Part 3

BEREA. _Minister._ Rev. John G. Fee, Berea, Ky. BEREA COLLEGE. _Instructors and Managers._ Rev. E. H. Fairchild, D.D., Berea, Ky. Rev. John G. Fee, Berea, Ky. Prof. L. V. Dodge, Berea, Ky. Prof. Walter E. C. Wright, Berea, Ky. Prof. P. D. Dodge, Berea, Ky. Rev. B. S. Hunting, Sublet, Ill. Miss L. A. Darling, Akron, O. Miss Kate Gilbert, W. Brookfield, Mass. Mrs. H. F. Woodruff, Grand Rapids, Mich. Miss E. F. Moore, Wattsburg, Pa. Miss Annie M. Johnston, East Trumbull, O. Miss Jennie Lester, Berea, Ky. Miss Ida M. Clark, Berea, Ky. Miss Eurie J. Hamilton, Berea, Ky. Miss Maria A. Muzzy, Romeo, Mich.

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LEXINGTON. NORMAL SCHOOL. _Instructors._ Prof. Geo. F. Jewett, Peperell, Mass. Mr. Charles H. Jewett, Pepperell, Mass. Miss Hettie C. Minton, Bowling Green, O. Mrs. G. F. Jewett, Pepperell, Mass.

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CAMP NELSON. _Teacher._ Miss Juan R. Kumler, Oberlin, O.

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LOUISVILLE. _Minister._ Rev. J. D. Smith, Louisville, Ky.

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WILLIAMSBURG. _Minister._ Rev. A. A. Myers, Williamsburg, Ky. _Teachers._ Mr. W. E. Wheeler, Marshfield, Wis. Mrs. W. E. Wheeler, Marshfield, Wis.

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CLOVER BOTTOM. _Teacher._ Miss M. R. Barton, ——, Ohio.

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BEATTYVILLE. _Teacher._ Mr. A. W. Titus, Berea, Ky.

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KANSAS.

TOPEKA. _Minister._ Rev. R. F. Markham, Twelve Mile, Kan. _Missionary._ Miss Alice Braman, Wayland, Mass.

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LAWRENCE. _Minister._ Rev. H. R. Pinckney, Lawrence, Kan.

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EUREKA. _Minister._ Rev. W. W. Weir, Eureka, Kan.

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ARKANSAS.

LITTLE ROCK. _Minister._ Rev. Y. B. Sims, Talladega, Ala. _Special Missionary._ Miss Elizabeth M. Keyes, Unionville, Ct.

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FAYETTEVILLE. _Minister and Teacher._ Rev. B. F. Foster, Fayetteville, Ark. Mrs. B. F. Foster, Fayetteville, Ark.

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MISSISSIPPI.

TOUGALOO. _Minister._ Rev. G. S. Pope, Strongsville, O. TOUGALOO UNIVERSITY. _Instructors and Managers._ Rev. G. S. Pope, Strongsville, O. Rev. E. C. Stickel, Oberlin, O. Rev. Azel Hatch, Oberlin, O. Miss Kate K. Koons, Sulphur Springs, O. Miss Mary H. Scott, Amherst, Mass. Miss Fannie J. Webster, Berlin, Wis. Miss H. M. Hegeman, Island City, N.Y. Miss Josephine Kellogg, Clyde, O. Miss Jennie L. Hollegreen, Fredonia, N.Y. Mrs. G. S. Pope, Strongsville, O. Mrs. E. C. Stickel, Oberlin, O. Mrs. Azel Hatch, Oberlin, O. Miss S. L. Emerson, Hallowell, Me. Miss Anna Coffin, Haverhill, Mass.

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CALEDONIA. _Minister._ Rev. M. J. Witherspoon, Caledonia, Miss.

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MERIDIAN. _Minister._ Rev. J. L. Grice, Washington, D.C. _Teacher._ Miss Rosa McCutcheon, Tougaloo, Miss.

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LOUISIANA.

NEW ORLEANS. _Ministers._ Rev. W. S. Alexander, D.D., Pomfret, Ct. Rev. Isaac H. Hall, New Orleans, La. Rev. Henry Ruffin, New Orleans, La. STRAIGHT UNIVERSITY. _Instructors and Managers._ Rev. W. S. Alexander, D.D., Pomfret, Ct. Mr. R. C. Hitchcock, Thompsonville, Ct. Mr. W. J. McMurtry, Wayne, Mich. Mr. J. B. Cannon, West Suffield, Ct. Miss Florence L. Sperry, Topeka, Kan. Miss Katherine T. Plant, Minneapolis, Minn. Miss Thirza J. Miller, Pepperell, Mass. Miss M. M. Jewett, Pepperell, Mass. Miss Flora A. Austin, Nashua, N.H. Mrs. Hannah A. Lord, Centre Lebanon, Me. Mrs. R. C. Hitchcock, Thompsonville, Ct. _Special Missionary._ Miss A. D. Gerrish, Leetonia, O.

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NEW IBERIA. _Minister._ Rev. W. R. Polk, New Iberia, La.

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FAUSSE POINT. _Minister._ Rev. William Butler, New Iberia, La.

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TEXAS.

AUSTIN. TILLOTSON INSTITUTE. _Instructors and Managers._ Rev. W. E. Brooks, W. Haven, Ct. Mr. W. L. Gordon, Austin, Tex. Mrs. W. L. Gordon, Austin, Tex. Miss Helen C. Montague, Kalamazoo, Mich. Miss Adelia Hunt, Elkhorn, Wis. Miss Alice F. Topping, Olivet, Mich. Mrs. M. E. Garland, Austin, Tex. Mrs. W. E. Brooks, W. Haven, Ct.

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GOLIAD. _Minister._ Rev. B. C. Church, Goliad, Texas. _Teacher._ Mr. J. R. S. Hallowell, New Orleans, La.

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HELENA. _Minister._ Rev. Mitchell Thompson, Helena, Tex.

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CORPUS CHRISTI. _Minister._ Rev. J. W. Strong, Talladega, Ala.

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FLATONIA AND LULING. _Minister._ Rev. Thos. E. Hillson, New Orleans, La. _Teachers._ Miss M. E. Green, Flatonia, Tex. Miss H. Cunningham, Tougaloo, Miss.

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PARIS. _Minister._ Rev. J. W. Roberts, Savannah, Ga. _Teacher._ Rev. Byron Gunner, Talladega, Ala.

FOOTNOTE:

[A] Deceased.

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AMONG THE CHINESE.

Berkeley— Miss A. M. Fulton Marysville— Miss M. A. Flint. Joe Jet. Oakland— Miss Clara M. Fisher. Miss Mattie L. Sanford. Miss Margie L. Brewer. Petaluma— Mrs. Carrie L. Ross. Wong Ock. Sacramento— Mrs. S. E. Carrington. Lem Chung. San Francisco Central, No. 1— Mr. D. F. Sheldon. Jee Gam. Miss J. S. Worley. Miss Anna L. Snook. San Francisco, Central, No. 2— Miss M. C. Waterbury. Miss E. D. Worley. Lee Sam. Yong Jin. San Francisco. Barnes— Mrs. C. A. Sheldon. Miss J. M. Sheldon. Lu D. Luce. San Francisco. Bethany— Mrs. J. C. Snook. Hong Sing. San Francisco. West— Miss F. A. Worley. Lon Quong. San Francisco. North— Mr. J. J. Mason. Chung Won. Santa Barbara— Mrs. H. C. Hough. Woo Young. Santa Cruz— Mrs. M. Willett. Stockton— Mrs. M. B. Langdon. Him Wong.

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RESUMÉ OF EDUCATIONAL WORK BY BENEVOLENT ORGANIZATIONS FOR FREEDMEN.

EXTRACT FROM AN ARTICLE OF SECRETARY STRIEBY IN THE FORTHCOMING VOLUME OF THE SCHAFF-HERZOG ENCYCLOPÆDIA OF RELIGIOUS KNOWLEDGE.

WORK OF A. M. A.

The first school for the Freedmen was established by the American Missionary Association. On the 17th of September, 1861, only five months after the beginning of the war, that school was opened at Hampton, Va., where many fugitive slaves had congregated under the protection of the guns of Fortress Monroe. The spot overlooked the waters on which the first slave ship entered the American Continent. The Association steadily extended its work, until it had founded chartered institutions in every large Southern State;—Berea College, Berea, Ky.; Hampton Institute, Hampton, Va.; Atlanta University, Atlanta, Ga.; Fisk University, Nashville, Tenn.; Talladega College, Talladega, Ala.; Tougaloo University, Tougaloo, Miss.; Straight University, New Orleans, La.; Tillotson Collegiate and Normal Institute, Austin, Texas. Land has also been purchased for the Edward Smith College, in Little Rock, Arkansas. It has 49 other schools of different grades. Connected with some of its chartered institutions are Theological, Law and Industrial Departments. Those at Hampton, Talladega and Tougaloo, have large farms. Chartered Institutions, 8; Normal and High Schools, 11; Common Schools, 38; Total, 57; Teachers, 241; Students, 9,608. Howard University, Washington, D.C., established by the Freedmen’s Bureau, in 1882 had 29 teachers and 349 students. The theological department is sustained mainly by the A. M. A.

FREEDMEN’S AID SOCIETIES.

The “Freedmen’s Aid Societies” were early organized. The first was formed in Boston, Feb. 7th, a second in New York, Feb. 23d, 1863. Others followed rapidly—in Cincinnati, Chicago, Cleveland, and elsewhere throughout the North, and in 1865 the teachers employed by all the societies numbered 634. With a view to economy and efficiency they were consolidated in 1866, in the “American Freedmen’s Union Commission.” These societies devoted themselves in large part at first to physical relief and the organization of labor. But ere long, the education of the Freedmen became their chief endeavor and they accomplished much good in the line of secular education. But the several branches were at length abandoned or became absorbed in the societies of the religious organizations. The Commission itself closed in 1869.

THE BAPTISTS.

The Baptists, who conduct their work, both educational and church, among the Freedmen, through their Home Missionary Society, entered early into the establishment of schools; beginning in the Spring of 1862 with schools at St. Helena and Beaufort, S.C., and afterwards adding others at Fortress Monroe, Washington, Knoxville and New Orleans. Missionaries were appointed to preach, and to teach day-schools, and assistants, both male and female, were sent out; from 3,000 to 5,000 pupils were taught yearly, until about 1872, when the secular or day-school system was given up, and efforts concentrated on permanent or higher institutions, some of which had been planted in 1865. In 1882, the Society has under its care 12 schools as follows: Wayland Seminary, Washington, D.C.; Richmond Institute, Richmond, Va.; Shaw University, Raleigh, N.C.; Benedict Institute, Columbia, S.C.; Atlanta Seminary, Atlanta, Ga.; Nashville Institute, Nashville, Tenn.; Leland University, New Orleans, La.; Natchez Seminary, Natchez, Miss.; Alabama Normal and Theological School at Selma, Ala.; Florida Institute, Live Oak, Fla.; Bishop College, Marshall, Tex.; Louisville Normal and Theological School, Louisville, Kentucky. Normal instruction is given in most of the schools; industrial education in several; and Biblical instruction in all. In four institutions a collegiate course is pursued. Five are chartered institutions. In 1882, Schools, 12; Teachers, 79; Pupils, 2,397. The Free Will Baptists have an excellent institution, Storer College, at Harper’s Ferry, W. Va., with 5 Teachers and 245 Students.

THE FRIENDS.

The Friends, true to the principles of the founder of their denomination, George Fox, entered at once the opened door for relieving the physical necessities of the Freedmen, and at length established schools among them; but when the public schools furnished the education, they gradually withdrew. They now maintain Southland College, Helena, Ark., with 277 Pupils, a school in Maryville, Tenn., with 13 Instructors and 211 Pupils, and one in Philadelphia with 291 Pupils, with the supervision of 22 other schools in the South sustained for several months in the year. The Friends (Hicksite), entered the work in 1862, furnishing supplies at first, afterwards sustaining schools numbering at one time 25. They now have one school with 150 scholars.

THE METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH.

The Methodist Episcopal Church had from the first co-operated with the undenominational Aid Societies in the care of the Freedmen, in relieving physical suffering and in giving instruction in primary education. But it concentrated its efforts by the organization, in Cincinnati, Aug. 6, 1866, of “The Freedmen’s Aid Society of the Methodist Episcopal Church.” This Society now reports six chartered institutions, viz.: Central Tennessee College, Nashville, Tenn.; Clark University, Atlanta, Ga.; Claflin University, Orangeburg, S.C.; New Orleans University, New Orleans, La.; Rust University, Holly Springs, Miss.; Wiley University, Marshall, Texas. Four theological schools, viz.: Centenary Biblical Institute, Baltimore, Md.; Gammon Theological Seminary, Atlanta, Ga.; Baker Institute, Orangeburg, S.C., and Thomson Biblical Institute, New Orleans, La. One medical college, viz., Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tenn.; and 14 institutions not chartered. Total number of institutions, 35; teachers, 95; pupils, 3,506. It gives special attention to Biblical instruction, and at Clark University a Department of Industry is established. The African Methodist Episcopal Church founded and sustained Wilberforce University at Xenia, Ohio, with 13 teachers and 170 students.

THE PRESBYTERIANS.

The “Presbyterian Committee of Missions for Freedmen,” was organized by the General Assembly in 1865 and began its work at once, by sending preachers and teachers to the South. Its efforts thus far are confined to the two Carolinas, Virginia and Tennessee, with a few missions and schools in Georgia, Kentucky and Florida. It has under its care three chartered institutions: Biddle University, Charlotte, N.C. (with a Theological Department), Wallingford Academy, Charleston, S.C., and Scotia Seminary, Concord, N.C.; 2 normal schools; 3 graded schools, and 50 parochial schools. Total number of schools, 58; teachers, 108; scholars, 6,088. Lincoln University (Lincoln University P. O.), Oxford, Pa., has an able corps of 13 professors and 200 students—18 theological, 100 collegiate, 82 preparatory. The United Presbyterians have two schools, one in Abbyville, Va., with 4 teachers and 245 students, the other in Chase City, Va., with 3 teachers and 251 students.

THE EPISCOPALIANS.

The “Protestant Episcopal Freedmen’s Commission” was organized October, 1865, and in a few months it opened schools in Petersburg, Va., Wilmington and Raleigh, N.C. The first year the teachers numbered 23, and the scholars, day and night, 1,600. The Committee for Domestic Missions (under whose care this work now is), reported in 1882, 2 normal schools with 8 teachers each, and 11 schools with one teacher each. The normal schools are at Raleigh, N.C., and at Petersburg, Va.

THE ROMAN CATHOLICS.

The Catholic Directory for 1882 reports for the Archdiocese of Baltimore 1 academy for colored girls, with 60 pupils, and 4 other schools with 693 pupils; total, 753; Archdiocese of New Orleans, 7 schools, 330 pupils; Archdiocese of St. Louis, 1 school, 120 pupils; Diocese of Louisville, 6 schools, 332 pupils; Diocese of Natchez, 3 schools, 80 pupils; Diocese of Natchitoches, 2 schools, 40 pupils; Diocese of Savannah, 2 schools, 75 pupils; Diocese of St. Augustine, 6 schools, number of pupils not given. Total schools, 30; pupils reported, 1,730.

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THE SOUTH.

REV. JOSEPH E. ROY, D.D., FIELD SUPERINTENDENT.

PROF. ALBERT SALISBURY, SUPERINTENDENT OF EDUCATION.

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THE HEMENWAY FARM.

BY GEN. S. C. ARMSTRONG.

In 1878, when the 150 acres of arable land of the Hampton Institute could offer no more farm work to the increasing number of negro and Indian students, a generous lady, of Boston, Mass., gave, principally for the benefit of the Indians, the sum of nine thousand dollars, to purchase a fine grass and grain farm of 350 acres, five miles from the school, to which was added, by purchase, 250 acres more, and to it has been given the name “Hemenway Farm,” as a memorial to the husband of the giver.

It was placed in charge of Mr. and Mrs. Chas. H. Vanison, both graduates of Hampton, but has been under the general control of Mr. Albert Howe, formerly of Dorchester, Mass., manager of the Normal School farm.

During the three and a half summer (vacation) months, the sixty Indian boys, excepting about one-third who go to Berkshire Co., Mass., to work with the farmers, spend by turns, in squads of twelve or fifteen, two weeks at a time at this farm, taking part in the stock and farming operations, which are carried on on a larger and simpler scale than at the school. They thus get a wholesome change from life in the workshops, besides useful, practical knowledge. A general knowledge of agriculture and stock is important for those who are learning trades.

The steady working force of the farm is composed of from eight to ten colored boys, who begin October 1st each year, working till the next October, ten hours a day, studying every night from seven till nine o’clock, under the direction of Mrs. Vanison. They receive, besides their board, from $8 to $10 a month, which, excepting $3 a month for clothing, they are expected to save to pay future school expenses. They are an ignorant, destitute class, but, as a rule, are most willing, earnest and deserving students. After working all day, they study harder at night than any others in the school. Ten hours of handling lumber at the saw-mill, or steady work on the farm, or in the machine shop, is no trifling duty, but they are eager for their night lessons.

The ten at the Hemenway Farm are a part of 130 “work students,” thirty of them girls, employed in the various industrial departments, constituting about one-third of the colored pupils at Hampton. They devote a preliminary year to day labor and night study, to fit themselves to enter the junior class of this year’s course, and to accumulate a small fund, averaging $75 for the year, to help meet cost of board, ten dollars a month, besides clothing and books. This is done in part by working two days each week of the regular course. With strict economy and working all vacations, they maintain themselves through the entire course graduating without receiving a dollar in charity, some, however, need help the last year and none are more worthy of it.

The effect on their characters is excellent. Good as it is, that they shall earn and learn in this way, it is even better for the habits, ideas and manliness it promotes. The entire class is mature, averaging 19 years of age. Mr. Vanison is as excellent a manager as we care to have; his wife keeps house, sees to the boys’ meals, rooms and washing, and teaches them nights, besides raising some 500 chickens, at which she has a wonderful “knack.”

The farm was cultivated last year as follows; 75 acres in wheat, 80 acres in oats, 112 in corn, 35 in clover and orchard grass, the rest in pasture, a few acres being devoted to vegetables and an orchard. Much was done in clearing old ditch banks. The stock consists of 50 hogs and pigs, 110 sheep and lambs, 6 colts, and from 10 to 20 beef cattle, which are bought in the neighborhood, fattened on the pasture and killed at the school, two or three a week being required there.

The Hemenway farm, of 600 acres, some 60 acres of it marshy, is situated in Elizabeth City County, on Bach River, which is an estuary half a mile in width. The house is a famous, but plain, old Southern mansion, in which Gen. Washington once dined. Until 1878 it had been for many generations in the hands of an old aristocratic family, whom the war impoverished, and their place was sold for debt. The location is a beautiful one; the region is quite Englishlike in appearance, with its rich, level fields and its hedge-rows. In summer, delicious breezes blow up the river from Chesapeake Bay, four miles distant.

Oysters and fish abound in its water front; a handsome lawn and fine old trees surround the house, all of which are a delight to the boys, especially to the Indians, who have long summer mornings.

The past season a plain but pretty cottage was added to the old house, which was too small, containing a dining-room, kitchen, laundry, and bedrooms for the boys upstairs. This leaves rooms, as was intended by the giver, for tired teachers to come and rest for a night from the cares and din of the institute, to whom the quiet and beauty of “Shellbanks,” its former name, is a great comfort. I must not forget to mention the ample barn, stable, cow-shed, tool-house, corn-crib, extensive stacks of straw, and wind-mill for pumping water for the stock.

This is entirely a negro affair; no white person lives on the place. Its Christian character and influence are earnest and emphatic. Nothing in the Hampton system is more satisfactory than this farm. I hope others like it will be provided for other institutions, but to fit up an old Southern farm after buying it, costs about as much as the land costs.

An unexpected advantage of the farm is its being an excellent place for a badly-behaved Indian boy, when only one is sent there. He is punished by being separated from his old friends, but the ten colored fellows carry him along in their daily routine of work and study; he has no one to “cut up” with; he improves in spite of himself; the plan has never failed to work well; he finally likes it and returns changed for the better.

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REVIVAL IN CENTRAL CHURCH, NEW ORLEANS.

W. S. ALEXANDER, D.D.