Part 28

Photographic delineation of nebulæ; at Rome, _P. F. de Vico_, xliv, 375. ---- impression of the solar spectrum, _J. W. Draper_, xliv, 204. ---- impressions obtained on silver, &c., without previous preparation, xliv, 159. ---- preparation made with ferro-cyanate of potash, _R. Hunt_, xlii, 317. ---- paper, mode of preparing, xxxvii, 171, 175, 361. ---- ----, action of the different rays of the spectrum on, producing colors, _J. F. W. Herschel_, xxxviii, 111. ---- ----, intensity of light in diffuse daylight measured by, _A. Ure_, xxxviii, 107. ---- process, observations on, _W. F. Channing_, xliii, 73. ---- ---- called Chromatype, _R. Hunt_, xlvi, 396. ---- ----, by which dormant pictures are made, which the breath or moisture will develop, xlvi, 393.

Photometer, _X. de Maistre_, xxiv, 378.^f ----, new, _C. Daubeny_, xxxviii, 96.

Phrenology, notice of _Gall's_ and _Spurzheim's_ views, xxiii, 357. ----, _G. Combe's_ lectures on, in New Haven, xxxviii, 391. ----, remarks on, xxxix, 65.

Phthisis in Paris in 1828, xix, 193.

Phyllites, fossil plants, generic characters of, vii, 182.

Phyllite in Massachusetts, xvi, 207.

Physa, see ZOOLOGY, _Mollusca_.

Physalis pubescens, xi, 170.

_Physick, P. S._, notice of, xxxviii, 155.

Physics, _N. Arnott's_ Elements of, noticed, xx, 155.

Physical Geography, effects of, on the boundaries of empires, _J. Finch_, xiv, 18.

Physiology, some of the principles of, _A. Fourcault_, xix, 391. ----, animal, xxiv, 382. ----, vegetable, xix, 393; xxiii, 138; xxxiii, 290.

_Pickering, C._, description of the Caligus americanus, xxxiv, 225.^f

_Pickering, J._, notice of life of _N. Bowditch_, xxxv, 386.

Pickeringite, analysis of, _A. A. Hayes_, xlvi, 360.

Picropharmacolite of Rügelsdorf, vii, 368.

_Pictet, M. A._, death of, x, 179.

Pictured rocks of Lake Superior, composition of, v, 220.

Pictures, transparent, ii, 348.

_Pierce, E._, on meteoric iron from Otsego Co., N. Y., xlvi, 402.

_Pierce, J._, native carbonate of magnesia on Staten Island, i, 142. ----, geology, mineralogy, scenery, &c. of the secondary region of a part of New York, New Jersey, and the adjacent regions, ii, 181. ----, on mineral waters, &c., iii, 235, 236. ----, on the geology, mineralogy, &c. of the Highlands of New York and New Jersey, v, 26. ----, geology, scenery, &c. of the Catskill Mountains, vi, 86. ----, notice of the alluvial district of New Jersey, with remarks on the marl, vi, 237. ----, an excursion among the White Mountains and up Mount Washington, viii, 172. ----, agriculture, geology, &c. of the Floridas, ix, 119. ----, topography, resources, &c. of Michigan, x, 304. ----, Virginia, shell marl and coal regions of, xi, 54. ----, mineral resources of Pennsylvania, xii, 54.

_Pierce, L._, notice of a halo, x, 369.^f

_Pierpont, J._, meteorological notes in 1692, xlii, 399.

Pig, anecdote of, xlvi, 243.

Pigeons, flight of, in Ohio, _S. P. Hildreth_, xxiv, 134, 136; xl, 348. ----, roosts of, in Ohio, xl, 348. ----, mode of decoying, xvi, 373.

Pigment for the pallet, xvi, 174.

Pilatus, Mount, slide of, iii, 368.

Pimelite in Vermont, viii, 234.

Pine timber, strength of, xix, 228.^f

Pinguite, new mineral species, xx, 197.

Pinite in Massachusetts, ix, 48. ---- (chlorophyllite) in Connecticut, vi, 219; xli, 354. ---- not at Bellows Falls, Vt., xi, 384.

Pink dye, from the flower of the sweet balm, xxv, 413.

Pipa, xi, 271.

Piperine, use of, _G. W. Carpenter_, xiii, 326. ----, notice of, _T. G. Clemson_, xviii, 352.

Piper leptostachyum, v, 287.

Pipes, iron conduit, vi, 173.

Pipestone, red, of the Côteau des Prairies, xxxvii, 393; xxxviii, 138.

_Pirira_, on salicine, xlix, 392.

Pisa, notice of, iv, 383.

Pisolite in Massachusetts, ii, 238.

Pisolitic balls, xliv, 283.^f

Piston, Cooper's rotative, xvi, 313.^f

Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, account of, _S. P. Hildreth_, xxix, 68, 79.

_Pixii_, rotating magnetic machine, xxiv, 144, 146^f, 196.

Plague in Constantinople, remarks on, xxxiv, 32.

Planes, inclined, in the construction of rail roads, _J. Thomson_, xxiii, 107.

Planera, or Siberian elm, notice of, xx, 377.

Planet, supposed new, beyond Herschel, _Cacciatore_, xxxi, 158. ---- Jupiter and his satellites, _Struve_, xiii, 173. ---- Saturn, xiii, 172; xvii, 162; xxv, 191; xxxvii, 373; xliv, 383. ---- ----, sixth satellite of, xxxiv, 207. ---- Venus, _P. F. de Vico_, xliv, 377, 383. ---- ----, rotation of, xxiv, 204.

Planets moving in a resisting medium, examination of the theory of, _R. W. Haskins_, xxxiii, 1. ----, ibid, remarks on, xvii, 389. ----, sizes of, xxxiii, 17. ----, motion of, represented, xii, 103. ----, comparative oblateness of, xxxi, 222.

Planetarium, Russell's, xlii, 400.

Planetary spaces, temperature of, xxxii, 1; xxxiv, 57.

Planorbis, see ZOOLOGY, _Mollusca_.

Plants, number of known species, xlix, 172. ---- of New York, number of indigenous, _J. Torrey_, xl, 77. ----, classification of, according to a natural system, _Robert Brown_, i, 435. ----, grand division, into exogens, endogens and acrogens, xxxii, 295. ----, other subdivisions, xxxii, 296, 299. ----, soul or spiritual life of, _C. F. P. von Martius_, xl, 170. ----, ammonia disengaged by growing, x, 190. ----, carbonic acid disengaged by the roots of, xlv, 227. ----, non-decomposition of carbonic acid by, xxxiv, 44. ----, circulation in, _E. Emmons_, xxvi, 99. ----, ---- of sap in, xix, 393. ----, chemistry of, _J. Liebig_, xl, 177. ----, chemical constitution of cellular and woody tissue in, xl, 176. ----, cultivation of, in moss, xiii, 189. ----, crystalline substances from the juice of, xi, 391. ----, crystals in, _Turpin_, xix, 177; xx, 382. ----, crystals of oxalate of lime in, xx, 383; xxi, 372. ----, crystals in the tissues of, _J. W. Bailey_, xlv, 149; xlviii, 17.^f ----, effect of light on the color and movements of, _D. P. Gardner_, xlvi, 1.^f ----, effect of light on the germination of the seeds of, xliv, 352. ----, ---- ---- on the growth of, xliv, 352; xlvi, 397; xlvii, 194. ----, experiments on inorganic elements of, xlvii, 194. ----, effect of climate on geography of, xlvii, 221. ----, effect of frost of the winter of 1837-8 in England, upon, _J. Lindley_, xxxix, 18. ----, ---- of chemical solutions on, xvii, 388. ----, excrementitious matter from, _J. Buel_, xxviii, 267. ----, experiments on garden, _J. T. Plummer_, xl, 197. ----, growth of, in closely glazed cases, xliii, 383. ----, growing under glass, _C. Daubeny_, xxxiv, 11. ----, ---- ibid, _N. B. Ward_, xxxiv, 11. ----, ---- ibid, _J. Yates_, xxxiv, 13. ----, growing on animals, _S. L. Mitchill_, xii, 21. ----, on the development of the external organs of, xxxvii, 187. ----, on the leafing of, xliv, 419. ----, indicators of seasons, ii, 255. ----, phosphorescent, xv, 170. ----, phosphoric acid in, ii, 358. ----, poisoning of, xv, 169. ----, respiration in, xxii, 363. ----, sleep of, xxii, 375. ----, used for cordage, xxi, 27; xxv, 330; xxviii, 371; xli, 200.^f ---- and mosses, iodine in, xlv, 227. ----, fossil, accompanying anthracite coal, ix, 165. ----, ----, at Mariner's Mill, Ohio, xxxi, 28.^f ----, ----, in coal strata of England, iii, 389; xxxiii, 87, 270. ----, ----, of the coal formations, _A. Brongniart_, iv, 266.^f ----, ----, analysis of _Ad. Brongniart's_ work on, vii, 178. ----, see farther under _Botany_ and _Vegetable_.

Plaster, on the setting of, xvii, 371. ---- of Paris, see _Gypsum_.

Plastic clay of the southeast of England, xxxiii, 92. ---- ---- and sand formation of New Jersey, Massachusetts coast, and elsewhere, vii, 34, 214, 244.

Plate electrical machine, _R. Hare_, vii, 108^f; xxxii, 272.^f ---- ---- ----, viii, 378.

Platinum, size of grains of, xvi, 389. ----, price of, (1833,) xxvi, 210. ----, imitation of, xxii, 383. ----, on the fusion of, _R. Hare_, ii, 295; xxxiii, 195; xxxv, 328; xxxviii, 155, 163. ----, test for, vi, 376. ----, amalgam of, xxvii, 363. ----, action of, on combustible gases mixed with oxygen, xii, 181. ---- mines, found in the Ural, Russia, xii, 384; xiv, 204; xviii, 190; xxviii, 395. ---- of Russia, large masses, xvi, 389; xlvi, 212. ----, large mass of, from Peru, iv, 28; xvi, 389. ----, analysis of the Russian, _J. J. Berzelius_, xviii, 162. ----, in France, xxvi, 389. ---- boilers, at Paris, xvii, 179. ---- lamp, xx, 385. ---- wire, ignited, i, 309. ---- ----, action of heated, on combustible gases, _W. Henry_, xii, 181. ----, spongy, combustion with, discovered by _J. W. Döbereiner_, vii, 387. ----, ----, _J. W. Döbereiner's_ researches on, xviii, 151. ----, ----, _J. Liebig_, xviii, 398. ----, ----, action of, prevented by certain gases, xxxi, 348. ----, ----, ----, _Kuhlmann_, xxxvii, 198. ----, on the dark precipitate of, _J. Liebig_, xviii, 398. ----, new compounds of, _J. W. Döbereiner_, xxviii, 130. ----, a bichloride of, combined with deutoxide of nitrogen, _H. D. Rogers_, xxxviii, 186; xxxix, 369. ----, a property of asbestus imbued with chloride of, xx, 160. ----, chloriodide of, _W. W. Mather_, xxvii, 258. ---- and hydrogen, no combination of, _J. W. Döbereiner_, xxxiv, 207. ---- and soda, a double sulphite of the protoxide of, _A. Litton_ and _Schnederman_, xliv, 274. ----, iodide of potassium and, _W. W. Mather_, xxvii, 257.

Plesiosaurus, from north of Whitby, England, xxix, 364. ----, notice of, xvii, 289.

_Plessy_, on the hydrosulphite of soda, xlix, 200.

Pleurodon, _R. Owen_, xliv, 342.

_Pliny_, on the influence of the ash on reptiles, xxx, 268.

Plough, American, compared with French, vii, 190.

Plumbagine, a new vegetable substance, xvii, 385.

Plumbago formed by pressure, xlix, 227. ----, see _Graphite_.

Plumbago floridana, v, 290.

Plumbocalcite, new mineral species, xxvi, 386.

_Plummer, J. T._, miscellaneous observations on insects, xl, 146. ----, motion of particles of melted spermaceti of a burning candle, xl, 148. ----, suburban geology, (Indiana) xliv, 281.^f ----, fucoids in Indiana, xliv, 290.^f ----, scraps in natural history, xlvi, 236; xlviii, 93. ----, horticultural experiments, xl, 197. ----, on the dry-rot, xlii, 197. ----, combustibility of wood ashes, xlii, 167.^f ----, on a dangerous property of wood ashes, xliii, 80.

Plumose mica, ii, 141.

Pluranium, announced as a new metal, from the Ural, xvi, 384.

Pluviometrical observations, see under _Rain_ and _Meteorological_.

Pneumatic cistern of _R. Hare_, xiv, 200^f; xxxiii, 246.^f ---- paradox, on the true theory of, _J. H. Abbot_, xxxix, 296^f; xl, 144.^f

Poa modesta, xlv, 45.

Poacites, fossil plants, generic characters of, vii, 182.

Poem, geological, v, 272.

Poison of the Argas persicus, xxxiii, 271. ----, Senecio obovatus poison to sheep, xv, 358. ---- of the common toad, xiv, 373.

Poisons, animal, ii, 168. ----, ----, antidotes for, ii, 358. ----, ----, salt a remedy for, xxi, 158. ---- ----, ammonia an antidote against, xvi, 182. ----, ----, the Uvularia perfoliata a remedy for, _B. H. Coates_, xxxv, 270. ----, action of, on vegetables, xii, 196; xv, 169.

Poisonous confectionary, xviii, 157.

_Poisson, S. D._, on the temperature of the earth, atmosphere and of space, xxxiv, 57. ----, death of, xl, 220.

Poland, a history of, published by N. Rosenfield, vi, 390.

Polanisia, i, 378.

Polar, north, fogs of, xiv, 378. ----, ----, account of explorations, i, 101; xvi, 124.

Polariscope, for polarized light, xv, 369.^f ----, natural, of tourmaline in mica, _B. Silliman, Jr._, xlvii, 418.

Polarity, new kind of, in light, _D. Brewster_, xxxv, 292. ---- of molecules in crystallization, _J. D. Dana_, xxx, 275.^f ----, electric, see under _Electricity_.

Polarization of heat, xxviii, 366, 397. ---- ----, remarks on, _J. D. Forbes_, xl, 317. ---- of light by reflection, _D. Brewster_, xxii, 277.^f ---- by refraction, laws of, _D. Brewster_, xxiii, 28^f, 227.^f ----, use of mica in, _J. D. Forbes_, xxxviii, 101. ----, elliptical, of reflected light, _B. Powell_, xliv, 171; xlvi, 390. ----, auroral light without, _J. Henry_, xxxix, 366.

Polarized rings produced in specimens of decomposed glass, _D. Brewster_, xl, 325. ---- light, exhibited by means of oxy-hydrogen microscope, xxxviii, 102.

Polarizing rocks, xx, 198.

Pole, north, attempts to discover, i, 101.

Polishing of granite, iv, 246; viii, 185.

Pollen, analysis of, _M. Prinsep_, xviii, 402. ----, yellow showers of, xxxix, 399; xlii, 195. ----, ---- ----, examined by _J. W. Bailey_, xlii, 196.^f

Polycrase, a new mineral species, xlix, 394.

Polygons, on the measure of, _G. C. Whitlock_, xlvii, 380.^f

Polyhydrite, xlii, 386.

Polynesian Islands, new work on, xxix, 290.

Polynomials, involution of, _W. J. Lewis_, xlii, 239.

Polyps, a group of, v, 46.

Polytechnic Institute of Vienna, x, 379. ---- Society of Paris, xxiv, 191.

Polythalamia, American, xli, 400.^f ----, fossil, in the United States, _J. W. Bailey_, xlviii, 102, 340.^f ----, ----, from Petersburg, Va., _J. W. Bailey_, xlv, 313. ----, ----, from the Upper Mississippi, _J. W. Bailey_, xli, 400.^f

_Pomeroy, S. W._, remarks on the coal formation of Pennsylvania, xxi, 343.

Pompeii, how covered, iii, 374. ----, excavation of, iv, 384.

Pompton Mountains, N. J., rocks of, v, 241.

Pond, a fermenting, v, 199.

_Ponton, M._, on paper for photography, xxxvii, 361.

Poor, education of, iii, 379.

Popocatepetl, ascent of, xxviii, 220.

Population of France, xv, 397. ---- of Glasgow, proportion of males to females, xxviii, 80. ---- of Great Britain, xxiv, 211. ---- of Manchester, England, xxviii, 80. ---- of Prussia, ix, 184. ---- of Russia, iv, 389. ---- and religion of Russia, xv, 397. ---- of Sweden, in 1816, 17, 18, ii, 347. ---- of the United States at the earliest census, xxxiii, 278. ---- ----, rate of increase since first census, xxxiii, 278, 279. ---- of New York city, in 1826, x, 398.

Populine, xix, 380.

Porcelain and porcelain clays, i, 57. ---- and earthenware, on the art, xxvi, 233^f; --history of, 233; Egyptian, 234; Roman, 234; Phenicia, 235; Indian mounds, 237; Chinese, 237; European, 238; Wedgewood ware, 242; kinds of, 259; materials used for, 245; processes, 249; mode of glazing, 254. ----, mode of coloring, iii, 217; xxvi, 256. ----, enamel for, v, 189. ----, manufactory at Philadelphia, xiv, 198; xviii, 384. ----, difference between the English, and that of the continent, xxxiii, 407. ---- clay, from Granby, Ct., xviii, 199. ---- ----, of Pennsylvania and Delaware, xviii, 384. ---- ----, in Maryland, xxvii, 19.

Porosity of glass and siliceous bodies, vii, 192.

Porphyry of the Chinese frontier, xvii, 32. ---- in Nova Scotia, xv, 203, 213. ---- of Peru, xvii, 57.

Portable gas, xv, 189. ---- ---- lamp, iii, 371.

_Porter, A. L._, edition of Gray's Operative Chemist, by, noticed, xix, 362.

_Porter, J._, floral calendar of Plainfield, Mass., 1818, i, 254. ----, ---- ----, ibid, for 1819; iii, 273. ----, on snow crystals, ii, 339. ----, minerals of Plainfield, v, 270. ----, catalogue of minerals, vi, 246; vii, 58, 252; viii, 233; x, 18. ----, notice of a rocking stone, ix, 27.^f ----, on the American Antiquarian Society, xviii, 136. ----, on the garden of Fromont, xx, 83. ----, Roxbury rocking stone, vii, 59.^f

_Porter, R. K._, travels in Persia, xxxvii, 347.

_Porter, T. D._, contributions to the Geological Society, ii, 143. ----, geological notice of some parts of North and South Carolina, iii, 227. ----, reply to _T. Cooper_ on tests of arsenic, iv, 160. ----, mineral localities on the Connecticut, ix, 177.^f ----, specimens of Zircon, iii, 229; v, 271.

_Porter, W. S._, sketches of Alabama, xiii, 77.

Portugal, public instruction in, vii, 198.

Post office department, progress of the American, xv, 373.

Post offices in France, income of, for 1824, x, 174.

Postage of printed sheets in England, xlix, 228.

Pot and pearl ashes, method of manufacturing, by _G. A. Rogers_, viii, 304.

Potamogeton Claytoni, xlv, 38. ---- pulcher, xlv, 38.

Potassa in sea-water, iii, 371. ----, caustic, of commerce, xxxv, 299. ----, commercial, of New York, researches on, _L. C. Beck_, xxix, 260. ----, ----, adulteration of, xxix, 261. ----, ----, manufacture of, xxix, 261. ----, mode of obtaining from feldspar, _Fuchs_, xxi, 157. ----, detection of, by the oxide of nickel, xvi, 387. ----, mode of separating from soda, xxix, 273. ----, Davy's original mode of decomposing, xxi, 367.^f ----, action of, on organic matters, xvii, 382; xxiv, 372. ----, action of, on cholesterine, xliv, 60. ---- and soda, mixture of pure carbonates of, xlix, 195. ----, carbonate of, mode of preparing, free from silica, xlix, 195. ----, chlorate of, mode of obtaining, ix, 201. ----, pure chromate of, xx, 409. ----, to test the chromate of, _S. Zuber_, xxiv, 372. ----, chromate of, means of determining the purity of, xvi, 392. ----, ----, a test for distinguishing strontia and baryta, xxxvi, 183. ----, bichromate of, ulcers produced by the use of, xvi, 384. ----, manganesiate of, _F. Wöhler_, xxviii, 137. ---- and copper, sulphate of, xx, 195. ---- and silica, new compound of, xvi, 397.

Potassium, atomic weight of, xlvii, 189. ----, preparation of, viii, 372. ----, best method of preparing and preserving, xix, 205.^f ----, new apparatus for obtaining, _L. D. Gale_, xxi, 60.^f ----, improvement in Brunner's process for, _R. Hare_, xxiv, 312. ----, an improved mode of obtaining, _R. Hare_, xxxviii, 338; xl, 27. ----, properties of, xvii, 182. ----, price of, in 1825, ix, 387. ----, experiments on, by _J. T. Ducatel_, xxv, 90. ----, ammoniacal nitruret of, xxv, 205. ----, iodide of platinum and, _W. W. Mather_, xxvii, 257. ----, preparation of iodide of, ix, 188. ----, ferridcyanide, deoxidation of, _C. F. Schönbein_, xlix, 203. ---- and naphtha, explosive compound produced from, xxiv, 315. ----, mode of filling tubes with, xxiv, 316.

Potatoe, found wild in South America, iv, 195. ----, fruitfulness of, iii, 381. ----, culture of, in France, xxvii, 176. ----, on the growth of, xii, 170. ----, precaution in planting, xxi, 159. ----, nutrition from, _E. Ives_ on, i, 297. ----, mode of preserving, vi, 200; xvii, 188. ----, how to boil, xxiii, 201. ----, used in steam engine boilers, vii, 193. ----, oil from spirits of wine of, xxviii, 386. ----, essential oil of, _A. Cahours_, xxxii, 382. ---- cheese, xviii, 395; xxiii, 202. ---- flour for bread, xvi, 391. ---- ----, detection of, in wheat, xvii, 173. ----, molasses from, _S. Guthrie_, xxi, 93. ---- starch, sugar from, _S. Guthrie_, xxi, 284. ----, Sweet, sugar in, xv, 285. ---- fly, cantharidin in, ii, 137.

Potentilla supina, xiv, 114.

Pot-holes, made by means of running water, in the Green Mountains, vi, 252. ----, near the Franconia Notch, xxxiv, 122.

Potosi silver mines, xxiv, 233.

Potstone, Middlefield, Mass., viii, 51. ---- of Greenland, xvii, 14.

_Potter, C. E._, notice of a rocking stone, xxiv, 185.^f

Pottery, analysis of, xv, 183. ----, notice of _A. Brongniart_ on, xxxi, 134. ----, ancient American, xxvii, 175.

Powder of Cassius, purple, see _Cassius_. ---- of Balda, viii, 204. ---- mills, inflamed by the stroke of copper, xiii, 161.

Powders, fulminating, see _Fulminating_.

_Powell, B._, on the interference of light, xxxviii, 107. ----, on refractive indices, xxxviii, 107. ----, on the wave theory, xxxviii, 108. ----, on radiant heat, xl, 313. ----, on certain cases of elliptically polarized light, xliv, 171. ----, on the elliptic polarization of light, reflected from various substances, xlvi, 390.

Power of horses, xxi, 167.

Pozzuolana, iv, 373.

Practical Tourist, review of, xxiii, 213.

Prague, statistics of, ix, 184.

Prairies, origin of, _R. W. Wells_, i, 331. ----, ---- and extension of, _R. Nutt_, xxiii, 40. ---- of the West, _C. Atwater_, i, 116. ---- and barrens of the West, _A. Bourne_, ii, 30. ---- of Alabama, _W. W. McGuire_, xxiv, 187; xxvi, 93. ---- formation of Opelousas an Attakapas, _W. M. Carpenter_, xxxv, 344. ----, observations on, _G. Jones_, xxxiii, 226;--dry prairies, 226; comparison with Holland, 228. ---- of Ohio, xxxiii, 230. ---- of Texas, _J. L. Riddell_, xxxvii, 212. ----, Hog-wallow, of Texas, notice of, xxxix, 211.

Prase in Massachusetts, i, 344. ---- in Rhode Island, viii, 226, 230. ---- in Pennsylvania, viii, 238.

Precession of the equinoxes, remarks on, vii, 323^f; viii, 132, 139.^f ---- ----, constant of, _O. Struve_, xlvii, 91.

Precipitate, purple, of silver and gold, xxii, 198.

Prehnite, _L. P. Walmstedt_ on, ix, 378. ----, datholite, &c. at Kewenaw Point, Lake Superior, _C. T. Jackson_, xlix, 87. ----, in Connecticut, i, 50, 135; ii, 232; vi, 223. ----, in Massachusetts, i, 114; iii, 364. ----, in New Jersey, ii, 183, 191, 195, 197; v, 239; xl, 69; xliv, 58. ----, in Pennsylvania, x, 220.

Premiums by the French Academy of Sciences, for 1827, xiv, 380, 389. ---- ---- ----, for 1831, xxii, 194. ---- offered by the Society for the Encouragement of National Industry, France, 1821, 1822, iv, 192. ---- ---- ----, for 1832-34, xxii, 359. ----, for Mechanical Arts, iv, 192. ----, for Chemical Arts, iv, 192. ----, for fabrication of Russian leather, iv, 193. ----, for Economical Arts, iv, 193. ----, for useful inventions in agriculture, xviii, 382. ----, for chemical and medical discoveries, xxii, 194. ----, scientific, xxiv, 210. ----, see farther under _Medals_ and _Prizes_.

Prenanthes aphylla, v, 299.

Preservation of objects in Natural History, iv, 198. ---- of specimens of animals, directions for, xii, 271; xix, 52. ---- ---- ibid, with arsenical soap, xix, 53. ---- of zoological collections from insects, _T. S. Trail_, xv, 167. ---- of animal and vegetable substances from insects, _J. Macartney_, xxxi, 367. ---- of specimens, new mode of, _J. L. Riddell_, xxxv, 338. ---- of eggs, Scotch method, xxvi, 188. ---- ---- for cabinets, xxi, 161. ---- of insects, _T. Roger_, xix, 213. ---- ----, xix, 56; xxi, 162. ----, of freshwater shells, xlii, 391. ---- of Echini with the spines, xxix, 353. ---- of skins, xxvi, 188. ---- of fish skins for museums, xxxvi, 196. ---- of anatomical preparations, vi, 384. ---- of skeletons, xix, 57. ---- of animal bodies, new mode of, by petrifaction, _G. Segato_, xxix, 359. ---- of animal preparations, by Gannal's new process, xl, 194. ---- of animal substances, salt for, xxx, 183. ---- of crystalline lenses, xxvi, 216. ---- of dead bodies, i, 307. ---- of meats, &c. by Appert's process, xiii, 163. ---- of fruits without sugar, method of, xv, 381. ---- of substances by alkalies, xxiii, 383. ---- of cordage, &c. from moisture, xxiii, 199. ---- of firemen against fire and flame, xviii, 177; xx, 96.^f ---- of grain from mice, vii, 378. ---- of timber by pyrolignite of iron, _Boucherie_, xl, 213. ---- of the Royal George, xl, 213. ---- from rust, a mode of, by means of caoutchouc, vi, 398. ---- of iron from rust, xix, 203; xxi, 150; xxii, 382; xxiii, 199, 383.

_Presl_, notice of the Genera Fileacearum of, xxxix, 174.

Press, botanical, _J. Locke_, xxx, 54.^f ----, printing, see _Printing_.

Pressure in the ocean at great depths, see _Ocean_. ----, atmospheric, see _Barometrical_. ---- on the human body, variations of, and apparatus for withdrawing, xxxiv, 30. ----, effect of instantaneous, as compared with accumulative, _C. Bonnycastle_, xl, 32.

Price of labor and subsistence in some parts of Europe, xxxvi, 176.

_Priestley, J._ philosophical character of, _W. Henry_, xxiv, 28. ----, discoveries by, xxiv, 30.

Primula farinosa, iv, 59.