Part 1

Produced by Joshua Hutchinson, KarenD and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images generously made available by Cornell University Digital Collections)

CONTENTS.

* * * * *

EDITORIAL. PAGE. PARAGRAPHS 129 BENEFACTIONS 130 CONCERNING ENDOWMENTS 131 DEATH OF REV. J. M. WILLIAMS 133 GENERAL NOTES——Africa, Indians, Chinese 133 CUT OF MODOC FUNERAL 135 ANNIVERSARY ANNOUNCEMENTS 136

THE FREEDMEN.

REVIVAL NEWS——From Tougaloo, Chattanooga, Macon, Atlanta, Hampton, Paris and McIntosh 137 OUR YOUNGEST, THE TILLOTSON 140 TEACHER’S INSTITUTE AT TALLADEGA 140 HON. WM. E. DODGE AND ATLANTA UNIV. 141 ATLANTA TEACHER AT MACON 141

AFRICA.

MR. LADD’S JOURNAL 142 ELEPHANT HUNTING (cut) 143

THE CHINESE.

STATISTICS FOR FEBRUARY——Chinese New-Year 147 JAPANESE PLEASURE PARTY 149

CHILDREN’S PAGE.

THE GRASSHOPPER TEACHER 150

RECEIPTS 151

* * * * *

American Missionary Association,

56 READE STREET, NEW YORK.

* * * * *

PRESIDENT, HON. WM. B. WASHBURN, Mass.

CORRESPONDING SECRETARY.

Rev. M. E. STRIEBY. D.D., _56 Reade Street, N.Y._

TREASURER.

H. W. HUBBARD, Esq., _56 Reade Street, N.Y._

DISTRICT SECRETARIES.

Rev. C. L. WOODWORTH, _Boston_. Rev. G. D. PIKE, D.D., _New York_. Rev. JAMES POWELL, _Chicago_.

COMMUNICATIONS

relating to the work of the Association may be addressed to the Corresponding Secretary; those relating to the collecting fields, to the District Secretaries; letters for the Editor of the “American Missionary,” to Rev. G. D. Pike, D.D., at the New York Office.

DONATIONS AND SUBSCRIPTIONS

may be sent to H. W. Hubbard, Treasurer, 56 Reade Street, New York, or, when more convenient, to either of the Branch Offices, Rev. C. L. Woodworth, Dist. Sec., 21 Congregational House, Boston, Mass., or Rev. James Powell, Dist. Sec., 112 West Washington Street, Chicago, Ill. A payment of thirty dollars at one time constitutes a Life Member. Letters relating to boxes and barrels of clothing may be addressed to the persons above named.

FORM OF A BEQUEST.

“I BEQUEATH to my executor (or executors) the sum of ———— dollars, in trust, to pay the same in ———— days after my decease to the person who, when the same is payable, shall act as Treasurer of the ‘American Missionary Association’ of New York City, to be applied, under the direction of the Executive Committee of the Association, to its charitable uses and purposes.” The Will should be attested by three witnesses.

* * * * *

The Annual Report of the A. M. A. contains the Constitution of the Association and the By-Laws of the Executive Committee. A copy will be sent free on application.

THE

AMERICAN MISSIONARY.

* * * * *

VOL. XXXVI. MAY, 1882. NO. 5.

* * * * *

American Missionary Association.

* * * * *

The friends of the A. M. A. who examine the receipts acknowledged in this number of the MISSIONARY will be gratified to see a total of $31,976.58 for March, thus making up in some measure for the falling off in February. But too much encouragement must not be taken from this single item. Let it only stimulate our friends to a steady effort to round out the year with the $300,000 called for by the annual meeting and by the imperative needs of the work. To reach that sum $168,000 will be required for the remaining six months of the year, or $28,000 per month.

* * * * *

The most infamous enactments of the Congress of the United States have been made in response to the demands of caste prejudice; as for example in the Fugitive Slave Law. A parallel to this is found in the recent bill prohibiting Chinese immigration——an enactment injurious to this country, a wrong to China and a violation of the fundamental principles of the Declaration of Independence, and of the law of God. It is a shameful repudiation of our boast that this land is an asylum for the oppressed of all nations, and it is a cowardly acknowledgment that a hundred thousand inoffensive Chinamen can so excite and alarm a nation of fifty millions of people. It is with great gratification that we chronicle the veto of this bill by President Arthur. We only regret that he has not put the veto more squarely against the principle of such prohibition.

* * * * *

Popular virtue is spasmodic. It was a spasm of public righteousness that overthrew Wm. M. Tweed in New York. But the spasm soon passed and New York was again misgoverned. Sudden uprisings of enthusiasm in the temperance cause have given us prohibitory and other stringent laws, but soon again the tides of intemperance have swept onward. In missionary as well as reformatory work is the evil of these spasms felt. Some new developments of special need or of special encouragement arouse the churches, and unwonted streams of contributions pour into the treasuries of the Mission Boards. On the strength of these gifts the mission work is enlarged and new responsibilities are assumed, but ere long the decay of the special impulse leaves the Boards to face their newly-created obligations with an empty treasury.

This has been specially true in regard to the work among the Freedmen. On the proclamation of Emancipation, and the enactment of laws giving the ballot to the blacks, the popular enthusiasm knew no bounds. Liberal benefactions called into life the Freedmen’s Aid Societies and filled the treasury of this Association. At length, however, the Freedmen fell into the hands of the politicians, and the nation lost interest in the conflicts of parties and factions over them. The Aid Societies were abandoned and the A. M. A. with its vast machinery was left in debt. Now, again, within the last few years has the public attention been aroused to the education of the colored people as their only hope and the nation’s only safety. Presidents Hayes and Garfield have voiced the feelings of the North, and Senator Brown and Dr. Haygood have re-echoed the sentiment for the South. During these late years the treasury of the A. M. A. has felt the new impulse, and again it has ventured upon enlargement. Shall it once more be left on the sands of a retreating tide and the work for the Freedmen be again crippled? Nothing will avert such a result but conscience and Christian principle on the part of the friends of the colored race. If this work ought to be done, and what patriot or Christian doubts it, then the patriot and the Christian must give it their steady and generous support.

* * * * *

BENEFACTIONS.

Mr. Garry Brooks has given $30,000 to found a Brooks Professorship at Oberlin College.

The medical department of Dartmouth College receives $2,000 from the will of the late E. W. Stoughton, of New York.

Hon. Frederick Billings, of Woodstock, Vt., has given $5,000 to the fund now being raised for an additional gymnasium building at Amherst College.

Gen. James M. Coale, of Maryland, bequeathed $10,000 each to Georgetown College, D.C., and St. Mary’s Industrial School for Boys, Baltimore.

The Marquis of Bute offers to add £10,000 to the fund to the proposed University College of Wales, provided the institution be established at Cardiff.

Ex-Gov. Morgan, of New York, has given $100,000 to Williams College for a new dormitory building. The gifts of Gov. Morgan to Wells College amount in all to $275,000.

Miss Sarah Burr, of New York, bequeathed $95,000 for educational purposes in connection with institutions already established and $60,000 towards founding new ones.

* * * * *

_During the past twelve months we have recorded under the head of “Benefactions” $9,118,500 to different educational institutions in the United States. The greater part of this was given for endowments and permanent educational facilities——a portion of it had been provided by donors during previous years, and a part still remains unpaid. Of the grand total only $66,500 was for Freedmen——the money for their support having for the most part come through the contribution boxes._

* * * * *

CONCERNING ENDOWMENTS.

The success already achieved by the institutions of this Association and the favor already won by them among all classes of the Southern people, amply justify the work hitherto carried on. It is believed that the time has fully come when this work should be put upon a more substantial basis. Permanent endowments are needed that these institutions may achieve that larger success which is rightly expected of them.

Certain phases of our work, sometimes overlooked, greatly emphasize this need. Careful attention is invited to the following points:

1. _The unusual difficulties attending the successful prosecution of our work._ It is no ordinary school teaching that we have undertaken to carry on in the South. Our pupils bring to the class-room absolutely no inheritance of scholarly mind. Only two or three generations separate them from the heathenism of the most uncivilized continent in the world. Some of them come with the most meagre vocabulary——a few hundred tattered and torn remnants of English words. Many of them have no equipment of general information, such as other children absorb from their parents. But worse than all is the evil inheritance which many of our pupils bring from centuries of heathenism and slavery. Let us be frank and add that even the great boon of freedom, so righteously conferred, has, by the very suddenness of its bestowal, unavoidably brought peculiar peril and damage to many of the freedmen.

It is not a light task to deal with such material as this. Moral character must be developed at the outset and carefully nurtured all along. The rubbish of incorrect speech must be cleared away, and a correct and copious vocabulary formed. The commonest facts of general information must be imparted. Of course, in our higher institutions there is less of such work to be done; but a still more responsible and difficult task takes its place——that of preparing college and normal students to perform this same arduous primary work as teachers and leaders of their own people. Never was such a mass of ignorance thrown so suddenly upon the educational resources of a civilized people. But there is a brighter side.

2. _The unprecedented facilities now available for the prosecution of our work._ Never was a civilized people so well prepared as our nation now is to meet this great emergency. The progress made in the science of education was never so great as it has been in recent years. The adaptation of methods of teaching to the varying necessities of pupils was never so well understood as now. Text-books and school apparatus, juvenile literature and helps for Biblical study were never so excellent as at present. The value of industrial training, even as an element in the most liberal culture, is receiving unwonted emphasis. In short, the accumulated wisdom of the latest and best century stands ready to serve us, if we only summon its aid. Much of it is in service already; but far more is needed than our present financial resources can command.

3. _The necessity of a high order of talent in the teachers and managers of our work._ To understand thoroughly the needs of such pupils as crowd our schools, and to apply successfully the most approved educational methods, requires something more than an ordinary teacher. An eminent advocate of popular education has stated it as his belief that the most interesting and valuable improvements yet to be made in pedagogical science will be made in connection with the education of the colored people. But tyros and bunglers in teaching will never give us much that is interesting or valuable. The very best teaching ability must continually be employed in our schools and colleges, and be properly remunerated.

4. _The relation of our work to the future of education in the South._ The justification of all Northern missionary teaching in the South has been that it was designed to accomplish what the Southern people were not prepared to do themselves. To whatever extent they may in the future take up our work, it will still be our mission to maintain that helpful leadership which it has been our privilege to exercise from the beginning. Our institutions should be the best and do the best work of any in the South. We should be the first to discern the peculiar needs of Southern pupils and the first to introduce whatever is new and excellent in educational appliances. We ought, for instance, to have at once industrial departments connected with all our larger institutions. Every normal and college graduate should be able to use intelligently either the wood-working or the iron-working tools; and the same expenditure of time and money which the Harvard and Yale boys make in learning to wield the oar and the bat would accomplish this much desired end. Already our institutions are being visited by Southern teachers eager to witness the advanced methods of teaching already introduced. We should always be able to reward such visitors by showing them something which they have not seen before. Above all, we should send out from our institutions such noble specimens of young manhood and womanhood as shall prove a stimulus to the whole educational work in the South.

The destiny of the colored race is to be largely determined by the character of the young men and women now crowding forward into active life. The immediate future will demand all our resources, and more, to save these young people. In the more distant future, our success as influential leaders in education will depend largely upon the promptness with which our institutions are _now_ put upon a substantial basis. Every consideration of past success and of present and future need enforces our plea that these endowments should be provided at once.

* * * * *

REV. J. M. WILLIAMS, of the Mendi Mission, died at Freetown, February 21. Mr. Williams was a native of British Guiana, and born in 1828. He was early impressed with a love to the Saviour and to Africa by his grandmother Christina, a native of the interior of Congo. He was educated in Ebenezer Chapel School, and studied theology with the pastor of the church; became assistant minister, then tutor in training school at Clarkson. But in his own words: “The promise of my childhood made to my grandmother that I would carry the word of God to Africa for her, when a man; this promise made with no other object than to soothe her in her tears for Africa, grew up with me, till I felt I would rather travel from town to town with my Bible, reading and publishing Christ the Saviour to my benighted brethren in Africa, than fill the most exalted and lucrative position in British Guiana or anywhere else.” In 1861 he went to Africa, and with the exception of three years spent in England remained there till the time of his death. Mr. Chase, who visited him in 1880 at Kaw Mendi, where the last five years of his life were spent, says: “For Africa Mr. Williams’ effort may be considered a success. Very few missionaries could accomplish so much in so short a time in any field in Africa.”

* * * * *

GENERAL NOTES.

AFRICA.

——West Central Africa is to receive four missionaries from Oberlin, who will go out under appointment of the A. B. C. F. M.

——The London _Standard_ has received from Durban a dispatch announcing the return of Mr. Richards, a missionary, who has been well received by Oumzila. The King has permitted him to establish a mission in his possessions.

——Of forty physicians who offered themselves to accompany to the Gold Coast Mr. Praetorius, sub-inspector of the Basle Missions, the committee has chosen Dr. Ernest Maehli, of Swiss origin.

——A survey is to be made for a light railway from the West African Gold Coast through the mining regions of the Wassan. If this road is constructed it will open up a country rich in palm oil, India rubber and precious metals.

——John Smith Moffat has been sent to Lessouto as British representative. Born at Kourouman and brought up in England, he has still passed nearly 25 years in Africa, and exercised in the Transvaal a civil magistracy among the natives, whose interests, material and moral, he has always protected.

——Capt. Foot, commander of the ship Ruby, has accepted a call of the Sultan of Zanzibar, with a view to the suppression of the slave trade, which appeared concentrated at Bemba. The Arab bark with which Capt. Brownrigg joined combat has been captured. The French and English governments have taken up the matter.

——The Arab influence is said by the missionaries of the C. M. S. to be destroyed in Mtesa’s kingdom. “No fear of starving now,” writes Mr. O’Flaherty. “We can water our garden, which bears fruit twice a year. We live like lords on native food, have flesh meat twice a day. The climate is lovely, country beautiful, people affable and kind, and we are happy. Our work is so increasing daily that we do not know where to begin or what to do first.”

——A section of the Geographical Society, of Lisbon, has been formed at Horta, chief town of Fayal, one of the Azores, and has commenced to seek means for establishing a help station for shipwrecks, a measure desired for a long time in this latitude where violent tempests so frequently surprise one.

——Messrs. Thornycroft & Co., of England, are constructing a steamer for the use of the Baptist mission on the Upper Congo. The steamer is to be of steel, having twin screws for her more easy control and management amid the currents and sand-banks of the river. Her length will be 70 feet and she will draw only 12 inches of water. The lightness of flotation is secured by a singularly ingenious arrangement of the screws. The contract price of the vessel, complete and packed for transmission to the Congo, with a steel boat and duplicates of the most important portions of the machinery and gear, has been fixed at £1,700. To this will have to be added about £150 for sundry stores, so that the entire cost of the vessel will not exceed £2,000.

* * * * *

THE INDIANS.

——There are 5,500 Indians drawing rations at the Agency of Standing Rock, Dakota.

——During the present session of Congress 140 bills relating to the Indians have been introduced, an average of one to about every 1,700 Indians.

——Thirty descendants of Indians in Delaware have asked to be admitted to the Maryland Conference of the Methodist Protestant Church.

——There are 1,000 Indians in the Everglades of Florida, speaking their own language. They are said to be friendly and honest in their dealing with the whites.

——Among the 275,000 Indians reported in the United States there are 219 churches and 30,000 church members. Out of 70 tribes, 22 are stated to be self-supporting.

——The Choctaw Nation, in the Indian Territory, have long had a law to prevent excessive cruelty to animals; inspired, it seems, not from any example of the whites, but from their own instincts of humanity. The penalty is a fine of thirty lashes.

——A sub-committee appointed by Presbyterians to prepare a memorial for Congress relating to the Indians, adopted the following: “For Indians we want American education, we want American homes, we want American rights——the result, of which is American citizenship.”

* * * * *

THE CHINESE.

——Shanghai, China, has a temperance society with 400 members.

The Chinese pupils at Stockton and Oroville have purchased cabinet organs for their respective schoolrooms.

——In order to introduce telegraphy into China, the authorities grant the free use of the wires to the people for a month.

——A decree has been issued exempting all Chinese converts to Christianity from all levies for idolatrous worship, processions or theatrical performances.

——The Catholic Bishop of Hong Kong says that the Catholic mission there took 400,000 Chinese children last year to bring up in the faith of their church.

——A tract which is being distributed by the Japanese says: “Christianity is spreading like fire on a grassy plain, so that in capital and country there is no place where it is not preached.”

——According to the latest statistics on the subject, there are at the present time 310 Protestant missionary agents in China. Reckoning the population of China at 350,000,000, a ratio is found of _one_ missionary agent to a population of 1,129,032.

* * * * *

ANNIVERSARY ANNOUNCEMENTS.

HOWARD UNIVERSITY, WASHINGTON, D.C.——The anniversary of the Theological Department will be on Friday evening, May 5, when addresses will be made by five young men, who will graduate, and who will be addressed at the close by some person yet to be selected.

FISK UNIVERSITY, NASHVILLE, TENN.——Friday night, May 20, public exercises of Class A., and the conferring of normal certificates. Sunday, 3 P.M., Baccalaureate sermon by President Cravath. Sunday night, Missionary address by Rev. C. L. Woodworth, of Boston, Mass. May 23, 24 and 25, examination of classes. Thursday, May 26, Commencement Day, Anniversary address by Rev. R. G. Hutchins, of Columbus, Ohio.

TALLADEGA COLLEGE, TALLADEGA, ALA.——Baccalaureate sermon, Sunday morning, June 11, by President De Forest. Missionary sermon in the evening by Rev. Edward W. Bacon, of New London, Conn. Examinations on Monday, Tuesday and Wednesday. Monday night, exercises of the Literary Societies. Tuesday night, address by Rev. E. W. Bacon. Thursday, Anniversary exercises and graduation of two from the Theological Department. Commencement concert in the evening.

TOUGALOO UNIVERSITY, TOUGALOO, MISS.——Examinations Thursday. Friday and Monday, May 25, 26 and 29. Sabbath-school Convention, Sunday, May 28. Annual sermon by the President, Sunday night. Exhibition, Tuesday night, May 30. Literary exercises of graduating class, Wednesday morning, May 31. Annual address, Wednesday, P.M., by Rev. Truman N. Post, of St. Louis.

TILLOTSON COLLEGIATE AND NORMAL INSTITUTE, AUSTIN, TEX.——Public examinations, June 5 and 6. Closing exercises, June 7.

WILMINGTON, N.C.——Examinations, June 1. Exhibition in Memorial Hall, June 2.

CHARLESTON, S.C.——Commencement exercises, May 31. Address by Rev. E. J. Meynardy, D.D., of the Bethel M. E. Church.

BEACH INSTITUTE, SAVANNAH, GA.——Closing exercises, May 31. Examinations and grading for next year during the week preceding, ending May 26.