Part 38

Winds and storms, proximate causes of, _E. Mitchell_, xix, 248.^f ----, general, and on atmospheric phenomena, _W. C. Redfield_, xxv, 125; xlv, 302. ----, ----, and on the stratification and elevation of currents in the atmosphere, _W. C. Redfield_, xxv, 128; xxxiii, 52. ----, names and characters of different, _W. C. Redfield_, xxv, 126. ----, average velocity near the surface of the ocean, _W. C. Redfield_, xxxiii, 52. ----, great circuits of, _W. C. Redfield_, xxxiii, 61; xlv, 302. ----, causes of the great system of, _W. C. Redfield_, xxviii, 316; xlv, 307. ----, system of, in the Atlantic, _W. C. Redfield_, xx, 50. ----, direction indicated by the ashes of volcanoes, xxv, 128; xxxiii, 53. ----, curve representing the comparative force of, almost identical with the curve of temperature, xl, 322. ----, curve of calms reverse of the curve of temperature, xl, 322. ----, monsoons, characters of, _W. C. Redfield_, xxv, 124. ----, ----, character and causes of, _W. C. Redfield_, xxxiii, 63. ----, ----, time of changes in the N. E. and S. W., at Canton, xxxv, 220. ----, sea and land, causes of, _W. C. Redfield_, xxxiii, 65. ----, trade, attributed to accumulation of air in the Gulf of Mexico, v, 355. ----, ----, course and causes of, _W. C. Redfield_, xx, 30; xxv, 124; xxxiii, 61. ----, ----, ibid, _J. P. Espy_, xxxix, 120, 129. ----, ----, relation of, to the westerly, of higher latitudes, xx, 30. ----, ----, semi-annual change in, _W. C. Redfield_, xlv, 304. ----, ----, objections to common theories of, _W. C. Redfield_, xlv, 303. ----, of the summit of the Andes and other high peaks, _W. C. Redfield_, xxviii, 314. ----, at Canton, xxxviii, 272. ----, at Montreal, _J. S. McCord_, xli, 331. ---- in U. States, of several years, at different forts, xxx, 10. ----, in the U. States; causes of the coldness and dryness of the west and northwest winds of New England, _T. Dwight_, viii, 307. ----, ----, prevailing, in New York state, 1833, xxv, 259. ----, ----, of New York state, xlix, 179. ----, ----, at New York city, westerly more prevalent than easterly, _W. C. Redfield_, xxxiii, 62. ----, ----, observations on, at N. York for five years, to 1837, inclusive, _W. C. Redfield_, xxxiv, 373. ----, ----, as indicated by the higher clouds, at Otisco, N. Y., _W. Gaylord_, xxxix, 63. ----, ----, prevailing, of Ohio and the West, _C. Atwater_, i, 276. ----, ----, register of, at Hudson, Ohio, _E. Loomis_, xli, 319; xlix, 279, 280. ----, at New Orleans, 1833-36, _Prof. Barton_, xxxi, 401.

STORMS OR TORNADOES.

---- of the Atlantic, v, 352. ---- ----, _W. C. Redfield_, xx, 17^f; xxv, 114; xxxi, 115^f; xlii, 112.^f ---- ----, ----, September, 1804, xxxi, 124.^f ---- ----, ----, September, 1821, xx, 20, 24; xxxi, 126.^f ---- ----, ----, August, 1827, xxxi, 123.^f ---- ----, ----, August, 1830, xx, 34^f, 39; xxxi, 125^f, 136.^f ---- ----, ----, September, 1830, xx, 41; xxxi, 125.^f ---- ----, ----, December, 1830, xxxi, 126.^f ---- ----, ----, June, 1831, xxxi, 123.^f ---- ----, ----, August, 1831, xxi, 191; xxv, 119; xxxi, 123.^f ---- ----, ----, August, 1835, xxxi, 124.^f ---- of the Atlantic, _W. C. Redfield_, Dec. 15, 1839, xlii, 112.^f ---- in United States, December, 1836, _E. Loomis_, xl, 34. ---- ----, list of, from 1823 to 1842, _E. Loomis_, xliii, 298. ---- in New England, September, 1815, _N. Darling_, xlii, 243. ---- ----, in N. Hampshire, Sept. 1821, _J. Woods_, xxxv, 233. ---- ----, in Connecticut, at New Haven, July, 1839, _D. Olmsted_, xxxvii, 340.^f ---- ----, ----, at Northford, June, 1794, xxxix, 384. ---- ----, in Rhode Island, August, 1838, _R. Hare_, xxxviii, 73. ---- ----, ----, ibid, _W. C. Redfield_, xliii, 263.^f ---- ----, in New York, at Catskill, July, 1819, _B. W. Dwight_, iv, 124. ---- ----, ----, in Onondaga Co., July, 1838, _W. Gaylord_, xxxvii, 90. ---- ----, ----, central N. York, September, 1840, xlii, 210. ---- ----, ----, over lakes Erie and Ontario, November, 1835, _W. C. Redfield_, xxxi, 126.^f ---- ----, in New Jersey, New Brunswick, June, 1835, _J. P. Espy_ cited by _R. Hare_, xxxii, 158. ---- ----, ----, ibid, _W. C. Redfield_, xxxv, 206; xli, 69.^f ---- ----, ----, ibid, _L. C. Beck_, xxxvi, 115.^f ---- ----, in Ohio, at Stowe, October, 1837, _E. Loomis_, xxxiii, 368.^f ---- ----, ----, at Marietta, April 23, 1840, _S. P. Hildreth_, xl, 346. ---- ----, ----, at Mayfield, February, 1842, _E. Loomis_, xliii, 278.^f ---- ----, in Tennessee, at Shelbyville, June, 1830, _J. H. Kain_, xxxi, 252. ---- of Europe, remarks on, _W. C. Redfield_, xxxv, 222. ---- ----, England, January, 1838, _F. Osler_, xxxviii, 103. ---- ----, France, xix, 191; xx, 395; xxxviii, 77. ---- ----, Switzerland, xx, 178. ---- of Asia, near Calcutta, April 8, 1838, _J. Floyd_, xxxvi, 71. ---- ----, China seas, (tyfoons) _W. C. Redfield_, xxv, 121; xxxv, 209^f; xxxvi, 59. ---- ----, ----, September, 1831, _W. C. Redfield_, xxxv, 218. ---- ----, ----, October, 1831, Manilla, _W. C. Redfield_, xxxv, 220. ---- ----, ----, August, 1832, _W. C. Redfield_, xxxv, 217. ---- ----, ----, Raleigh's, of 1835, xxxv, 210^f; xxxvi, 59. ----, barometric effects attending, _W. C. Redfield_, xx, 45; xxv, 117; xxxi, 127; xxxiii, 262. ----, ----, ibid, during storm of December, 1836, in the U. States, _E. Loomis_, xl, 34. ----, ---- ibid, _J. P. Espy_, xxxix, 123. ----, ---- ibid, _H. W. Dové_, xliv, 315.

* * * * *

----, _E. Mitchell_, on causes and nature of storms, xix, 248^f; xx, 361. ----, _W. C. Redfield_, characters of Atlantic and others, gyratory, xx, 21; xxi, 191; xxv, 117; xxxi, 115; xxxiii, 57; xxxv, 214^f; xli, 70; xlii, 301; xlv, 307. ----, ----, direction of gyration, xx, 32; xxv, 117, 121; xxxi, 115; xxxv, 215, 222; xli, 70; xlii, 115. ----, ----, principles respecting the gyratory action of, xli, 70. ----, ----, gyratory storm moves with the main currents, xx, 22; xxi, 191; xxv, 114. ----, ----, velocity of the wind, not the velocity of the movement of a gale, xx, 23; xxxiii, 57; xxxv, 215. ----, ----, rate of progress, course, extent, xxv, 114, 117; xxxv, 215, 221. ----, ----, duration of, xxv, 115. ----, ----, on the changes of wind during, xxv, 116; xliii, 268. ----, ----, direction of wind and course of storm different, xxv, 115. ----, ----, oscillations of the axis of rotation, xxv, 118. ----, ----, centre of, a region of calms, xxxiii, 61. ----, ----, opposite sides of a whirlwind often unequal in breadth, xliii, 275. ----, ----, fluctuations of barometer accompanying the passage of, xx, 45; xxv, 117. ----, ----, fall of barometer a result of the gyration, xx, 45; xxxi, 127. ----, ----, barometric indications extend beyond the limits of the action, xlii, 114. ----, ----, causes of some irregularities, xxxv, 203. ----, ----, two sometimes mingled, xlii, 114. ----, ----, a transference sometimes from the lower to the higher currents, xxxi, 128. ----, ----, transfer of volcanic ashes by upper currents, xxv, 129. ----, ----, directions to navigators with regard to escaping the violence of, xxv, 119; xxxv, 216. ----, ----, in relation to system of ocean currents in the Atlantic, xx, 50; xxv, 130. ----, ----, elliptical circuit of storms in the Atlantic, xxv, 114; xxxi, 128. ----, ----, Atlantic storms originate in the tropics, xxv, 114. ----, ----, the northeasters and southeasters of the United States coast, part of the same storm, xx, 29. ----, ----, Pacific system of storms, same as Atlantic, xxxi, 128, 129. ----, ----, causes of thunder-storms, gusts, squalls and water-spouts, xxxiii, 56, 58, 60. ----, ----, winds not a result of the condensation producing rain, xxxiii, 58. ----, ----, effects of gales on trees and fences, xliii, 263.^f ----, ----, gyratory action from circular fires, xxxvi, 50. ----, ----, Herschel on the views of, xxxv, 281. ----, ----, _R. Hare_ on the views of, xlii, 140; xliii, 122; xliv, 384. ----, ----, in reply to R. Hare, xlii, 299; xliii, 250. ----, _R. Hare_, causes of, xxxii, 153^f; xxxviii, 81, 82; xlii, 143; xliii, 136. ----, ----, effect of an electrified current of air, xxxii, 154; xlii, 143. ----, ----, objections to Redfield's views, xlii, 140; xliii, 122. ----, ----, ---- to Dové's essay, xliv, 137. ----, _E. Loomis_, on the gyratory motion, xliii, 287, 291. ----, ----, different character of the two sides, in the tornado of Mayfield, Feb. 1842, xliii, 285. ----, ----, force of wind, ibid, xliii, 284. ----, ----, effect of, in picking feathers of geese, xliii, 293. ----, ----, character of gyration in small whirlwinds, xliii, 296. ----, ----, causes of the storm of Dec. 1836, xl, 36. ----, ----, limits, ibid, xl, 35. ----, ----, effect on barometer, ibid, xl, 34. ----, _J. P. Espy_, on the nature of, xxxix, 120. ----, ----, effect of heat in producing, xxxix, 120. ----, ----, effect of tornado on trees, xxxix, 127. ----, ----, views of, presented to the British Association, xl, 327. ----, ----, ----, notice of, _A. D. Bache_, xxxv, 280. ----, ----, ----, remarks on, _J. Stevelly_, xl, 329. ----, ----, ----, remarks on, _F. Osler_, xl, 330. ----, _W. Gaylord_, illustrations of a theory of water-spouts, tornadoes, &c., xl, 399. ----, _C. Tracy_, on the rotary character and action of, xlv, 65.^f ----, _W. Reid_, on the laws of, xxxv, 276.^f ----, ----, gyratory character of, xxxv, 183, 277.^f ----, ----, force of, in accordance with the law of magnetic intensity, xxxv, 280. ----, _H. W. Dové_, on the law of, xliv, 315.^f ----, ----, gyratory character of, xliv, 321. ----, ----, barometric indications, xliv, 315. ----, ----, causes of West Indian, xliv, 329. ----, ----, general causes of, xliv, 337. ----, ----, direction to navigators, xliv, 338.

Windows of wire gauze, a protection against malaria, xviii, 370.

Windsor, East, fossil bones of, ii, 146.

Wines of Madeira, xxiv, 240. ---- of Palestine, xxviii, 51. ---- ----, analysis of, _E. Hitchcock_, xlvi, 249. ----, on the alcoholic strength of, xxxvii, 363. ---- and other fermented liquors, researches on ingredients of, _L. C. Beck_, xxviii, 42. ----, ibid, specific gravity of, xxviii, 45. ----, ibid, proportion of alcohol in, xxviii, 48. ----, grease of, xxii, 192. ----, mode of improving, iv, 394. ----, odor of, due to a peculiar ether, _Liebig_ and _Pelouze_, xxxii, 381. ----, tests of coloring material of, _Jacob_, xlix, 198.

Winnebago, Fort, some account of the region around, _D. Ruggles_, xxx, 1.^f

_Winslow, M._, on the minerals of Ceylon, vi, 192. ----, notices from Ceylon, viii, 186.

_Winthrop, J._, ancient catalogue of objects of Natural History, xlvii, 282. ----, meteorological observations during; the years 1741 to 1757, xl, 204.

Wire drawing, vi, 393. ---- gauze windows, a protection against malaria, xviii, 370. ---- rope for deep mines, xxxv, 319. ----, covering for, xx, 409. ----, conducting power of, xlv, 392.

Wirtemberg University, viii, 183. ----, kingdom of, xx, 176.

Wisconsin Indian mounds, xxxiv, 88.^f ----, copper ores in, xliii, 38. ---- lead region, remarks upon, xliii, 35.^f ----, earthworks, _S. Taylor_, xliv, 21.^f ----, elevations in, xlvi, 258.

_Wiseman, N._, Connection of Science and Revealed Religion by, noticed, xxxii, 209.

_Witham, H._, on the vegetation of the first period of an ancient world, xviii, 110.^f ----, investigations on fossil vegetables, xxv, 108. ----, sections of fossil wood, xxvii, 415.

Witherite in the state of Missouri, iii, 63.

_Withers, R. W._, geological notices of Greene Co., Alabama, xxiv, 187.

_Wöhler, F._, method of obtaining osmium and iridium from the platinum residue, xxvi, 371. ----, products of the decomposition of narcotine, xlix, 205. ---- and _Liebig_, on the radical of benzoic acid, xxvi, 261^f; --analysis, 267. ----, bitter almond oil, xxvi, 263. ----, on compact aluminium, xlix, 390.

Wolchonskoite, _Kammerer_, xxvi, 387.

Wolf, anecdote of, iv, 310.

Wolves, destruction to stock in Russia by, xx, 177.

_Wollaston, H. W._, remarks on the Cryophorus of, vii, 140. ----, scale of chemical equivalents, xii, 4; xvi, 371. ----, obituary notice of, xvi, 216; xvii, 159.

Wollaston Medal, awarded to G. A. Mantell, xxviii, 391. ---- ----, ---- to L. Agassiz, xxx, 382. ---- ----, ---- to Richard Owen, xxxv, 197.

_Wolle, J._, catalogue of plants, xxxvii, 310.

Wonders of Geology, _G. A. Mantell_, xxxiv, 387; xxxv, 384; xxxix, 1.

_Wood, A._, Class Book of Botany by, noticed, xlix, 190.

Wood, charring of, xvii, 395^f; xx, 189. ----, bituminization of, in human era, xxxv, 345; xxxvi, 118.^f ----, coating for, xxiii, 199. ----, decay and mouldering of, _Hermann_, xlix, 204. ----, attacked by the Limnoria terebrans, xxxiv, 27. ----, fossil, see under _Fossil_. ----, eatable food from, xxviii, 399. ----, rendered incombustible, xiv, 379. ----, spontaneous combustion of, xxvii, 178; xxxiii, 150; xxxv, 144. ----, process for drying, xvii, 163. ----, inhumed, xvii, 398. ----, preservation of, by pyrolignite of iron, _Boucherie_, xl, 213. ----, ----, xxxiv, 28. ----, set on fire by the direct rays of the sun, xxvii, 179. ----, silicified, see _Fossil_ and _Silicification_. ---- of different kinds, experiments to determine the strength of, xix, 228.^f ----, locust, for subterranean works, xxx, 182.

Wood's inking machine, xxiii, 103.^f

_Wood, G. B._, United States Dispensatory of, noticed, xxxi, 406.

_Wood, J._, rocks moved by ice, ix, 144.

Woodbridge's Geography, notice of, xii, 373.

_Woodbridge, W. C._, American Annals of Education by, notice of, xix, 174, 357. ----, Italian engravings, xv, 401.

Woodbury basin, ii, 231.

_Woodhull, S._, on the heat of 1825, x, 296.

_Woodruff, S._, on the barn swallow, xix, 172. ----, rattlesnake disarmed by leaves of white ash, xxiii, 337. ----, on snakes, xxix, 304. ----, on hybernation and other topics in Natural History, xxiv, 363. ----, the mole carnivorous, xxviii, 168. ----, on the fibre of the Rose of Sharon, xxviii, 371.

_Woods, J._, account of a storm in New Hampshire, Sept. 1821, xxxv, 233.

_Woodward, F. G._, spark extinguisher, xlii, 209.^f

Woody tissue, formation of, xxxviii, 128.

Wool, method of cleansing, xxiv, 205.

_Wooldridge, A. S._, on the coal mines near Richmond, Va., xliii, 1.

_Worcester, J. E._, notice of an American Almanac conducted by, xxxv, 191.