Chapter 1

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CONTENTS

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PAGE.

EDITORIAL.

THE FIGURES--FINANCIAL 213 FAREWELL AND GREETING 215 HIGHER EDUCATION OF THE NEGRO 217 OPINIONS 219 PARAGRAPHS 221

THE SOUTH.

BEREA COLLEGE, KY. 221 ANNIVERSARY AT TALLADEGA 222 TOUGALOO COMMENCEMENT 223 TILLOTSON INSTITUTE 224 AVERY INSTITUTE--BREWER NORMAL SCHOOL 226 STUDENT'S LETTER 227

THE INDIANS.

THE APACHE RAID 229 INDIAN SUMMER TENT (cut) 230

THE CHINESE.

TOUR AMONG THE MISSIONS 231

BUREAU OF WOMAN'S WORK.

RESOLUTIONS AT SARATOGA 233 PAPER MISSION--INDUSTRIAL LETTER FROM LE MOYNE 234

CHILDREN'S PAGE.

PLAYING 'POSSUM 234

RECEIPTS 235

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NEW YORK:

PUBLISHED BY THE AMERICAN MISSIONARY ASSOCIATION.

Rooms, 56 Reade Street.

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Price 50 Cents a Year, in Advance.

Entered at the Post-Office at New York, N. Y., as second-class matter.

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AMERICAN MISSIONARY ASSOCIATION.

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PRESIDENT, Hon. WM. B. WASHBURN, LL. D., Mass.

_Vice-Presidents._

Rev. C. L. GOODELL, D. D., Mo. Rev. A. J. F. BEHRENDS, D. D., N. Y. Rev. D. O. MEARS, D. D., Mass. Rev. F. A. NOBLE, D. D., Ill. Rev. ALEX. McKENZIE, D. D., Mass.

_Corresponding Secretary._

Rev. M. E. STRIEBY, D. D., _56 Reade Street, N. Y._

_Assistant Corresponding Secretary._

Rev. JAMES POWELL, D. D., _56 Reade Street, N. Y._

_Treasurer._

H. W. HUBBARD, Esq., _56 Reade Street, N. Y._

_Auditors._

W. H. ROGERS, PETER McCARTEE.

_Executive Committee._

JOHN H. WASHBURN, Chairman. A. P. FOSTER, Secretary.

_For Three Years._

LYMAN ABBOTT. A. S. BARNES. J. R. DANFORTH. CLINTON B. FISK. A. P. FOSTER.

_For Two Years._

S. B. HALLIDAY. SAMUEL HOLMES. SAMUEL S. MARPLES. CHARLES L. MEAD. ELBERT B. MONROE.

_For One Year._

J. E. RANKIN. WM. H. WARD. J. L. WITHROW. JOHN H. WASHBURN. EDMUND L. CHAMPLIN.

_District Secretaries._

Rev. C. L. WOODWORTH, D. D., _21 Cong'l House, Boston_. Rev. J. E. ROY, D. D., _112 West Washington Street, Chicago_.

Rev. CHARLES W. SHELTON, _Financial Secretary for Indian Missions_.

_Field Officer._ ----

_Bureau of Woman's Work._

_Secretary_, Miss D. E. EMERSON, _56 Reade Street, N. Y._

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COMMUNICATIONS

Relating to the work of the Association may be addressed to the Corresponding Secretary; those relating to the collecting fields, to Rev. James Powell, D. D., or to the District Secretaries; letters for the "American Missionary," to the Editor, at the New York Office.

DONATIONS AND SUBSCRIPTIONS

May be sent to H. W. Hubbard, Treasurer, 56 Reade Street, New York, or, when more convenient, to either of the Branch Offices, 21 Congregational House, Boston, Mass., or 112 West Washington Street, Chicago, Ill. A payment of thirty dollars at one time constitutes a Life Member.

FORM OF A BEQUEST.

"I BEQUEATH to my executor (or executors) the sum of ---- dollars, in trust, to pay the same in ---- days after my decease to the person who, when the same is payable, shall act as Treasurer of the 'American Missionary Association,' of New York City, to be applied, under the direction of the Executive Committee of the Association, to its charitable uses and purposes." The Will should be attested by three witnesses.

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THE AMERICAN MISSIONARY

VOL. XXXIX. AUGUST, 1885. No. 8.

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American Missionary Association.

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$365,000

NEEDED FOR THE CURRENT YEAR.

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Your Committee are convinced that not less than a THOUSAND DOLLARS a day are imperatively demanded to perfect the admirably organized plans of the Association, even for the present, to say nothing of the pressing needs of the early future.--

[FINANCE COMMITTEE'S REPORT ADOPTED BY ANNUAL MEETING AT SALEM.]

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THE FIGURES.

Donations. Legacies. Total.

Oct. 1, 1884, to June 30, 1885 - $153,072.30 $23,884.35 $176,956.65 Oct. 1, 1883, to June 30, 1884 - 145,821.49 31,169.90 176,991.39 ----------- ---------- ----------- Inc. $7,250.81 Dec. $7,285.55 Dec. $34.74

These figures on their face are encouraging rather than discouraging. They show that our receipts from living donors are better by a few thousand dollars than last year, an evidence of the hold that we still have upon the churches, made all the more conspicuous in these hard times. But these figures do not tell the whole story. The $40,000 debt to which we have made frequent reference hitherto is still pending. To this must be added the $13,000 debt that came over from last year.

Only two working months are left. Our fiscal year ends with September. From month to month we have published the figures. Our friends have been able to trace for themselves just how the financial struggle has been maintained. Donations from churches and individuals have been kept distinct from legacies, and comparison made with receipts of the corresponding months in the preceding year. A varying story the figures have had to tell.

There is a slave hymn:

"I'm sometimes up and I'm sometimes down, But still my soul is heavenly bound."

That has been the case with our feelings as we have followed the rise and fall in the comparisons. But amid all the fluctuations we have had an abiding confidence that before the year ends there will be such a rally by our friends that we shall come out free of debt. Are we to be disappointed? We are approaching the time for decisive thought and action. We cannot delay much longer. The figures this month not only show that in the total we are a little behind, but they also indicate that our reliance for relief must be in the living and not in the dead. We have no large legacies that are available in sight, and we have no reserve fund on which to draw to avert disaster. Can the threatening deficit be averted? Can our friends meet the demand? Yes, and much more. All that is needed is the will to do; the ability exists.

We appeal to the wealthy to take this matter upon their hearts and minds at once. We beg them to send on, as soon as possible, generous donations to our treasury. Their example at this time will be most inspiring.

We ask all our friends to do what they can. "The two mites" that in the Lord's mode of estimating count more than many of the larger gifts, we cannot possibly do without. The little rills and the small streams must make their contributions, or the broad and deep river on which we are to float and be saved will not form.

Especially do we plead that _every_ Congregational church in the country, large and small, without exception, will see to it that before the end of next September it shall be on record as having taken a contribution within the year for the American Missionary Association. Pastors, deacons, church clerks and church treasurers, will you not, for the sake of this endangered cause, for the sake of the millions of Christ's poor for whom we labor, give us the help of your influence to secure this? We believe you will.

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The Thirty-ninth Annual Meeting of the American Missionary Association will be held in Madison, Wisconsin, October 27-29. The sermon will be preached by the Rev. Reuen Thomas, D. D., Brookline, Mass. We hope to see the East well represented at this meeting, and trust that as many of our friends as possible will make their plans to be there. The brethren in the West will be glad to welcome them. Additional notices will appear hereafter.

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FAREWELL AND GREETING.

We regret to announce that Professor Salisbury, who for the past three years has been Superintendent of our school work, this month severs his connection officially with the A. M. A. He goes to take charge of the State Normal School at Whitewater, Wis. This is the school in which we found him as a professor, when we called him to our ranks, and now we are called to give him up that he may go back to stand at its head. We can ill afford to spare him. He is not only a master in his knowledge of everything connected with schools, in respect to organization, discipline and best methods of teaching, but he is also a man of remarkable executive ability.

When he entered our work he certainly came into the kingdom for a day that had been providentially prepared. The work had taken on massive proportions. All over the South our schools had been planted. These schools were branches of the same tree; they had a common trunk and drew their life and spirit from the same soil. But, separated so far from one another, as many of them were, there came to be a felt necessity that some one competent to care for their common interests, while recognizing at the same time their separate prerogatives and rights, must be found. Multiplied variety necessarily had characterized their development, and as a consequence, the unity of their origin and aim had been endangered. That is a law of nature. We had been brought to see and feel this. We looked around to find the man equal to the task involved. It was not easy to find him. We realized the difficulty. Our workers realized it. It would not have been strange if we had made a mistake. A rare combination of qualifications was demanded. We believed that Professor Salisbury possessed these qualifications. We invited him to take up the work. He accepted. He entered, and continued in it down to the last moment he held the office, with all his heart and soul, and now that he has felt constrained to leave us we are glad, not only on his account, but also on our own, unreservedly to bear testimony that, we believe, no mistake was made when he was appointed.

He has rendered the American Missionary Association signal service, and when we remember how intimately the work of this Association is connected with the welfare of the nation, it is not too much to say that he has in these three years of hard and faithful work rendered signal service to the whole land. Our school work has steadily grown in efficiency and power ever since he took it up, and the general cause of education all over the South has been benefited by the impulse his teaching, character and devotion have inspired. Not alone the colored schools, but the white schools as well, have been the gainers. By his lectures and instruction given in Normal Institutes, and by his personal contact with the leading educators of the South, he has brought in no small degree a knowledge of the most approved methods of teaching to the attention of Southern educators, and has done much to develop a sentiment in favor of popular education among the people.

It is a high compliment to his ability the State of Wisconsin pays in calling him back and investing him with the principalship of the same school from which we took him; and, as we reluctantly return him, we can wish for him no greater blessing than that the same success may attend his labors in the field to which he goes that, with God's favor, has so abundantly crowned him in the one he leaves.

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"The king is dead; long live the king." We have just been speeding the parting guest. We now turn to welcome the coming. That we have done the "speeding" reluctantly does not abate the heartiness with which we now do the "welcoming." To such an extent had our church work been systematized under Superintendent Roy, and our school work under Superintendent Salisbury, that when we had to transfer the one to the Western District Secretaryship, and had to lose the other, we felt that the two positions might possibly be merged. The very success of these workers had made this practicable. Not that the work of the two could be done by any one man. They are not that kind of men, as our constituents well know. They are both of them drivers. It is almost enough to discourage any ordinary man to see either of them work. A hard position to fill surely. We are glad to say that after a good deal of searching we believe we have found the man.

We have appointed Rev. C. J. Ryder, of Medina, Ohio, as our Field Superintendent. He accepts the appointment and will take up the work the first of September. He will be located at Cincinnati, from which point, by reason of its central location and excellent railroad facilities, he will be able to reach out in all directions. A successful pastor--an able preacher, having had experience and success as a teacher, and in addition possessing already considerable knowledge of our work, he will enter the field with the opinions of all those who know him best united that he will make it a success. We welcome him to the ranks of our fellowship in the glorious cause of bringing the light of the gospel and Christian education to the poor; we welcome him to the rich joy the expressions of their heart-felt gratitude will cause him to experience. We welcome him to the love and confidence and co-operation of our missionaries whose hearts will be made glad by his visits and whose toil will be made lighter by his counsel; above all we welcome him to the rewards God bestows upon those who are ready, if need be, to surrender everything that they may follow Christ.

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HIGHER EDUCATION OF THE NEGRO.

REV. W. W. PATTON, D. D.

Many strangely adopt this wrong principle with regard to the negro race--that they are to be treated not simply as men, but as colored men, as members of a peculiar and inferior race, about whom one must not reason as he would about others, and especially about white men. One writer thinks that his eyes have just been opened to the truth, for he says: "Like most Northern men, I have made the mistake of judging the black by the standard of the white. A freer intercourse with him and a closer study of his characteristics have shown me that he is not to be so judged, and that the training adapted to the white man is not adapted to the black." In any reasonable sense of these words, we regard them as involving the same error which so long hindered emancipation--the idea that negroes could not be expected to act as would other men in the same circumstances. It used to be argued that freed negroes would refuse to labor, and would simply plunder and massacre. The history of the last twenty years, and the enormous crops raised at the South since the war, have disproved this absurdity, although the writer quoted still has his doubts, for he says of the negro: "We must take him as he is; and because we have not done this, his freedom, which has been of inestimable value to the Southern white man, has until now been a most questionable blessing to the negro!" One who can utter that doubt has some defect of vision, which disqualifies him from reaching safe conclusions respecting the colored race. Now, every race has certain peculiarities, and so has every nation, and to these we have a degree of regard in our intercourse with them. In minor matters, we remember, in our dealings, that this man is a Scotchman, and that man a Welshman, and that a Frenchman, and that a German. But in great questions of principle and method touching humanity, such as education and religion, we drop race and nation, and act upon simple manhood. If we do not, we are sure to err. The true idea in the case before us is, not to think perpetually of the black skin and the African blood, but of the man, and to use with the negro precisely the measures which should be used with white men in the same circumstances of ignorance and poverty, and with the same responsibilities as citizens. And it is singular that objectors to our work do not seem to be aware that the precise difficulty which they emphasize respecting the black masses at the South has been equally emphasized by others respecting the white masses at the North. The complaint everywhere heard in the Northern States is, that the common people are being so highly educated as to become dissatisfied with labor. The young men and young women refuse to work at manual industries, and take to trade and the professions, or else become dissipated idlers. Hence attempts are making to attach industrial education to our common schools. Why, then, talk of the peculiarities of the negro in this matter? There are none. He simply shares in the temptations which beset all races, and we must reason accordingly, and plan alike for the masses of the people, black and white.

One should avoid extreme and disproportionate statements and implications. The same writer runs a tilt against all education for the negro above the most rudimental, and says: "I have failed to see one who has been made a better man or a better citizen by this higher education; on the contrary, I know of very many who have been morally and socially ruined by it." We are sorry that his acquaintance has been so unfortunate with this class. Others have had the happiness to know scores and hundreds of well-educated colored people who are doing great credit to their race as ministers, physicians, editors, lawyers, teachers and authors. To one of these, a graduate of a theological institution, aided by this Association, the District Attorney in the part of Virginia where he now lives, recently addressed a letter of thanks for his having wrought a moral revolution in that county, saying: "Your boldness in condemning the wrong and asserting and approving the right has not only impressed the colored, and influenced their conduct in the right direction, but it has at the same time won for you the confidence and esteem of all the thinking portion of the white race, who are interested in good government and a well-ordered and law-abiding community ... for which this community ought to be profoundly grateful." And this man is also "ebon black." And here we would correct the impression that a large disproportion of the negroes are receiving "a higher education." The idea is given out that a great mistake has been made by the societies and philanthropists that are seeking the elevation of the freedmen. It would relieve the quite unnecessary alarm of objectors if they would consult the United States census for the statistics of the negro population, and then compare with its six millions of colored people the few thousands of them found in the colleges, academies, high schools, theological seminaries, medical and law schools of the land. Probably not more than one negro in a thousand is receiving anything beyond the very simplest instruction. Surely, then, no great harm can yet have been done, or is likely to be done, for many years to come. And yet, long before the objectors had spoken, these same educators had begun to add industrial training to book learning, and they are now pushing this branch as fast as the pecuniary means are furnished.

Nor should we overlook the vast and pressing necessities to which the higher education stands related. There is a loud and general call for _competent_ colored teachers, instead of there being such a surplus as the aforementioned writer found when he says, "There was only one vacancy where there were fifty teachers." A remarkably favored locality! The superintendents of Southern schools tell a very different story. Not long since, the Rev. Dr. Haygood, of Georgia, in an article in the _Independent_, called for fifty thousand colored physicians, to be furnished as speedily as possible. And who can exaggerate the need of educated colored ministers to take the place of the old ignorant preachers? And how is any race to rise without intelligent leaders of their own in every locality? These will naturally be found in their men of education and property, in their ministers, physicians, lawyers, editors, teachers and political representatives. It is idle and wrong to repress or ignore the ambition of negroes of talent to be something more than laborers and servants, bootblacks and whitewashers. They must have the chance that others have, in proportion to their numbers; no more, no less. And all these rising colored men must have correspondingly intelligent wives, for their comfort and improvement and for the training of their children. To meet such wants the existing schools of high grade will all be needed and should all be liberally endowed.

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OPINIONS.

The American Missionary Association and those allied to it have been the chief agency at the South, so far as benevolent effort is concerned, in diffusing right notions of religion, and in carrying education to the darkened mind of the negro.--_Hon. J. L. M. Curry._

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Of all the questions which disturb the mental equanimity of the patriotic and thinking citizen of our Republic, none is looming in his horizon with a more lurid and portentous aspect than the black cloud of illiteracy which is rapidly spreading over the country, and especially resting upon the Southern States of the Union. Compared with it as an element of vital danger to the Republic, Mormonism, Communism and Socialism sink into obscurity. The only way out of the unfortunate dilemma or of ameliorating the condition in which the country is placed by the thrusting upon it of this mass of ignorance, is by education--an education both mental and moral.--_George R. Stetson._

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The real tests of Northern zeal and liberality, of Northern faith and patience in the work of educating the negro, are yet to come. At the first, Christian zeal was mightily stimulated by the patriotic fervors of a great war for the preservation of the Union. In most minds the course of events identified the preservation of the Union and the abolition of slavery. The tremendous moral and political forces that were at work during the war, and for many years after its close, all conspired to make such an appeal to the thought, sentiment and conscience of the church in the North as was perhaps never before made for any form of Christian philanthropy. Christian men and women were filled with pity for the poor negroes, and there was a movement of "men and money" for their education that was never before seen in this, or perhaps any other, country. The effort was stupendous, and the results are amazing.

But the conditions that obtained from 1865 to 1875 will obtain no more. The enthusiasms peculiar to that period pass away with the coming of a new generation. The work must go on now as the foreign missionary movement of Christendom goes on--by the force that is born of a fixed conviction and an unquestioning faith in God's purpose to save the world and in His plan of saving it.