to be all the more a man to be anything of a minister now-a-days, to attract him into this great work. And this heroic type of Christian ministry and of Christian manhood and womanhood, shown in the half century of this society's work and existence, is to my mind one of the great attractions upon the best, the strongest, and the most consecrated of those men and women who devote their lives to the service of the church.

Its reflex influence upon every other branch of missionary activity in the church is very plain. It is to-day--I do not hesitate to say it--the hero of our organizations. It takes far less stamina, far less consecration, I believe, to go to India, or China, or Japan than it does to come out at the call of God and of this agency of His divine Providence and enter many a field manned by this Association. In the _personnel_ of our theological seminaries I have long noticed that the choicest spirits, the men with the stamp of courage upon them, those who are not working for place, but for Christ, and him alone, are the men who take up this work. They are the men who, when they come back to the schools of the prophets, thrill our hearts as no other men do with the story of the conquests of Christ in their own hearts as well as out in the hard fields which they cultivate for his sake; and there will be no more glowing missionary meeting of the seminary with which I have the honor to be connected than when the reports of this meeting shall be carried back to the brethren. The prayers of the class-rooms, the prayers of the missionary meetings, the yearnings of the hearts of the men who are preparing to follow in the footsteps of those who have heroically led the way, are the wires for these unseen and yet never unused electric currents which unite the North with the South, the frontier with the citadels of our common Christianity.

We know very well the danger of a false education, of a school without A church, education without evangelization, a university without the heart of Christ beating in it. Great are the joy and confidence felt in the hearts of the constituency of this body that school and church are so inextricably interwoven with each other that if you plant a school it will develop into a church, and if the church comes it will eventually and inevitably re-act, and in a most blessed way in spiritual and often in material resources upon the school. We give largely to the school because there is a home beneath it and a church around it.

I regard these churches of the American Missionary Association with their evangelistic and nurturing agencies, prime sociological factors for bringing in Christ's dear kingdom in this land of ours. It is their mission not only to remedy evils, not only to restore rights, but to be great constructive agencies of a new Christian civilization. For when Christ came, he came preaching, not the gospel of the individual, not a gospel simply to save that man, that woman, that child, but the gospel of the Kingdom, the gospel which this great Association so effectually preaches and not only preaches but applies and administers as well. And the time will not be far hence when this whole subject of the environment of the spiritual life will force itself so imperatively upon the study of the churches at home that they will take the type of their work and the inspiration for their new developments from the leadership of this and kindred missionary organizations which have set them these most brilliant examples of being ahead of the thought and the feeling of their day.

* * * * *

ADDRESS OF REV. C.W. HIATT.

More than fifty years ago De Tocqueville gave utterance to these prophetic words: "The most formidable of all the ills that threaten the future existence of the United States arises from the presence of a black population upon its territory." I think that that prophecy has been iterated and reiterated before this convention until we ought finally to let it rest as an established fact. I believe we are menaced by these eight millions of people, who are twice as great in number as were the people of the United Colonies when they broke from the mightiest naval and military power in history; but I believe that the peril that we are menaced by in the presence of this black man arises from his perils. There is a peril from the black man, but it is a peril secondary to the peril _of_ the black man upon this soil. I do not apprehend any uprising by Uncle Tom; but Uncle Tom is dead, and his son is here and his friends of a younger generation. These men are being gnarled and corrupted and imbruted, and are massing themselves, touching elbows one with another; and under the influences of the age in which we live are becoming a factor in our civilization which, unless we modify and change it under our Christian teaching, will render our Southland like that island on the north of the Caribbean Sea where to-day it is said that the name of Toussaint l'Ouverture, the original defender and liberator, is a hissing and a reproach.

It was a fine augury of the future when the work for the ex-slave began at Fortress Monroe in the atmosphere of religion. Mary Peake, meeting the advancing multitudes of refugees, gospel in heart and primer in hand, as by divine suggestion, laid the pattern of all our succeeding toil. Side by side of mutual helpfulness God has placed the alphabet and decalogue, the teacher and the preacher, the school-house and the church. "What therefore God hath joined together let not man put asunder."

The largest, grandest word in the title of this organization is "Missionary." When that word drops out its work will be done, for its call will have ceased. Our ultimate end and present purpose is, and always should be, simply this--to save. We cannot lift our fallen brother without the leverage of the cross.

No field is wider, none more difficult, than that to which our eyes are turned, embracing as it does four of the five families of mankind. They huddle together in the lap of Christendom, but feel no warmth. They are a demonstration of the fact that civilization never touches barbarism without polluting it. The Indian, finding his highest ideal in the rude and tipsy defender of our flag; the Chinaman, taking home more heathenism than he brings; the Negro, bound tighter by the vices of the whites than ever he was by their iron chains--these three, ignorant of the Christ and grasping the satanic weaponry of our sinful land and age, together form the most discouraging of mission fields. Our laborers are faced by all the serious problems of the foreign land--problems unrelieved by a single romantic charm. When we send our missionaries to Africa they go to labor among the Africans; and when we send them down South they go to teach "niggers."

Notice, then, what the report of this committee signifies in the presence of the fact that our laborers not only grapple with foreign languages, conceptions, idolatries, habits of benighted peoples, but all the time are hindered and assailed on every hand by these Bedouin Arabs of our land--the minions of mammon and the slaves of caste. To gather and hold and save in such a field as this, is task enough for the finest corps in the army of the Lord.

In the presence of these well-known facts, the report of the committee adds another chapter to the Book of Acts. It gladdens our hearts with thrilling music--the music of ringing sickle and reaper's song. From all over this mighty field, from mountain, and savannah, and shore, and plain, we hear the resonant footsteps of advancing troops--a solid regiment of converts marching in the army of our Christ and into the fellowship of his Congregational Church. I want you to notice that this church which we have planted in the South is just the kind of a church to take these people and assimilate them, to save them and to preserve them to their highest usefulness. And why? In the first place, because it is a church that will take them in. I saw the other day this inscription over a great arch erected in honor of our Pan-American guests in the city of Cleveland, "Welcome All Americans." Well, the Congregational Church has put three talismanic letters over the portal of every church that it has planted in the South and in the West, "A.M.A.--All mankind acceptable."

Every convert in our work has cosmopolitan views respecting the brotherhood of man. This means that one thousand people have seated themselves before an apostolic communion table. White, black, red and yellow, side by side in harmony before the broken memorials of the life of love. The spirit of color-caste is a post-apostolic devil. The most eminent convert of the evangelist Philip was as black as a middle vein of Massilon coal. Perhaps that is why they met in the desert and the spirit compassionately caught Philip away. The purest church and the purest ray of sunshine are alike--they absorb the seven colors of the spectrum. When the Creator flung the rainbow like a silken scarf over the shoulder of the summer cloud, he drew his color-line. Pentecostal blessings fell at Jerusalem, and have fallen ever since on the cosmopolitan church.

The second feature of this church that adapts it to ours field is the open Bible. Every convert is armed with the shining sword--the sword of the spirit, which is the word of God, like the sword in the hand of the angel at Eden's gate, turning every way at once.

You do not hear of immorality, gross and fearful, within the precincts of our Congregational churches. You do not hear of our people walking up the hills of the beatitudes over the broken tables of the law. The written word, like the Incarnate, goes into our congregations and drives out all the sellers of oxen and of doves. The Word, also, is the protection of these people against their greatest foe of this day--the encroaching power of the Church of Rome. Do you know that that ancient foe of liberty is stalking all across the twelve States of the South? Do you know what it means to have the Church of Rome take in hand these people of lowly and of feeble intelligence? We do not have to crossover to Austria or Italy in order to discern her aims, for the Nun of Kenmare has alighted upon our shores, and her alarming words are running through the land. Rome knows no color prejudice, and the foot of that great despotic power can rest just as easily upon a skin that is black as upon a neck that is of the purest alabaster. And the Congregational Church down South is the only champion against this papal see, for she has an aisle wide enough for five races of mankind to march up to her communion table, while the sword of the Spirit guards her portals.

Again, I wish you to notice this fact: That this Church which we are planting is not only hiding a multitude of sins by saving these lowly people, but it is serving the interests of the State as well. When we remember that the polity of our church is a polity of liberty, that it teaches that rights and duties go hand in hand, that it takes just as much wisdom to elect the pastor of a church as the President of the United States, we can see that the moral influence of this polity of ours is serving the interests of our commonwealth. The Congregational Church is carrying the Pilgrim idea into the soil of the Cavalier. Straight University, Tillotson Institute, and these other schools, are but the outcropping of that old stone down in an Eastern harbor that we call Plymouth Rock. Down South are being planted those two principles upon which the great superstructure of our liberty rests firm--a church without a bishop and a state without a king. This is what Congregationalism is carrying into that land long ruled by aristocracies. It is giving these people who possess liberty the knowledge of how to use it aright.

Finally we not only hide a multitude of sins, we not only serve the State, but we reach forth a long arm to save the world. Awhile ago I was in the study of Dr. Ladd. There, spread before us, were relics of his well remembered cruise along the Nile. There were implements for rude tillage of the soil, there were swords and spears beaten into shape by barbaric artisans, there were the cats and lizards and toads, objects of worship by unnumbered millions. Thus were displayed in object lesson the savagery and idolatry of one of the largest families of man. The Doctor placed his finger on the map at Mendi Mission. "There," said he, "I saw a row of missionaries graves. Their headstones sadly told the tale of the pestilential land. Two months, three months, nine months they survived, and then fell to rise no more. No white man can endure the clime."

Another time I was at a commencement of Fisk University. I saw Professor Spence take two photographs, and hold them up before the gaze of five hundred intelligent colored youths, whose faces fairly glowed as they looked upon the well-remembered features of two of their alumni, who in Western Africa, if I mistake not, are teaching the gospel of Christ and enduring the rigors of the climate. And in the glowing features of these five hundred folk, I saw the prophecy of a splendid recruiting of our feeble forces in that continent which by and by shall not be dark. Ah, this work is grand! We are putting the cross of Jesus into the dusky hands that shall carry it not only to the land of the pyramids, not only to the land of the ancient wall; but, as I believe, there will come a day when some child now in our schools of the West, some Apache or Dakotan, will rise with apostolic fervor, and going southward along the isthmus and over the mountains will put this transfigured cross of Christ into the pampas and the llanos through which the Amazon and the Orinoco pour their majestic streams.

* * * * *

ADDRESS OF REV. D.M. FISK, D.D.

It may be fitting to add a few supplementary words corroborative of the hopeful view taken in this report on the Mountain Work. At first glance it does seem that this is a discouraging field. I need not recapitulate what has been said in the report already before you. It is sufficiently discouraging; the ignorance and poverty are not the worst features. The position of the clergy in many sections--I am happy to say not in all--is full of discouragement. The worst thing we have to face is the apathy of the people. Their phrase, "We-uns never asked you-uns to come here," is certainly most pathetic.

What do we propose to do about it? What do we propose to do with more than two millions for whom Christ died, American citizens, in the very heart of our Nation, around whom the currents of commerce and industry swirl every day? Shall the greatest tidal wave of all time pass them by, and they not feel it for a moment? More than all, shall the great gospel of God, which is life, and hope, and peace, and home, for us, be nothing for them?

I am happy to say that it is not all dark by any manner of means. Your committee is hopeful, the members of this Association are hopeful, our brethren on the frontier are hopeful. There are very many favorable things, and one of the most favorable is their increasing numbers. Do we stop to estimate what two millions of souls means? More than thirty thousand cradles filled in a single year.

These men respect the Bible. They feel a superstitious regard for it; they are not infidel people. They have a simple, childlike faith, and the Bible word is to them final. Many things that many of us have to contend with, the brethren there do not meet I mean in the field of infidelity.

They have great respect for woman if she respects herself. I have the statement of one of our workers in the South that a woman can go even among these men when they are drunk, and if she respects herself and has maintained her character she is perfectly safe in their midst.

This same writer tells me of a young man who went out from one of their schools, and kept school in a certain place during the winter, When he returned, he said: "Nothing would tempt me to go back there again." Not so with the young ladies. It is one of the most astonishing signs of the times that really into the feeble hand of womanhood is given the key of the situation. They respect these girls, they reverence them and give them a place of dignity in their hearts. That makes it possible for these women to do a large and splendid work in the South.

Once let these girls that come under the influence of our Christian Northern women who go there as teachers, and the graduates of these various colleges and schools that we have planted, and are about to plant in the South; once let common womanhood in the South that has been so much under the heel of this oppression; once let girlhood feel the power that has come go girlhood, that to them as young women in the cradle of these hills, under this fair sky is given the power to turn over in not less than thirty or forty years this whole country for God and humanity, for enlightenment and for Christian peace;--once let that idea get into the minds of these girls, and we have not the same problem that we have to-day.

There is good blood there as well. There is a man in Congress to-day, honoring himself and his district and his nation, who went to school there, and I know not for how many years wore but one garment. I call that pretty good blood when from such circumstances a man can come up to such a large place.