Chapter 3

_Ministers._ Rev. G. W. Bothwell, Portland, Mich. " Isaac H. Hall, New Orleans, La. " Henry Ruffin, " "

STRAIGHT UNIVERSITY.

_Instructors and Managers._ Pres. R. C. Hitchcock, Thompsonville, Ct. Prof. W. J. McMurtry, Wayne, Mich. Rev. G. W. Bothwell, Portland, Mich. Mr. Henry H. Swain, Beloit, Wis. Miss Florence L. Sperry, Topeka, Kan. " E. E. Stevenson, Andes, N. Y. " Mira L. Olmstead, Norwalk, Ohio. " Eliz. S. Dudman, Westfield, Mass. " M. E. Atkins, " " " Carrie F. Platte, Angola, N. Y. " A. A. Pease, Springfield, Mass. Mrs. Annie B. Riggs, Beloit, Wis. Miss M. F. Felt, Temple, N. H. Mrs. R. C. Hitchcock, Thompsonville, Ct.

_Special Missionary._ Miss A. D. Gerrish, Leetonia, O.

NEW IBERIA.

_Minister._ Rev. Byron Gunner, Talladega, Ala.

FAUSSE POINT AND BELLE PLACE.

_Minister._ Rev. William Butler, New Iberia, La.

ALGIERS.

_Minister._ Rev. James Craig, Algiers, La.

LAKE PEIGNEUR.

_Minister._ Rev. Homer Jones, Lake Peigneur, La.

TERREBONNE AND TERREBONNE STATION.

_Minister._ Rev. Daniel Clay, Terrebonne, La.

LITTLE PECAN.

_Minister._ Rev. William Frazer, Little Pecan, La.

NAPOLEONVILLE.

_Minister._ Rev. J. K. Jones, Napoleonville, La.

GRAND BAYOU.

_Minister._ Rev. Squire Williams, Grand Bayou, La.

GRETNA, HARANGVILLE AND LOCKPORT.

_Minister._ Rev. W. P. Ward, Gretna, La.

BAYOU DU LARGE.

_Minister._ Rev. H. Williams, Bayou Du Large.

CHACAHOULA.

_Minister._ Rev. Isaac H. Hall, New Orleans, La.

TEXAS.

AUSTIN.

TILLOTSON INSTITUTE.

_Minister._ Rev. J. H. Parr, Willmette, Ill.

_Instructors and Managers._ Pres. W. E. Brooks, W. Haven, Ct. Prof. W. L. Gordon, Austin, Tex. " Samuel H. Dean, High Bridge, N. J. Rev. J. H. Parr, Wilmette, Ill. Miss Rose M. Kinney, Oberlin, O. " Fanny J. Webster, Weymouth, O. Mrs. J. H. Parr, Wilmette, Ill. Miss A. D. Newman, Middleton, Mass. " Rena M. Phelps, Highgate Spa, Vt. Mrs. W. L. Gordon, Austin, Tex. Miss Jennie Fyfe, Lansing, Mich.

_Special Missionary._ Miss M. J. Adams, Fox Lake, Wis.

GOLIAD.

_Minister._ Rev. T. T. Benson, Goliad, Tex.

_Teacher._ Mr. J. R. S. Hallowell, New Orleans, La.

HELENA.

_Minister._ Rev. Mitchell Thompson, Helena, Tex.

CORPUS CHRISTI.

_Minister._ Rev. J. W. Strong, Talladega, Ala.

FLATONIA AND LULING.

_Minister._ Rev. Thos. E. Hillson, New Orleans, La.

PARIS.

_Minister and Teacher._ Rev. J. R. McLean, Talladega, Ala.

DODD.

_Minister._ Mr. Jordan Carter, Paris, Tex.

_Teacher._ Mr. Isaiah A. Boyd, Dodd, Tex.

DALLAS.

_Minister._ Rev. J. W. Roberts, Savannah, Ga.

Berea College, Kentucky, and Hampton Institute, Virginia, are under the care of their own Boards of Trustees, but being either founded or fostered by this Association, and representing the general work in which it is engaged, their teachers are added to this list.

BEREA COLLEGE.

_Officers and Teachers._ Miss Elizabeth M. Keyes, Unionville, Ct. Pres. E. H. Fairchild, Berea, Ky. Rev. John G. Fee, A.M., " " Prof. L. V. Dodge, A.M., " " Rev. W. E. C. Wright, A.M. " " Rev. B. S. Hunting, A.M., " " Prof. P. D. Dodge, A.B., " " Prof. J. F. Browne, " " Miss Lucia A. Darling, Akron, O. Miss Maria A. Muzzy, Romeo, Mich. Miss Kate Gilbert, N. Brookfield, Mass. Miss Emma F. More, Wattsburg, Pa. Miss Ida M. Clark, Adair, Mich. Miss Etta T. Bushnell, Johnston, O. Miss Caroline W. Haynes, Oberlin. O. Miss Ella R. McCollom, Grovestend, N. J.

HAMPTON NORMAL AND AGRICULTURAL INSTITUTE.

_Officers and Teachers._ Gen. S. C. Armstrong, Hampton, Va. Mr. F. N. Gilman, Boston, Mass. " Geo. L. Curtis, Canandaigua, N. Y. " Albert Howe, Hampton, Va. " J. B. H. Goff, " " " F. C. Briggs, Boston, Mass. " J. H. McDowell, Hampton, Va. " E. F. Coolidge, Marlboro, Mass. " C. W. Betts, Wilmington, Del. " Geo. J. Davis, Hampton, Va. " R. H. Hamilton, Hampton, Va. " Dudley Talbot, Boston, Mass. Miss Mary F. Mackie, Newburgh, N. Y. Martha M. Waldron, M.D., South Otselie, N. Y. Miss H. W. Ludlow, Hampton, Va. " M. J. Sherman, Brookfield, Mass. " Margaret Kenwill, Mechanicsville, N. Y. " Anna E. Kemble, Camden, N. J. " Mary E. Coats, Homer, N. Y. " Elizabeth Hyde, Brooklyn, N. Y. " Alice M. Bacon, New Haven, Conn. " Sarah E. Wentworth, Danvers, Mass. " Jane S. Worcester, Thetford, Vt. " Dora Freeman, Wakefield, Mass. " Mary A. Ford, Lisbon, N. H. " Clarabella Gilman, Boston, Mass. Mrs. Maria J. Baldwin, Volney, N. Y. " Francis E. Chickering, Washington, D. C. " Jessie E. Hinds, Hempstead, N. Y. " Helen S. Baldwin, Germantown, Pa. Mrs. Ella R. Gore, Sheffield, Mass. " Caroline W. Reed, Boston, Mass. Miss Charlotte L. Mackie, Newburgh, N. Y.

INDIAN DEPARTMENT. Miss Josephine E. Richards, Litchfield, Ct. Mrs. Lucy A. Seymour, Hampton, Va. Miss Cora M. Folsom, Boston, Mass. " Lovey A. Mayo, Raleigh, N. C. " Georgia Washington, Norfolk, Va. Mrs. I. F. Stansbury, Washington D. C. Miss Caroline K. Knowles, Westfield, Mass. " Elaine Goodale, S. Egremont, Mass. " Harriet A. Holbrook, Bridgewater, Mass. " Annie F. Cornell, White Plains, N. Y.

NIGHT SCHOOL. Miss Anna G. Baldwin, Germantown, Pa. Mrs. M. A. McLeod, Keene, N. H. Miss Mary Arquit, Brooklyn, N. Y. " Mary K. Jobs, Elizabeth, N. J. " M. C. Benjamin, Sheffield, Mass. " Florence Bascom, Madison, Wis. " Kate M. Baker, Champlain, Ill. Mr. Benjamin F. Jones, Hampton, Va. Miss Martha Page, " "

INDUSTRIAL DEPARTMENT. Miss M. F. Galpin, Stockbridge, Mass. " Mary A. Wheeler, Boston, Mass. " Bessie Morgan, Hamburg, Conn. Mrs. E. F. Coolidge, Marlboro, Mass. Mr. F. G. Rathbun, Stockbridge, Mass.

_Clerks._ Miss Jessie P. Morgan, Hamburg, Conn. " Ruth G. Tileston, Boston, Mass. Mr. Frank D. Banks, Hampton, Va. " W. H. Daggs, " " " Wm. M. Reid, " " " Geo. G. French, Reading, Mass.

INDIAN MISSIONS.

SANTEE AGENCY, NEBRASKA.

NORMAL TRAINING SCHOOL. _Superintendent and Missionary._ A. L. Riggs, A.M., B.D., Santee Agency, Neb.

_Treasurer._ Joseph H. Steer, Santee Agency, Neb.

_Teachers._ Mr. Clarence F. Dick, Dakota, Minn. Miss Harriet B. Ilsley, Newark, N. J. Mrs. Mary E. Wood, Spirit Lake, Iowa. Miss Helen A. Dunlap, Keokuk, Iowa.

_Assistant Teachers._ James Garvie, Sisseton Agency, D. T. Eli Abraham, Santee Agency, Neb. Daniel Cetaumani, " " " Dennis Mazaodidi, " " " James Redwing Oyemaza, " " " James Brown Dowanmani, " " "

_Matrons._ Miss Susan Webb, (Dakota Home), Weymouth, Mass. Miss Harriet A. Brown (Bird's Nest), Brooklyn, N. Y. Miss Jennie E. Kennedy (Young Men's Hall), Montrose, Iowa. Miss S. Lizzie Voorhees, (Boys' Cottage), Rocky Hill, N. J. Miss Sarah A. Paddock, (Teachers' Club), Crystal Lake, Ill.

_Assistant Matrons._ Miss Ellen Kitto, Santee Agency, Neb. Miss Fanny Ellis, Yankton, Dak.

_Missionaries._ Mrs. A. L. Riggs, Santee Agency, Neb. Mrs. J. H. Steer, " " " Miss Nettie Calhoun, Kenton, O.

_Industrial Department._ Joseph H. Steer, Santee Agency, Neb. J. Reid McKercher, Moscow, N. Y. Reuben Cash, Niobrara, Neb.

_Native Pastor._ Rev. Artemas Ehnamani, Santee Agency, Neb.

OAHE, DAK.

_Superintendent._ Rev. T. L. Riggs, Oahe, Dak.

_Teachers._ Miss Mary C. Collins, Oahe, Dak. Elias Jacobson, Cheyenne River.

_Native Teachers._ Isaac Renville, Cheyenne River, No. 1. Mrs. Nancy Renville, " " " Eli Spotted Bear, Cheyenne River, No. 2. Mrs. Ellen Spotted Bear, " " " Samuel Smiley, Cheyenne River, No. 3. Mrs. Elizabeth Winyan, " " " Edwin Phelps, Grand River Station. Mrs. Ellen Phelps, " " " Stephen Yellow Hawk, Oahe, Dak. William Lee, Bad River, Dak.

FORT BERTHOLD AGENCY, DAKOTA.

_Missionary._ Rev. C. L. Hall, New York, N. Y.

_Teachers._ Miss Ellen M. Wilkes, Buffalo, N. Y. Miss Lizzie Bechan, Fergus, Ont.

_Matron._ Miss L. H. Douglass, New Haven, Conn.

FORT STEVENSON SCHOOL. Supported by Government.) _Superintendent._ Mr. F. B. Wells, Rhinebeck, N. Y.

_Teacher._ Miss E. L. Ward, Appleton, Wis.

_Matron._ Mrs. F. B. Wells, Rhinebeck, N. Y.

S'KOKOMISH AGENCY, W. T.

_Missionary._ Rev. Myron Eells, S'kokomish, W. T.

NEW MEXICO.

SANTA FE. _Superintendent._ ---- ----

_Matron._ ---- ----

_Teacher._ Miss Alma Hempel, Whitewater, Wis.

CHINESE MISSIONS.

Alameda-- Mrs. Geo. Morris. Marysville-- Miss M. A. Flint. Joe Jet. Oakland-- Miss Gertrude H. Carleton. Miss Alice Monroe. Oroville-- Miss Maggie A. Daniel. Wong Ock. Petaluma-- Mrs. M. H. Colby. Gin Foo King. Sacramento-- Miss Maria Carrington. Chin Foy. San Francisco, Central--Jee Gam. San Francisco, Central--Miss Jessie S. Worley. Miss Anna L. Snook. San Francisco, Barnes-- Mrs. H. W. Lamant. Chung Moi. San Francisco, Bethany--Mrs. J. C. Snook. San Francisco, West-- Miss F. M. Worley. Miss M. G. Worley. San Francisco, North-- J. J. Mason. Sing Lan. Santa Barbara-- Mrs. B. B. Williams. Hong Sing. Santa Cruz-- Mrs. A. L. Willett.

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THANKSGIVING ADDRESS AT ATLANTA UNIVERSITY.

BY. PROF. W. A. CROGMAN.

If I were asked to-day what one thing since the close of the war has contributed most to the permanent prosperity of the South, I should unhesitatingly answer, Christian charity--that charity which has exhibited itself not only in the giving of gifts, not only in the lavish expenditure of immense sums for the elevation of the degraded masses; but by its prayers, by its sentiments promptly and fearlessly expressed against wrong, by its patient endurance, and by its individual sacrifices made in a field which could promise but little more to the laborer than the reward of conscience for having served at a critical period his country and his kind. It is just nineteen years since the surrender at Appomattox, nineteen short years. But what events have crowded into that brief period! What stupendous changes have been wrought within that time in American society, especially in Southern society!--changes as radical in their nature as they will be far-reaching in their consequences. It is true that these changes have not always been accompanied by peace and quiet and good feeling. This was hardly to be expected. There have been bloodshed and murders. There have been individual sufferings. Thousands have perished by violence and privation. But what, after all, are the sufferings of the thousands compared with the freedom of the millions, and all the possibilities which that freedom grants? And whatever may have been the sufferings, it is safe, I think, to say that they would have been multiplied many times, had it not been for the tireless energies of the Christian churches.

The victories of peace are more glorious than those of war, it is said. I believe it; for they are generally more difficult to achieve. It is easier by far to kill a man than to change his opinions. It is easier by far to overrun a country than to root out of the hearts of its inhabitants their long cherished hatreds and prejudices. This requires time. This requires patience. This requires sacrifice. This requires forbearance and love. Hence it has ever been the lot of Christianity to follow in the track of armies, and reconquer that which was said to be conquered. Cæsar with invincible legions may carry Roman eagles into the very heart of Britain; but the proper subjugation of that island dates from the time when Pope Gregory the First sent St. Augustine and forty monks to preach the gospel to those fierce, wild, uncouth barbarians. And so, when the victorious army of the North was passing in review before President Johnson in the streets of Washington, another army vastly inferior in numbers, imbued with a different spirit, and armed with no other weapons than the Bible and the spelling book, was marching under the eye of God down into this very field from which Grant and Sherman had but recently withdrawn. Silently came they into the field. There was no heralding of their approach, no display. Hopefully came they into the field, notwithstanding they knew that to the majority of the people their presence would be obnoxious. They came with faith in God and love for man. They came impelled by Christian duty and patriotism to wage a new war against the more deadly enemies of the republic--ignorance and vice.

It is not necessary; nor is it desirable to dwell here on the state of the South at that time. It could but present a picture dark and confused at the best. It is not necessary to remind you here of the bitter opposition which existed then to negro education, an opposition which only too often manifested itself in acts of violence and brutality. Nor need I remind you here of the hatred and contempt that was heaped upon the so called "nigger teacher." This is history, known and read of all men. Pleasanter by far will it be, and certainly appropriate on this good Thanksgiving Day, to revert for a few moments to the splendid achievements, under God, of these faithful, Christian workers.

Their work, as we have said, was begun in confusion; but out of chaos they have brought order, out of darkness light. Previous to the emancipation not more than 30,000 colored persons in all these United States could read and write. To-day, according to the statement of Commissioner Orr, of this State, a statement verified by statistics, fully 1,000,000 colored children are in the schools. I say, previous to the emancipation, not more than 30,000 colored persons could read and write. To-day, according to the last report of the society under whose auspices I have been laboring for many years, that society alone has given instruction to 80,000 persons, and these in turn to tens of thousands more. This number could, of course, be greatly swelled by the figures which could be shown by the Congregationalists, Baptists and Presbyterians, who for these many years have been laboring with equal patience, zeal and love, for the advancement of mankind.

There are some, however, who think that there has not been enough accomplished in these years, for the time, the money and the energy spent. Well, perhaps there has not. But suppose these various societies had accomplished, up to this time, nothing more than the teaching of these thousands simply how to read and write, who could estimate the value of the achievement? Who could measure the scope of its influence and tell where that influence will end! When you have once taught a man to read you have placed in his hands the key with which he may--if he be industrious--unlock all the stores of knowledge in his own language. When you have once taught a man to read you have opened up to him unlimited possibilities, and laid the foundations for a broad and liberal culture. When you have once taught a man to read you have introduced him into the best society of all the ages; you have made him the companion of Shakespeare, Milton and Bunyan; of Bacon and of Burke; of Tennyson, Longfellow, Bryant and Emerson; and you have quite unfitted him for slavery. When years ago a kind mistress, in the State of Maryland, undertook to teach a little slave boy to read, little did she think that she was awakening aspirations never again to be quenched; little did she dream that she was unchaining extraordinary powers, and kindling the first fires of eloquence in the soul of a Douglass. The alphabet was made for freemen. It is the weapon most dreaded by tyrants. When Martin Luther would break most effectually and for all time the papal yoke from the neck of Germany, he translated the Bible and set the people to reading. I am thankful to-day for the pen of Lincoln and for the sword of Grant; but more thankful by far for the patient "school ma'am" who taught the negro his letters, and set a million of us to reading.

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INDUSTRIAL EDUCATION. III.--WHAT THE A. M. A. IS DOING.

BY SUPT. ALBERT SALISBURY.

In two previous articles (Oct. and Nov., 1884) I have set forth the general aspects of Industrial Education and its relations to a missionary work like that of the American Missionary Association. I wish now to set forth, briefly, the practical possibilities and the present undertakings of the Association in this line.

Among all the industrial schools of this continent, Hampton Institute stands easily first in the amount of invested capital, or plant, and in the variety and extent of its operations. It is, moreover, unique; there is nothing else like it, and perhaps never will be, either in its scope or in the genius which marks its administration. To give any adequate account of the work in actual operation there would occupy all the space at my command.

The A. M. A. can not attempt to duplicate Hampton Institute; it has neither the means nor the man for such an undertaking.

I therefore pass to the consideration of what it is possible for us to do on our wider field in the present and near future. The industrial training which can be given by the A. M. A. schools is necessarily limited, both by financial and other considerations, not only in extent but also in variety. The ways in which we can wisely make effort seem to be as follows: 1. _Agriculture_, which is to be, after all, the occupation of the great majority of the people for whom we are laboring. In this, we may well give somewhat of theoretical instruction through lectures and even text-books; but more important than this, and not incompatible with it, is that effective teaching which comes by working out the practical object lesson of a thoroughly well tilled farm, as is done at Hampton, and to a less degree, as yet, at Tougaloo and Talladega. In this a two-fold purpose is served. Employment is given to needy students, and practical education is at the same time given, with but partial interruption of the progress of intellectual training.

But the idea of running school farms simply for the first-named end, the giving of employment to students, was long ago abandoned. Student labor is too costly, simply as service. It must be made thoroughly educational in order to be justified. Fortunately, the style of farming which is most truly educational is also most nearly remunerative. Good tools, good live stock, and good tillage are the indispensable factors in this sort of object lesson.