Part 2

Thus it will be seen that the guaranty means nothing more than the word of the manufacturer that he will be responsible in case of prosecution, and I fear that not a few of the guarantees at present published are given without due regard to facts, in the hope that the Department of Agriculture, with the tremendous task confronting it of putting the rules and regulations into practice, may be a long while reaching some of these articles.

Meanwhile many persons will be deluded into purchasing such articles in the belief that the phrase referred to is evidence that the Government is responsible for the claims made, when in point of fact nothing of the kind is meant.

An instance recently coming to my attention, presumably of this kind, is that of an article which is being advertised in the prominent daily newspapers in the form of reading notices (a most reprehensible form of advertising) as a remedy for consumption and bronchial affections. An examination of the substance shows it to be a fictitious product containing oil of turpentine, gum turpentine, with evident traces of copaiba and sandalwood. It bears a label which indicates a somewhat mixed origin, as two widely differing plants of the pine family are included in the botanical name which is given for it.

In the regulation of the narcotic drugs, such as opium and its derivatives, morphine, cocaine, etc., a wonderful step has been taken. If the public could realize the harm that has been done to persons who have unconsciously formed drug habits by taking proprietary catarrh cures there would be universal amazement at the depths of degradation to which a manufacturer will lower himself in order to increase the profit on an article by stimulating an increase in its sale. Instances have come before the authorities at Washington in which manufacturers have frankly admitted that they had added morphine or cocaine to their nostrums in order that their continued use might be assured.

There is much work still to be done in the near future in connection with the enforcement of the act to render its provisions effective, but I believe that I have given enough examples from the hundreds which I have at my disposal to indicate that the ultimate effect of the Food and Drugs Act, if it be wisely enforced, as is expected, will be very material in benefiting the health of the community at large.

PROPRIETARY PREPARATIONS APPROVED BY COUNCIL ON PHARMACY AND CHEMISTRY.

ARISTOCHIN.

Aristochin.—CO (C_{20}H_{25}N_{2}O_{2})_{2}=C_{41}H_{46}N_{4}O_{5}, the neutral carbonic ester of quinine.

Actions and Uses.—The same as those of quinine, but, since it is only slowly acted on by acids, it is said not to produce disturbance of the stomach and to be notably free from tendency to production of cinchonism. Dosage.—The same as that of quinine, in powder, mixed with milk sugar, dry on the tongue or suspended in liquids. Manufactured by Farbenfabriken, vorm. Friedr. Bayer & Co., Elberfeld, Germany (Continental Color & Chemical Co., New York).

ARISTOL.

A name applied to Thymolis iodidum, U. S. P. Manufactured by Farbenfabriken, vorm. Friedr. Bayer & Co., Elberfeld, Germany (Continental Color & Chemical Co., New York).

ASPIRIN.

Aspirin C_{6}H·_{4}O(CH_{3}CO)·COOH· 1:2 = C_{9}H_{8}O_{4}, the acetyl derivative of salicylic acid.

Actions and Uses.—It acts like salicylic acid, over which it possesses the advantage of producing less of the undesired local and systemic side effects, on account of the slow liberation of the salicylic acid. It passes the stomach unchanged, the decomposition beginning in the intestine. Dosage.—0·3 to 1 gramme (5 to 15 grains) in capsules or wafers, or dissolved in sweetened water or dry on the tongue, followed by a swallow of water. The powder should be dispensed in waxed paper. Manufactured by Farbenfabriken, vorm. Friedr. Bayer & Co., Elberfeld, Germany (Continental Color & Chemical Co., New York).

BENZOSOL.

Benzosol, C_{6}H_{4}(OCH_{3}) (C_{6}H_{5}COO) = C_{14}H_{12}O_{3}, a crystalline compound of guaiacol in which the hydrogen of the hydroxyl is replaced by benzoyl.

Actions and Uses.—Benzosol is decomposed slowly in the intestinal tract into guaiacol and benzoic acid which exert their proper actions. The liberated constituents are absorbed and excreted in the urine. It is not irritating. Its uses are analogous to those of creosote and of benzoic acid. It is recommended in incipient pulmonary tuberculosis, as an intestinal antiseptic in fermentation, diarrhea, typhoid fever, diabetes mellitus and as a urinary disinfectant in cystitis, etc. Dosage.—0·2 to 0·6 gramme (3 to 10 grains), in powder, capsule, pill, or suspended in liquids or as an emulsion. Manufactured by Farbwerke, vorm. Meister, Lucius & Bruening, Hoechst a. M. (Victor Koechl & Co., New York).

BETA-EUCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE.

Beta-eucaine hydrochloride, C_{5}H_{7}N(CH_{3})_{3}(C_{6}H_{5}COO)·HCl, the hydrochloride of 2,6,6 trimethyl-4-benzoyl-hydroxypiperidine.

Actions and Uses.—Beta-eucaine hydrochloride is a local anesthetic like cocaine, but weaker and devoid of the stimulating properties of the latter. It does not dilate the pupil, nor does it contract the blood-vessels as does cocaine. It has the advantage of stability even on prolonged boiling. It may be used in all cases in which cocaine is indicated as a local anesthetic, especially in ophthalmology. Dosage.—It may be applied in a 2 to 3 per cent. solution to the eye, 5 to 10 per cent. for nose and throat, and 5 to 10 per cent. for ointment for hemorrhoids. Manufactured by Chemische Fabrik auf Actien, vorm. E. Schering, Berlin (Schering & Glatz, New York).

BETA-NAPHTHOL BENZOATE.

Beta-naphthol benzoate, C_{6}H_{5}·COO·C_{10}H_{7} = C_{17}H_{12}O_{2}, the benzoic ester of β-naphthol.

Actions and Uses.—Beta-naphthol benzoate is split up into its constituents on reaching the intestinal tract and acts as an antiseptic. It is said to be diuretic. It is used internally as an intestinal antiseptic in diarrhea and typhoid fever. Externally it has been recommended as a parasiticide in the form of 3 to 10 per cent. ointment, and has been used in psoriasis, eczema, scabies, etc. Dosage.—0·2 to 0·5 gramme (3 to 8 grains); maximum dose, single, 1 gramme (15 grains), daily 4 grammes (60 grains). Manufactured by Fabrik von Heyden, Radebeul near Dresden (Merck & Co., New York).

BETOL.

Betol, C_{6}H_{4}·OH·COO (C_{10}H_{7}) = C_{17}H_{12}O_{3}, the salicylic ester of β-naphtol.

Actions and Uses.—Betol is not affected in the stomach, but is split up in its original components when it reaches the intestinal tract by the pancreatic juice and intestinal secretions. It is believed to act as an intestinal antiseptic and, being excreted in the urine, to act in a similar way in the bladder. It has the anti-rheumatic properties of salicylic acid. It is recommended for intestinal fermentations, catarrh of the bladder, particularly in gonorrheal cystitis, for rheumatism, etc. Dosage.—0·3 to 0·5 gramme (4 to 8 grains) in cachets, milk or emulsion. Manufactured by the Heyden Chemical Works, New York.

BISMAL.

Bismal, 4 (C_{15}H_{12}O_{10})·3Bi(OH)_{3} = Bi_{3}C_{60}H_{57}O_{49}, a compound of bismuth hydroxide and methylendigallic acid.

Actions and Uses.—Bismal is an astringent and is recommended for the treatment of chronic diarrhea. Dosage.—0·12 to 0·3 gramme (2 to 5 grains) in cachets or powder. Manufactured by E. Merck, Darmstadt. (Merck & Co., New York.)

BOROCHLORETONE.

A mixture of 1 part chloretone with 3 parts boric acid.

Actions and Uses.—An antiseptic and anesthetic, used externally as a surgical dressing powder. Prepared by Parke, Davis & Co., Detroit, Mich.

BROMETONE.

Brometone, 1,1,1-tribrom-2-methyl-propan-2-ol, CBr_{3}·C(OH) (CH_{3})·CH_{3} = C_{4}H_{7}OBr_{3}, produced by the reaction of acetone on bromoform.

Actions and Uses.—Brometone is claimed to have the sedative action of the bromides without the disadvantage of producing bromism. In doses of 0·3 gramme (5 grains) four or five times a day, in adults, it is claimed to cause no unpleasant results and to produce no disturbance of the digestive organs, and to have no appreciable effect on the secretions. Its action is prompt and its effect is manifest for several hours. In doses exceeding 1·6 grammes (25 grains) daily it may produce dizziness, vertigo, anorexia, and mental hebetude, all of which symptoms disappear on discontinuance of its use. Therapeutically it has been recommended in mild conditions of excitation and insomnia, in so-called narcotic abstinence, in hysteria, and in nervous affections generally. It relieves some forms of cough and is said to produce amelioration in about 60 per cent. of cases of epilepsy. It has been used to relieve dizziness due to labyrinthine disturbances. Dosage.—The dose is 0·3 gramme (5 grains), to be repeated two or three times during twenty-four hours. Manufactured by Parke, Davis & Co., Detroit, Mich.

BROMIPIN.

A bromine addition product of sesame oil, containing 10 per cent. of bromine in organic combination.

Actions and Uses.—Bromipin acts like the bromides, but as it yields its bromine more slowly it is thought to have less tendency to produce brominism. The combination is not broken up in the stomach, but a portion of the bromine is split off as soon as the oil enters the intestine. The oil with the remaining bromine is easily absorbed, and, similarly to other fats, is largely deposited in the tissues, where it is slowly split up. It is said to be more lasting in its action than the bromides. Dosage.—4 c.c. (1 fluidrachm), increased in cases of epilepsy to from 8 to 32 c.c. (2 to 8 fluidrachms); in emulsion with peppermint water and syrup, or pure, flavored with oil of peppermint. Manufactured by E. Merck, Darmstadt. (Merck & Co., New York.)

BROMIPIN—33⅓ PER CENT.

A 33⅓ per cent. brominized sesame oil. Manufactured by E. Merck, Darmstadt. (Merck & Co., New York.)

BUTYL-CHLORAL HYDRATE.

Actions and Uses.—Its action is similar to that of chloral, except that it is said to be less depressing and more analgetic. It has been especially recommended for facial neuralgia. Dosage.—0·3 to 1·3 grammes (5 to 20 grains).

CALCIUM ICHTHYOL.

A derivative of ichthyol in which calcium is substituted for ammonium. Manufactured by the Ichthyol Company, Hamburg. (Merck & Co., New York.)

CALOMELOL.

A soluble colloidal form of calomel, containing albuminoids.

Actions and Uses.—Its action is the same as that of calomel, but it is claimed to be superior because of its solubility in water, acting more rapidly and efficiently. Calomelol is claimed to be non-irritant and particularly non-toxic. The indications for its use are the same as for calomel. Dosage.—Internally the same as calomel. Externally it is used as a dusting powder, mixed with an equal quantity of starch or of a mixture of starch and zinc oxide, or in the form of calomelol ointment. It should be guarded from the light. Manufactured by the Heyden Chemical Works, New York.

CALOMELOL OINTMENT.

Actions and Uses.—It is a substitute for mercurial ointment, over which it has the advantage of cleanliness, and it is claimed to be distinctly superior as an inunction in syphilis, etc. Dosage.—6 grammes (90 grains) daily for inunction in syphilis. Manufactured by the Heyden Chemical Works, New York.

CASCARA EVACUANT.

A preparation said to contain a bitterless glucoside, obtained from the bark of _Rhamnus Purshiana_, with aromatics.

Actions and Uses.—It is claimed that this preparation possesses the laxative properties of cascara sagrada without the bitterness which characterizes the ordinary extract. It is recommended for the treatment of chronic constipation, for which cascara sagrada is one of the best medicinal agents. Dosage.—As a laxative, 0·6 to 1 c.c. (10 to 15 minims) three times a day; as a purgative, 1·3 to 2 c.c. (20 to 30 minims) morning and evening. Four cubic centimeters (1 fluidrachm) may be given in obstinate cases. Prepared by Parke, Davis & Co., Detroit, Mich.

CASCARA TONIC LAXATIVE GLOBULES.

Each globule is said to contain 0·2 gramme (3 grains) of the bitter glucosides of _Rhamnus Purshiana_ suspended in a bland fixed oil, to which aromatics have been added.

Actions and Uses.—The manufacturers claim that it combines the laxative action of cascara with tonic properties of the bitter principle with the advantage of concealment of the disagreeable taste. Dosage.—One or two globules to be taken before retiring. Prepared by Parke, Davis & Co., Detroit, Mich.

CHINAPHENIN.

Chinaphenin, CO (NH·C_{6}H_{4}OC_{2}H_{5}) (C_{20}H_{23}N_{2}O_{2}) = C_{20}H_{33}N_{3}O_{4}, the quinine carbonic acid ester of phenetidin.

Actions and Uses.—Chinaphenin combines the antiperiodic properties of quinine with the analgesic power of phenacetin, with the advantage of tastelessness and asserted freedom from symptoms of cinchonism produced by the administration of the two remedies in simple mixture. It is recommended in febrile diseases, especially la grippe; in spasmodic conditions, such as whooping-cough; in certain forms of malaria and in neuralgia. Dosage.—Adult: 0·3 to 0·6 gramme (5 to 10 grains) ordinarily, 1·5 to 2 grammes (22 to 30 grains), given in two doses as an antipyretic in neuralgia and malaria; in whooping-cough: 0·13 to 0·3 gramme (2 to 5 grains), according to age. Manufactured by Farbenfabriken, vorm. Friedr. Bayer & Co., Elberfeld, Germany (Continental Color & Chemical Co., New York).

CHLORBUTANOL.

Chlorbutanol, 1,1,1-trichlor-2-methyl-propan-2-ol, CCl_{3}·C (OH) (CH_{3})·CH_{3} = C_{4}H_{7}OCl_{3}, produced by the reaction of acetone on chloroform.

Actions and Uses.—It is said to be absorbed unchanged, but to be decomposed in the body. It is a local anesthetic with an action weaker than that of cocaine, but sufficient to prevent vomiting from gastric irritation. Its antiseptic action is said to be fifteen times as strong as that of boric acid. It acts on the central nervous system similarly to chloral, and although the claim has been made that hypnotic doses are without effect on the circulation and respiration, independent observers have described a fall of blood pressure and interference with respiration in animals, and consider it fully as dangerous as chloral. In man 100 grains caused severe symptoms, but recovery occurred. It is claimed that no habit is induced, but this may be referable to its restricted employment. It is recommended as a mild local anesthetic, in dentistry, etc., as a preservative for hypodermic solutions, for insomnia, vomiting and for spasmodic conditions. It is also said to be useful as introductory to general anesthesia, lessening excitement and nausea. Dosage.—The dose is from 0·3 to 1·5 gramme (5 to 20 grains) dry or in capsules. Hypodermically as a local anesthetic a saturated aqueous solution may be used.

CHLORETONE.

A name applied to chlorbutanol, which see. Manufactured by Parke, Davis & Co., Detroit, Mich.

CHLORETONE INHALANT.

A solution of chloretone, camphor, menthol and oil of cinnamon in liquid petrolatum.

Actions and Uses.—An anodyne, antiseptic, and emolient solution for use by inhalation as a very fine spray or nebula. Manufactured by Parke, Davis & Co., Detroit, Mich.

CITARIN.

Citarin,

CH_{2}COONa | CH_{2} | / | / CO O = Na_{2}C_{7}H_{6}O_{7}, the normal sodium salt of | / | / | CO CH_{2}COONa

anhydromethylene-citric acid.

Actions and Uses.—This is one of the compounds which it is claimed increase the elimination of uric acid by forming very soluble compounds with that substance. It has been recommended for gout and chronic rheumatism. Dosage.—1 to 2 grammes (15 to 30 grains), largely diluted with water. Manufactured by Farbenfabriken, vorm. Friedr. Bayer & Co., Elberfeld, Germany (Continental Color & Chemical Co., New York).

CREOSOTAL.

A mixture of carbonic acid esters, analogous to guaiacol carbonate, prepared from creosote.

Actions and Uses.—Creosotal has the same action as creosote, but is claimed to be non-toxic and devoid of irritant properties. It is recommended as a substitute for creosote for internal exhibition in tuberculosis, pneumonia, and as an intestinal antiseptic. Dosage.—From 0·3 to 2·0 grammes (5 to 30 grains) for children, to 1 to 4 grammes (15 to 60 grains) for adults in milk, coffee, wine, cod-liver oil or emulsion. Externally it may be applied undiluted. Manufactured by Farbenfabriken, vorm. Friedr. Bayer & Co., Elberfeld, Germany (Continental Color & Chemical Co., New York). Fabrik von Heyden, Radebeul, near Dresden.

DENTALONE.

A 30 per cent. solution of chloretone in a mixture of oils of gaultheria, cloves and cassia.

Actions and Uses.—Dentalone possesses pronounced anesthetic properties and is intended for use by dentists in the treatment of exposed nerves in decayed teeth. Prepared by Parke, Davis & Co., Detroit, Mich.

DERMATOL.

A name applied to Bismuthi Subgallas, U. S. P. Manufactured by Meister, Lucius & Bruening, Hoechst a. M. (Victor Koechl & Co., New York).

DIABETIN.

A pure, crystallized fructose (levulose), CH_{2}OH·CHOH·CHOH. CHOH·CO·CH_{2}OH = C_{6}H_{12}O_{6}, absolutely free from dextrose (ordinary glucose).

Actions and Uses.—Levulose is metabolized in the body by other agencies than those that act on dextrose and most of the other sugars and appears to be more completely utilized by the diabetic organism than the other sugars. It is recommended for the nutrition and for sweetening the food and drink of diabetics, in pulmonary tuberculosis, infantile malnutrition and marasmus. Dosage:—It is given in diabetes in daily quantities of 30 to 60 grammes (1 to 2 ounces); in grave forms of the disease the amount is reduced to from 12 to 24 grammes (3 to 6 drachms) daily. Manufactured by Chemische Fabrik auf Actien, vorm. E. Schering, Berlin (Schering & Glatz, New York).

DIONIN.

Dionin, C_{17}H_{17}NO(OH) (OC_{2}H_{5}HCl) + H_{2}O = (C_{19}H_{21}O_{3}ClN + H_{2}O), the hydrochloride of the ethyl ester of morphine.

Actions and Uses.—It is claimed that this compound acts like morphine without producing constipation, nausea or lassitude. It is the conclusion of some good observers that it possesses no advantage over codeine. Applied to the eye, it causes a local vasodilation, leading to acute conjunctival edema. Dionin is recommended to relieve pain, especially in respiratory affections, as an antispasmodic in whooping-cough, for insomnia and externally in the treatment of corneal affections, conjunctivitis, iritis, etc. Dosage.—0·015 to 0·06 gramme (¼ to 1 grain). Externally it is applied in 10 to 20 per cent. solutions. Manufactured by E. Merck, Darmstadt. (Merck & Co., New York.)

DIURETIN.

A name applied to theobromine-sodium salicylate, which see. Manufactured by Knoll & Co., Ludwigshafen, Germany (E. Merck & Co., New York).

DUOTAL.

A name applied to Guaiacolis Carbonas, U. S. P. Manufactured by Farbenfabriken, vorm. Friedr. Bayer & Co., Elberfeld, Germany (Continental Color & Chemical Company, New York).

DUOTONOL.

A name applied to a mixture of equal parts of calcium tonol and sodium tonol. (See Tonols.)

Actions and Uses and Dosage.—See Glycerophosphates. Manufactured by Chemische Fabrik auf Actien, vorm. E. Schering, Berlin (Schering & Glatz, New York).

ELIXIR EUPNEIN.

A preparation said to contain in each dose of 8 c.c. (2 fluidrachms): heroin 0·0026 gramme (1/24 grain), terpin hydrate 0·13 gramme (2 grains) creosote 0·3 gramme (5 grains), in a menstruum containing 30 per cent. of alcohol with glycerin and aromatic essential oils.

Actions and Uses.—From its composition it appears to be well adapted to use in chronic cough from bronchitis, etc. Dosage.—4 to 12 c.c. (1 to 3 fluidrachms). Prepared by Schieffelin & Co., New York.

ELIXIR SAW PALMETTO.

An elixir of saw palmetto berries, sandal wood and cornsilk.

Actions and Uses.—The constituents of this preparation are credited with diuretic properties and believed to be sedative to the genito-urinary tract and to exert a curative action on the inflamed mucous membrane, especially in chronic cases. Dosage.—4 to 16 c.c. (1 to 4 fluidrachms) three times a day. Prepared by Parke, Davis & Co., Detroit, Mich.

EMPYROFORM.

A condensation product of birch tar and formaldehyde.

Actions and Uses.—Empyroform is an antipruritic, sedative and desiccant. It is said to be superior to tar and free from irritant or toxic effects. It is claimed to be useful in all stages of eczema, psoriasis, lichen, urticaria, prurigo, pityriasis, etc. Dosage.—It is applied as a 5 to 10 per cent. ointment, 10 to 20 per cent. zinc paste, 10 to 20 per cent. tincture, and 37·5 per cent. suspension. Manufactured by Chemische Fabrik auf Actien, vorm. E. Schering Berlin (Schering & Glatz, New York).

EPICARIN.

Epicarin, C_{6}H_{3}(OH)(COOH) (CH_{2}C_{10}H_{6}OH) 2:3:1 = C_{18}H_{14}O_{4}, β-naphthol-hydroxy-toluic acid.

Actions and Uses.—Epicarin is a non-poisonous antiseptic and parasiticide. Administered internally, it is excreted mostly undecomposed. It has been found useful in the treatment of skin-diseases, particularly scabies, tinea tonsurans, prurigo and certain forms of eczema. Dosage.—It is used externally only in the form of 5 to 20 per cent. ointment, with petrolatum or wool fat (lanolin) as base, or in the form of oily or alcoholic solutions (10 per cent.). Manufactured by Farbenfabriken, vorm. Friedr. Bayer & Co., Elberfeld, Germany (Continental Color and Chemical Co., New York).

ERYTHROL TETRANITRATE.

Erythrol tetranitrate, C_{4}H_{6}(NO_{3})_{4} = C_{4}H_{6}O_{12}N_{4}, the tetranitrate of erythrite or butane-tetrol, C_{4}H_{6}(OH)_{4}.

Actions and Uses.—It is a vasodilator and antispasmodic, like nitroglycerin. Its action is slower and more lasting; it begins in 15 minutes and persists for three or four hours. It is recommended in angina pectoris and cardiac diseases. It is reported as especially useful as a prophylactic in preventing anginal pain. Dosage.—Because of its explosiveness it is marketed in the form of tablets, each containing 0.03 gramme (½ grain). One or two tablets every four to six hours. Manufactured by E. Merck, Darmstadt (Merck & Co., New York).

ETHYLENEDIAMINE.

Ethylenediamine, C_{2}H_{4}(NH_{2})_{2}, a substitution compound of ethylene and ammonia.

Actions and Uses.—It is said to be non-corrosive. It is recommended as an albumin solvent for the solution of false membranes in diphtheria and similar affections of the mucous membranes. It is recommended for use in the form of kresamine (which see). Manufactured by Chemische Fabrik auf Actien, vorm. E. Schering, Berlin (Schering & Glatz, New York).

EUCAINE.

The “Eucaines” are two closely allied synthetic bases, which were originally differentiated as eucaine “A” and eucaine “B,” but are now designated as “Alpha-eucaine” and “Beta-eucaine,” respectively, alpha-eucaine being a synthetic derivative of triacetonamine, while beta-eucaine is a synthetic derivative of vinyl-diacetonekalmine. Both of these bases are supplied as hydrochlorides and are recommended as substitutes for cocaine, over which they are claimed to have certain advantages. They are described under alpha-eucaine hydrochloride and beta-eucaine hydrochloride.

(_To be continued._)

_Report of the Council on Pharmacy and Chemistry, from the Journal A. M. A., October 20, 1906._

TYREE’S ANTISEPTIC POWDER.

Tyree’s antiseptic powder was assigned for examination to a subcommittee of the Council, which made the following report:

_To the Council on Pharmacy and Chemistry_: Your subcommittee, to whom was assigned Tyree’s Pulv. Antiseptic Comp., marketed by J. S. Tyree, Washington, D. C., reports as follows:

The label on the package states: “This preparation is a scientific combination of borate of sodium, alumen, carbolic acid, glycerin and the crystallized principles of thyme, eucalyptus, gaultheria, and mentha, in the form of a powder,” etc.